Major Problems in American Foreign Relations, Volume II: Since 1914

by Merrill, Dennis; Paterson, Thomas

• ISBN13: 9780618370399
• ISBN10: 0618370390
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-10-20
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Designed to encourage critical thinking about history, this reader uses a carefully selected group of primary sources and analytical essays to allow students to test the interpretations of distinguished historians and draw their own conclusions about the history of American foreign policy. This text serves as an effective educational tool for courses on U.S. foreign policy, recent U.S. history, or 20th Century U.S. history.The Sixth Edition incorporates coverage of the post-Cold War era as well as new material that examines the role of gender, race, and national identity in American foreign policy.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Approaching the Study of American Foreign Relations	1	(32)
Essays
The World-System, Hegemony, and Decline	3	(4)
Thomas J. McCormick
Cultural Interactions	7	(5)
Emily S. Rosenberg
The Gendering of Peoples and Nations	12	(4)
Andrew Rotter
Race and the American Century	16	(7)
Gerald C. Horne
National Security, Core Values, and Power	23	(3)
Melvyn P. Leffler
Bureaucratic Politics and Policy Outcomes	26	(4)
J. Garry Clifford
Further Reading	30	(3)
Woodrow Wilson, the First World War, and the League Fight	33	(212)
Documents
The First Lusitania Note Requests Germany to Halt Submarine Warfare, 1915	35	(1)
President Woodrow Wilson Asks Congress to Declare War Against Germany, 1917	36	(2)
Senator Robert M. La Follette Voices His Dissent, 1917	38	(1)
Wilson Proclaims U.S. War Aims: The Fourteen Points, 1918	39	(2)
Articles 10 Through 16 of the League of Nations Covenant, 1919	41	(1)
Wilson Defends the Peace Treaty and League, 1919	42	(5)
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge Proposes Reservations to the League Covenant, 1919	47	(1)
Essays
From Peace to War: Progressive Internationalists Confront the Forces of Reaction	48	(149)
Thomas J. Knock
Secretary of Commerce Henry A. Wallace Questions the ``Get Tough'' Policy, 1946	197	(2)
Soviet Ambassador Nikolai Novikov Identifies a U.S. Drive for World Supremacy, 1946	199	(3)
The Truman Doctrine Calls for Aid to Greece and Turkey to Contain Totalitarianism, 1947	202	(2)
The Marshall Plan (Economic Cooperation Act) Provides Aid for European Reconstruction, 1948	204	(1)
The National Security Council Paper No. 68 (NSC-68) Reassesses the Soviet Threat and Recommends a Military Buildup, 1950	205	(3)
Essays
Secrets and Threats: Atomic Diplomacy and Soviet-American Antagonism	208	(10)
Barton J. Bernstein
Provincialism and Confrontation: President Harry S. Truman and the Origins of the Cold War	218	(8)
Arnold A. Offner
Two Cold War Empires: Imposition vs. Multilateralism	226	(16)
John Lewis Gaddis
Further Reading	242	(3)
The Korean War and Containment in Asia	245	(43)
Documents
U.S. Ambassador John Leighton Stuart Reports Mao's Overture, 1949	248	(2)
The National Security Council Extends Containment to Asia, December 1949	250	(4)
Secretary of State Dean Acheson Defines the Defense Perimeter in Asia, 1950	254	(2)
North Korean Leader Kim Il Sung Pleads for Soviet Support, January 1950	256	(1)
President Harry S. Truman and His Advisers Confer at the ``Blair House Meeting,'' June 26, 1950	257	(3)
Chinese Leader Mao Zedong Informs Joseph Stalin of China's Decision to Enter the Korean War, 1950	260	(1)
General Douglas MacArthur Dismisses the Likelihood of Chinese Intervention, 1950	261	(1)
