The Making of the West, Volume A: To 1500: Peoples and Cultures

by Hunt, Lynn; Martin, Thomas R.; Rosenwein, Barbara H.; Hsia, R. Po-chia; Smith, Bonnie G.

• ISBN13: 9780312465087
• ISBN10: 0312465084
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-02-20
• Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's

Summary

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Table of Contents

Note: All chapters close with a conclusion and a full-page Chapter Review section.

Prologue: The Beginnings of Human Society

The Paleolithic Age, 200,000–10,000 B.C.E.

The Neolithic Age, 10,000–4000 B.C.E.

New Sources, New Perspectives: Daily Bread, Damaged Bones, and Cracked Teeth

1. Early Western Civilization, 4000–1000 B.C.E.

The Controversial Concept of Western Civilization

Mesopotamia, Home of the First Civilization, 4000–1000 B.C.E.

Egypt, the First Unified Country, 3050–1000 B.C.E.

The Hittites, Minoans, and Mycenaeans, 2200–1000 B.C.E.

Terms of History: Civilization

Document: Hammurabi’s Laws for Physicians

Document: Declaring Innocence on Judgment Day in Ancient Egypt

2. The Near East and the Emergence of Greece, 1000–500 B.C.E.

From Dark Age to Empire in the Near East, 1000–500 B.C.E.

Remaking Greek Civilization, 1000–750 B.C.E.

The Creation of the Greek Polis, 750–500 B.C.E.

New Directions for the Polis, 750–500 B.C.E.

Document: Homer’s Vision of Justice in the Polis

Seeing History: Shifting Sculptural Expression: From Egypt to Greece

Document: Cyrene Records Its Foundation as a Greek Colony

Taking Measure: Greek Family Size and Agricultural Labor in the Archaic Age

Contrasting Views: Persians Debate Democracy, Oligarchy, and Monarchy


3. The Greek Golden Age c. 500–c. 400 B.C.E.

Wars between Persia and Greece, 499–479 B.C.E.

Athenian Confidence in the Golden Age, 478–431 B.C.E.

Tradition and Innovation in Athens’s Golden Age

The End of the Golden Age, 431–403 B.C.E.

Document: Athenian Regulations for a Rebellious Ally

Contrasting Views: The Nature of Women and Marriage

Document: Sophists Argue Both Sides of a Case

Taking Measure: Military Forces of Athens and Sparta at the Beginning of the Peloponnesian War (431 B.C.E.)

4. From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, 400–30 B.C.E.

Classical Greece after the Peloponnesian War, 400–350 B.C.E.

The Rise of Macedonia, 359–323 B.C.E.

The Hellenistic Kingdoms, 323–30 B.C.E.

Hellenistic Culture

Document: Aristotle on the Nature of the Greek Polis

Document: Epigrams by Women Poets

New Sources, New Perspectives: Papyrus Discoveries and Menander’s Comedies

 

5. The Rise of Rome, 753–44 B.C.E.

Roman Social and Religious Traditions

From Monarchy to Republic

Roman Imperialism and Its Consequences

Upheaval in the Late Republic

Document: The Rape and Suicide of Lucretia

Taking Measure: Census Records during the First and Second Punic Wars

Document: Polybius on Roman Military Discipline

Contrasting Views: What Was Julius Caesar Like?

6. The Roman Empire, 44 B.C.E.–284 C.E.

Creating the Pax Romana

Maintaining the Pax Romana

The Emergence of Christianity

The Third-Century Crisis

Document: Augustus, Res Gestae (My Accomplishments)

Document: The Scene at a Roman Bath

Contrasting Views: Christians in the Empire: Conspirators or Faithful Subjects?

Taking Measure: The Value of Roman Imperial Coinage, 27 B.C.E.–300 C.E.

7. The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284–600 C.E.

Reorganizing the Empire, 284–395

Christianizing the Empire, 312–c. 540

Non-Roman Kingdoms in the West, c. 370-550s

The Roman Empire in the East, c. 500-565

Document: Diocletian’s Edict On Maximum Prices and Wages

Taking Measure: Peasants’ Use of Farm Produce in the Roman Empire

Document: The Edict of Milan on Religious Liberty

Seeing History: Changing Religious Beliefs: Pagan and Christian Sarcophaguses

New Sources, New Perspectives: Was There a Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire?

8. Islam, Byzantium, and the West, 600–750

Islam: A New Religion and a New Empire

Byzantium: A Christian Empire under Siege

Western Europe: A Medley of Kingdoms

Terms of History: Medieval

Document: The Fatihah of the Qur’an

Seeing History: Who Conquered Whom? A Persian and an Arabic Coin Compared

Taking Measure: Church Repair, 600–900

Document: On Holy Images

New Sources, New Perspectives: Anthropology, Archaeology, and Changing Notions of Ethnicity

9. Emperors, Caliphs, and Local Lords, 750–1050

The Emperor and Local Elites in the Byzantine Empire

The Caliphate and Its Fragmentation

The Creation and Division of a New European Empire

After the Carolingians: The Emergence of Local Rule

Document: The Book of the Prefect

Document: When She Approached

Contrasting Views: Charlemagne: Roman Emperor, Father of Europe, or the Chief Bishop?

Terms of History: Feudalism

Taking Measure: Sellers, Buyers, and Donors, 800–1000

10. Merchants and Kings, Popes and Crusaders, 1050–1150

The Commercial Revolution

Church Reform

The Crusades

The Revival of Monarchies

Document: A Byzantine View of Papal Primacy

Contrasting Views: The First Crusade

New Sources, New Perspectives: The Cairo Geniza

Document: Penances for the Invaders, 1070

Taking Measure: Slaves in England in 1086

11. The Flowering of the Middle Ages, 1150–1215

New Schools and Churches

Governments as Institutions

The Growth of a Vernacular High Culture

Religious Fervor and Crusade

Seeing History: Romanesque vs. Gothic: The View Down the Nave

Contrasting Views: Magna Carta

Document: Frederick’s Reply to the Romans

Document: The Children’s Crusade, 1212

12. The Medieval Search for Order, 1215–1340

The Church’s Mission

The Medieval Synthesis

The Politics of Control

New Sources, New Perspectives: The Peasants of Montaillou

Taking Measure: Sentences Imposed by an Inquisitor, 1308–1323

Document: The Debate between Reason and the Lover

Document: Ausculta Fili (Listen, beloved son)



13. Crisis and Renaissance, 1340–1492

Crisis: Disease, War and Schism

The Renaissance: New Forms of Thought and Expression

Consolidating Power

Taking Measure: Population Losses and the Black Death

Contrasting Views: Joan of Arc: Who Was Òthe MaidÓ?

Document: Wat Tyler’s Rebellion, 1381

Terms of History: Renaissance

Document: Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Oration on the Dignity of Man