Making The International Economic Interdependence and Political Order

by Bromley, Simon; Mackintosh, Maureen; Brown, William; Wuyts, Marc

• ISBN13: 9780745321356
• ISBN10: 0745321356
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-12-20
• Publisher: Pluto Press

Summary

Making sense of today's international economic and political system is one of the most challenging tasks facing scholars, citizens and decision makers. Making the International is an innovative introductory text that enables the reader to develop a confident grasp of political and economic analysis. Focusing on core skills and concepts, the book analyses key ideas in an integrated and cumulative way -- an approach that will enable the reader to formulate their own critical standpoint about how the international system is made and in whose name it operates. Making the International is genuinely international in its coverage -- contributors from India, Mexico and Africa offer their perspectives alongside others from the USA and the European Union. The book is divided into five main sections: Trade and states compares the WTO's argument for the free market with the realities of developed and developing countries' experience. Making state policy looks at how states manoeuvre within the constraints of the international trading system and at the resulting policies of industrialization, national development and liberalization. Inequality and power investigates the impact of policies of liberalized trade and investment, and the patterns of inequality within developing countries. Autonomy, sovereignty and macroeconomic policy examines the ability of states to pursue national policies of macroeconomic management in a highly internationalized political economy. International collective action uses prominent examples of the successes and failures of states to achieve collective action especially related to global climate change and how collective action could be developed in the future.