MacArthur's ``No Substitute for Victory'' Speech, 1951	262	(2)
Essays
Korea's Civil War and the Roots of U.S. Intervention	264	(10)
Bruce Cumings
Korea: Stalin's Expansionist Gamble	274	(6)
Vladislov Zubok
Constantine Pleshakov
The Lost Chance for Peace: Washington Rejected Chinese Communist Overtures	280	(6)
Thomas J. Christensen
Further Reading	286	(2)
Dwight D. Eisenhower and Nuclear Arms	288	(37)
Documents
National Security Council Paper No. 162/2 (NSC-162/2) Promotes Atomic Power, 1953	291	(1)
Secretary of State John Foster Dulles and President Dwight D. Eisenhower Threaten to Use Nuclear Weapons: The Taiwan Strait Crisis, 1955	292	(1)
The National Security Council Discusses the Ramifications of Sputnik, 1957	293	(3)
The National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (SANE) Protests the Nuclear Arms Race, 1957	296	(1)
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev Reflects on the Nuclear Arms Race, 1970	297	(2)
Senator John F. Kennedy Presses for More Military Spending to Close the Missile Gap, 1960	299	(1)
Eisenhower Warns Against the ``Military-Industrial Complex,'' 1961	300	(2)
Essays
Eisenhower's Heroic but Failed Crusade Against Militarization	302	(11)
Michael S. Sherry
Eisenhower's Reckless Nuclear Gamble over the Taiwan Strait	313	(10)
Gordon H. Chang
He Di
Further Reading	323	(2)
Cold War Culture and the ``Third World''	325	(42)
Documents
Iranian Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadeq Defends the Nationalization of Oil, 1951	328	(3)
U.S. Ambassador Loy Henderson Questions Mossadeq's Mental Stability, 1952	331	(1)
President John F. Kennedy Launches the Peace Corps, 1961	332	(1)
JFK Enlists Youth and Idealism in the Peace Corps, 1961	333	(1)
A Peace Corps Volunteer Describes Life in Ghana, 1964	334	(2)
The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Plans for Tourism, 1949	336	(2)
Modernity Goes on Display: San Juan's Caribe Hilton Hotel, 1949	338	(1)
A Puerto Rican Cartoon Satirizes U.S. Tourists, 1960	339	(1)
Essays
Culture Clash: Gender, Oil, and Iranian Nationalism	340	(8)
Mary Ann Heiss
Cultural Cooperation: The Peace Corps in Ghana	348	(7)
Elizabeth Cobbs Hoffman
Cultural Negotiation: U.S. Tourism in Puerto Rico	355	(10)
Dennis Merrill
Further Reading	365	(2)
Cuba and the Missile Crisis	367	(47)
Documents
CIA Assassination Plots Against Cuban Leader Fidel Castro (1960--1965), 1975	369	(3)
Guidelines for Operation Mongoose, 1962	372	(1)
Missiles Photographed in Cuba: President John F. Kennedy Meets with His Advisers, October 16, 1962	373	(6)
Kennedy Addresses the Nation, October 22, 1962	379	(3)
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev Asks for a U.S. No-Invasion Pledge, October 26, 1962	382	(2)
Khrushchev Requests U.S. Removal of Jupiter Missiles from Turkey, October 27, 1962	384	(1)
Kennedy and ExComm Consider Trading the Jupiter Missiles in Turkey, October 27, 1962	385	(1)
Soviet Official Anastas I. Mikoyan and Fidel Castro Debate and Review the Crisis, November 4--5, 1962	386	(2)
Essays
Patient Diplomacy and Measured Pressure: JFK's Finest Hour	388	(13)
Robert Dallek
Spinning Out of Control: Kennedy's War Against Cuba and the Missile Crisis	401	(11)
Thomas G. Paterson
Further Reading	412	(2)
The Vietnam War	414	(41)
Documents
The Vietnamese Declaration of Independence, 1945	417	(1)
Final Declaration of the Geneva Conference on Indochina, 1954	418	(1)
North Vietnamese General Vo Nguyen Giap Outlines His People's War Strategy, 1961	419	(2)
The Tonkin Gulf Resolution Authorizes the President to use Force, 1964	421	(1)
A Bureaucratic Insider Laments the Momentum Against Negotiation, November 1964	422	(1)
