Maintaining Mission Critical Systems In A 24/7 Environment

by Peter M. Curtis

• ISBN13: 9780471683742
• ISBN10: 0471683744
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-03-01
• Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press

Summary

The latest tested and proven strategies to maintain business resiliency and sustainability for our ever-growing global digital economy Here is a comprehensive study of the fundamentals of mission critical systems, which are designed to maintain ultra-high reliability, availability, and resiliency of electrical, mechanical, and digital systems and eliminate costly downtime. Readers learn all the skills needed to design, fine tune, operate, and maintain mission critical equipment and systems. Practical in focus, the text helps readers configure and customize their designs to correspond to their organizations' unique needs and risk tolerance. Specific strategies are provided to deal with a wide range of contingencies from power failures to human error to fire. In addition, the author highlights measures that are mandated by policy and regulation. The author of this text has worked in mission critical facilities engineering for more than twenty years, serving clients in banking, defense, utilities, energy, and education environments. His recommendations for maintaining essential operations are based on firsthand experience of what works and what does not. Most chapters in this text concentrate on an individual component of the mission critical system, including standby generators, automatic transfer switches, uninterruptible power supplies, and fuel, fire, and battery systems. For each component, the author sets forth applications, available models, design choices, standard operating procedures, emergency action plans, maintenance procedures, and applicable codes and standards. Extensive use of photographs and diagrams illustrates how individual components and integrated systems work. With the rapid growth of e-commerce and 24/7 business operations, mission critical systems have moved to the forefront of concerns among both private and public operations. Facilities engineers, senior administrators, and business continuity professionals involved in information technology and data center design should consult this text regularly to ensure they have done everything they can to protect and sustain their operations to reduce human error, equipment failures, and other critical events. Adapted from material the author has used in academic and professional training programs, this guide is also an ideal desktop reference and textbook.

Author Biography

Peter M. Curtis, MS, is the Founder of Power Management Concepts, LLC. He has more than twenty years' experience in mission critical facilities engineering, advising clients in banking, defense, utilities, energy, and education industries.

Table of Contents

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

An Overview of Reliability and Resilience in Today''s Mission Critical Facilities

Introduction

Risk Assessment

Capital Costs Versus Operation Costs

Change Management

Testing and Commissioning

Documentation and Human Factor

Education and Training

Operation and Maintenance

Employee Certification

Standard and Benchmarking

Policies and Regulations

Executive Summary

Introduction

Industry Regulations and Policies

U.S. Patriot Act

The National Strategy for the Physical Protection of Critical Infrastructures and Key Assets

U.S. Security and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Sound Practices to Strengthen the Resilience of the U.S. Financial System

Federal Real Property Council (FRPC)

Basel II Accord

Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX)

NFPA 1600

Mission Critical Facilities Engineering

Introduction

Companies'' Expectations: Risk Tolerance and Reliability

Identifying the Appropriate Redundancy in a Mission Critical Facility

Improving Reliability, Maintainability, and Proactive Preventative Maintenance

The Mission Critical Facilities Manager and the Importance of the Boardroom

Quantifying Reliability and Availability

Review of Reliability Versus Availability

Design Considerations for the Mission Critical Data Center

Mission Critical Facility Start-Up

The Evolution of Mission Critical Facility Design

Mission Critical Electrical Systems Maintenance

Introduction

The History of the Maintenance Supervisor and the Evolution of the Mission Critical Facilities Engineer

Internal Building Deficiencies and Analysis

Evaluating Your System

Choosing a Maintenance Approach

Standards and Regulations Affecting How Safe Electrical Maintenance Is Performed

Maintenance of Typical Electrical Distribution Equipment

Infrared Scanning

15-Kilovolt Class Equipment

480-Volt Switchgear

Motor Control Centers and Panel Boards

Automatic Transfer Switches

Automatic Static Transfer Switches (ASTS)

Power Distribution Units

277/480-Volt Transformers

Uninterruptible Power Systems

A Final Point on Servicing Equipment

Being Proactive in Evaluating the Test Reports

Data Center Reliability

Standby Generators: Technology, Applications, and Maintenance

Introduction

The Necessity for Standby Power

Emergency, Legally Required, and Optional Systems

Standby Systems that Are Legally Required

Optional Standby Systems

Understanding Your Power Requirements

Management Commitment and Training

Lockout/Tagout

Training

Standby Generator Systems Maintenance Procedures

Maintenance Record Keeping and Data Trending

Load Bank Testing

Documentation Plan

Proper Documentation and Forms

Record Keeping

Emergency Procedures

Cold Start and Load Acceptance

Nonlinear Load Problems

Conclusions

Fuel Systems and Design and Maintenance for Fuel Oil (Howard L. Chesneau, Edward English III, and Ron Ritorto)

Fuel Systems and Fuel Oil

Fuel Supply Maintenance Items

Fuel Supply Typical Design Criteria

Bulk Storage Tank Selection

Codes and Standards

Recommended Practices for all Tanks

Fuel Distribution System Configuration

Day Tank Control System

Automatic Transfer Switch Technology, Application, and Maintenance

Introduction

Overview

Transfer Switch Technology and Applications

Types of Transfer Switches

Bypass-Isolation Transfer Switches

Breaker Pair ATSs

Control Devices

Time Delays

In-Phase Monitor

Programmed (Delayed) Transition

Closed Transition Transfer (Parallel Transfer)

Test Switches

Exercise Clock

Voltage and Frequency Sensing Controls

Optional Accessories and Features

ATS Required Capabilities

Close Against High In-Rush Currents

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