Author Biography

Dr Simon Bromley is Senior Lecturer in International Political Economy at The Open University.
Dr William Brown is Lecturer in Government and Politics at The Open University.
Professor Maureen Mackintosh is Professor of Economics at The Open University.
Professor Marc Wuyts is Professor in Quantitative Applied Economics at the Institute of Social Studies in The Hague.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Chapter 1 Economic interdependence and political order: introducing international political economy	1	(8)
Simon Bromley, Maureen Mackintosh, William Brown and Marc Wuyts
1 Introduction	1	(3)
2 Studying politics and economics in parallel	4	(4)
3 Looking forward	8	(1)
Part 1 Trade and states	9	(124)
Chapter 2 Playing by the rules? Developing countries in the world trade regime	11	(22)
Aditya Bhattacharjea
1 Introduction	11	(4)
2 The road to Doha	15	(2)
3 What went wrong?	17	(9)
4 The rocky road ahead	26	(4)
5 Conclusion	30	(1)
Further reading	31	(2)
Chapter 3 Gaining from trade?	33	(42)
Maureen Mackintosh	33	(42)
1 Introduction
2 International trade and tariffs: political economics	34	(12)
3 The gains from trade	46	(5)
4 Sharing the gains: the terms of trade	51	(5)
5 Gainers and losers within countries	56	(4)
6 Losing from trade	60	(4)
7 Dynamic comparative advantage: escaping the trade poverty trap	64	(3)
8 Do openness, 'outward orientation' and 'globalization' reduce poverty?	67	(4)
9 Conclusion	71	(1)
Further reading	72	(3)
Chapter 4 Who makes the rules? The politics of developing country participation and influence in the WTO	75	(20)
Amrita Narlikar
1 Introduction	75	(1)
2 From the GATT to the WTO: a historical perspective	76	(4)
3 Making the rules for international trade	80	(5)
4 Decision-making processes and developing countries	85	(4)
5 Strategies for developing countries	89	(3)
6 Conclusion	92	(1)
Further reading	93	(2)
Chapter 5 International politics: states, anarchy and governance	95	(38)
Simon Bromley
1 Introduction	95	(5)
2 The nature of politics	100	(4)
3 The state and the political community	104	(6)
4 Waltz's realist theory of international politics	110	(7)
5 Questioning Waltz's realist model	117	(8)
6 Anarchy or governance?	125	(2)
7 Conclusion	127	(2)
Further reading	129	(4)
Part 2 Making State Policy
Chapter 6 The politics of liberalization in India	133	(40)
Sudipta Kaviraj
1 Introduction	133	(1)
2 States and the politics of economic governance	134	(4)
3 The political economy of Nehru's India	138	(8)
4 Formulating India's national interest	146	(5)
5 Questioning the Nehruvian legacy	151	(9)
6 Liberalization, the BJP and the reshaping of Indian politics	160	(10)
7 Conclusion	170	(1)
Further reading	171	(2)
Chapter 7 Trade policy, industrialization and growth in India	173	(42)
Suma Athreye
1 Introduction	173	(3)
2 The industrial roots of economic growth	176	(10)
3 Planned industrialization and growth: Indian industrial policy between 1950 and 1980	186	(7)
4 Reviewing the growth performance of the Indian economy between 1950 and 1980	193	(2)
5 Retreating from import substitution: 1981 to 1990	195	(5)
6 Technological change and productivity as determinants of growth	200	(5)
7 Liberalization in the 1990s	205	(4)
8 Industrial policy and economic growth: the Indian software story	209	(3)
9 Conclusion	212	(1)
Further reading	213	(2)
Part 3 Inequality and power	215	(74)
Chapter 8 Labour and free trade: Mexico within NAFTA	217	(36)
Carlos Salas Paez and George Callaghan
1 Introduction	217	(3)
2 Mexico in the US shadow: economic policies and labour relations	220	(6)
3 The North American Free Trade Agreement	226	(2)
4 Mexican labour under liberalization	228	(5)
5 Working conditions and labour organizing	233	(5)
6 Explaining wage decline	238	(7)
7 Income inequality	245	(6)
8 Conclusion	251	(1)
Further reading	252	(1)
Chapter 9 Power among states: Mexico's membership of NAFTA	253	(36)
Rafael Sanchez
1 Introduction	253	(2)
2 Analysing Mexican politics	255	(9)
3 Interdependence in international politics	264	(14)
4 Do relative gains matter?	278	(3)
5 Governing interdependence	281	(3)
6 Conclusion	284	(3)
Further reading	287	(2)
Part 4 Autonomy, sovereignty and macroeconomic policy	289	(124)
Chapter 10 Can Africa have developmental states?	291	(40)
Thandika Mkandawire
1 Introduction	291	(3)
2 The developmental years and the African developmental state	294	(12)
3 The crisis years	306	(5)
4 The adjustment years	311	(13)
5 The years of recovery?	324	(3)
6 Conclusion	327	(2)
Further reading	329	(2)
Chapter 11 Macroeconomic policy and trade integration: Tanzania in the world economy	331	(48)
Marc Wuyts
1 Introduction	331	(4)
2 Foreign exchange, aid and the trade gap: macroeconomic constraints on growth	335	(13)
3 Tanzania's macroeconomic strategy, from structural change to market-led development	348	(8)
4 Creating transition to an open economy: foreign exchange and exchange rate policies	356	(12)
5 Does structure matter under structural adjustment?	368	(8)
6 Conclusion	376	(2)
Further reading	378	(1)
Chapter 12 The politics of autonomy and sovereignty: Tanzania's aid relationship	379	(34)
Samuel Wangwe	379	(36)
1 Introduction
2 Autonomy, sovereignty and the loss of voice	383	(4)
3 The pattern of aid to Tanzania and the pressure for a liberal state	387	(6)
4 The first phase (1967-79): aid with relatively few strings	393	(1)
5 The second phase (1980-85): the challenge to Tanzania's autonomy	394	(6)
6 The third phase (1986-94): the loss of voice	400	(2)
7 The fourth phase (1995-2002): regaining voice?	402	(8)
8 Conclusion	410	(1)
Further reading	411	(2)
Part 5 International collective action	413	(92)
Chapter 13 The collective action problem	415	(40)
Judith Mehta and Rathin Roy	415	(40)
1 Introduction
2 The Tragedy of the Commons	418	(4)
3 The Prisoners' Dilemma	422	(9)
4 Assurance	431	(4)
5 Chicken	435	(4)
6 Intermediate review: analysing collective action problems	439	(3)
7 What can be done to elicit co-operation?	442	(11)
8 Conclusion	453	(1)
Further reading	454	(1)
Chapter 14 Global warming, the USA and the failure of collective action	455	(38)
William Brown
1 Introduction	455	(4)
2 Global warming as an international collective action problem: a first look'	459	(8)
3 Achieving co-operation? The obstacles to overcoming a global warming Prisoners' Dilemma	467	(5)
4 Co-operative options on global warming	472	(13)
5 Reconsidering the analysis of collective action	485	(6)
6 Conclusion	491	(1)
Further reading	492	(1)
Chapter 15 International political economy and making the international	493	(12)
Simon Bromley, Maureen Mackintosh, William Brown and Marc Wuyts
1 Introduction	493	(1)
2 Economics and politics	493	(2)
3 Specificity and difference	495	(2)
4 Interdependence, asymmetry and power	497	(3)
5 Anarchy and governance	500	(1)
6 Models as metaphors	501	(2)
7 Theory and voice	503	(2)
Answers to activities	505	(18)
References	523	(20)
Index	543	(18)
Acknowledgements	561