President Lyndon B. Johnson's Advisers Chart the Path to Military Escalation, December 1964	423	(2)
Chinese Leader Mao Zedong Urges the North Vietnamese to Fight On, 1965	425	(1)
Senator J. William Fulbright Decries the ``Arrogance of Power,'' 1966	426	(2)
Former Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara Concludes That He Erred, 1995	428	(1)
Essays
International Capitalism and Communism Collide with Vietnamese Nationalism	429	(8)
Robert Buzzanco
Lyndon Johnson and His Bureaucracy Choose War	437	(9)
Fredrik Logevall
An Unwinnable War	446	(6)
Robert K. Brigham
Further Reading	452	(3)
Richard M. Nixon, Henry A. Kissinger, the Grand Strategy, and Detente	455	(41)
Documents
President Richard M. Nixon Recalls His Initial Goals (1968), 1978	457	(2)
The Nixon Doctrine Calls on Asian Nations to Take Responsibility for Their Own Security, 1969	459	(1)
Nixon Explains the Five Power Centers of the New Global Economy, 1971	460	(2)
Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger Defines Detente, 1974	462	(2)
U.S. Covert Action in Chile (1963--1973), 1975	464	(4)
The Journalist Anthony Lewis Blasts Kissinger's Record, 1977	468	(3)
Essays
Nixon's Innovative Grand Design and the Wisdom of Detente	471	(9)
Joan Hoff
Why Detente Failed	480	(9)
Raymond L. Garthoff
Kissinger's Realism Without Morality	489	(5)
Walter Isaacson
Further Reading	494	(2)
The Cold War Ends and the Post--Cold War Era Begins	496	(40)
Documents
President Ronald Reagan Denounces the Soviet Union, 1981	499	(1)
Reagan Touts U.S. Military Power and Introduces the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 1983	499	(2)
Reagan Defends SDI After the Reykjavik Summit Meeting, 1986	501	(2)
Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev Criticizes SDI After the Reykjavik Summit Meeting, 1986	503	(2)
Soviet Reformer Georgi Arbatov Explains the ``New Thinking'' in the Soviet Union, 1989	505	(3)
President George Bush Proclaims Cold War Victory, 1990	508	(2)
President William J. Clinton Applauds America's Globalism and Warns Against a New Isolationism, 1995	510	(2)
President George W. Bush Jettisons the Multilateral Kyoto Protocol on the Environment, 2001	512	(1)
Essays
Superpower Decline and Hegemonic Survival	513	(7)
Thomas G. Paterson
President Ronald Reagan's Successful Strategy of Negotiating from Strength	520	(8)
John Lewis Gaddis
The Limits of American Post-Cold War Power	528	(5)
Joseph S. Nye Jr.
Further Reading	533	(3)
September 11, 2001, and Anti-Americanism in the Muslim World	536	(52)
Documents
President Franklin D. Roosevelt Befriends King Ibn Saud, 1945	540	(1)
The National Security Council Weighs U.S. Options in the Middle East, 1948	541	(4)
Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser Justifies Nationalizing the Suez Canal, 1956	545	(1)
The Palestinian National Covenant Calls for the Liberation of Palestine, 1968	546	(2)
The Carter Doctrine Announces U.S. Intention to Repel Aggression in the Persian Gulf, 1980	548	(2)
President George Bush Declares a New World Order During the Persian Gulf Crisis, 1990	550	(1)
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin Pleads for Peace, 1993	551	(1)
President George W. Bush Asks, ``Why Do They Hate Us?'' 2001	551	(3)
Osama bin Laden Proclaims, ``God Has Given Them Back What They Deserve,'' 2001	554	(1)
President Bush Makes the Case for War on Iraq, 2003	555	(3)
Essays
The Revolt of Islam	558	(15)
Bernard Lewis
A Clash with U.S. Foreign Policy	573	(11)
Ussama Makdisi
A Clash Between Globalization and Tradition	584	(4)
Robert Wright
Further Reading	588