Making Citizen-Soldiers : ROTC and the Ideology of American Military Service

by Neiberg, Michael S.

• ISBN13: 9780674543126
• ISBN10: 0674543122
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-02-24
• Publisher: Harvard Univ Pr

Summary

This book examines the Reserve Officers Training Corps program as a distinctively American expression of the social, cultural, and political meanings of military service. Since 1950, ROTC has produced nearly two out of three American active duty officers, yet there has been no comprehensive scholarly look at civilian officer education programs in nearly forty years. While most modern military systems educate and train junior officers at insular academies like West Point, only the United States has relied heavily on the active cooperation of its civilian colleges. Michael Neiberg argues that the creation of officer education programs on civilian campuses emanates from a traditional American belief (which he traces to the colonial period) in the active participation of civilians in military affairs. Although this ideology changed shape through the twentieth century, it never disappeared. During the Cold War military buildup, ROTC came to fill two roles: it provided the military with large numbers of well-educated officers, and it provided the nation with a military comprised of citizen-soldiers. Even during the Vietnam era, officers, university administrators, and most students understood ROTC's dual role. The Vietnam War thus led to reform, not abandonment, of ROTC. Mining diverse sources, including military and university archives, Making Citizen-Soldiers provides an in-depth look at an important, but often overlooked, connection between the civilian and military spheres.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(11)
ROTC and the American Military Tradition	12	(23)
A Favored Position on Campus: The Military and Higher Education in the Cold War Era, 1950--1964	35	(25)
The Origins of Postwar Dissatisfaction	60	(24)
The ROTC Vitalization Act, 1964--1968	84	(28)
ROTC from Tet to the All-Volunteer Force	112	(39)
ROTC in the Era of the All-Volunteer Force, 1972--1980	151	(31)
A New Academic Program: ROTC, 1972--1980	182	(23)
Epilogue	202	(3)
Abbreviations	205	(2)
Notes	207	(44)
Primary Sources	251	(4)
Index	255