Management And Supervision in Law Enforcement

by Bennett, Wayne W.; Hess, Kären M.

• ISBN13: 9780495093411
• ISBN10: 0495093416
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-09-19
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Preface. About the Authors. Section One: MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISION: AN OVERVIEW. 1. The Law Enforcement Organization. 2. The Role of Management and Leadership. 3. Community Policing. Section Two: BASIC MANAGEMENT/PERSONAL SKILLS. 4. Communication. 5. Decision Making and Problem Solving. 6. Time Management. Section Three: MANAGERS AND THE SKILLS OF OTHERS. 7. Training and Beyond. 8. Promoting Growth and Development. 9. Motivation and Morale. Section Four: MANAGING PROBLEMS. 10. Discipline and Problem Behaviors. 11. Complaints, Grievances and Conflict. 12. Stress. Section Five: GETTING THE JOB DONE . . . THROUGH OTHERS. 13. Deploying Law Enforcement Resources and Improving Productivity. 14. Budgeting and Managing Costs Creatively. 15. Hiring Personnel and Dealing with Unions. 16. Performance Appraisals and Evaluation. 17. Challenges in Managing for the Future. Appendix A: Sample Community Policing Implementation Profile. Appendix B: Sample Goals, Daily Routine, Methods, Responsibilities and Duties of a Community Policing Officer. Appendix C: Offenses and their Penalties: Progressive Discipline. Appendix D: Sample Application Form. Appendix E. Sample Interview Rating Sheet. Appendix F. Accessibility Checklist for Complying with ADA. Appendix G. Sample Affirmative Action Questionnaire. Appendix H: List of Abbreviations and Acronyms. Glossary. Author Index. Subject Index.

Table of Contents

Preface	xix
SECTION I MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISION: AN OVERVIEW
The Law Enforcement Organization	1	(26)
Introduction	2	(1)
The Evolution of Law Enforcement Organizations	2	(2)
The Traditional Law Enforcement Organization	4	(1)
The Three Eras of Policing	5	(4)
The Political Era (1840--1930)	5	(1)
The Reform Era (1930--1980)	6	(3)
The Community Era (1980--Present)	9	(1)
Current Models of Policing	9	(1)
Individual Influences on the Evolution of Police Management	10	(1)
Max Weber	10	(1)
Frederick W. Taylor	10	(1)
Peter Drucker	10	(1)
The Influence of Technology on Management	11	(1)
The Law Enforcement Mission	11	(1)
An Organization's Guiding Philosophy and Values	12	(1)
Goals, Objectives, Work Plans and Policies and Procedures	13	(1)
Goals	13	(1)
Objectives	13	(1)
Work Plans	13	(1)
Policies and Procedures	14	(1)
The Formal Organization	14	(5)
Typical Divisions in Law Enforcement Agencies	14	(2)
Rational Organization and Hierarchy of Authority	16	(3)
Authority, Responsibility and Delegation	19	(1)
The Informal Organization	19	(1)
Coordination	20	(1)
The Emerging Law Enforcement Organization	20	(3)
A Flattened Organization	21	(1)
A Decentralized Organization	21	(1)
Empowered Officers	22	(1)
Why the Need to Change?	22	(1)
Incident and Unified Command	23	(1)
Summary	24	(1)
Challenge One	24	(1)
Discussion Questions	25	(1)
References	25	(2)
The Role of Management and Leadership in Law Enforcement	27	(37)
Introduction	28	(1)
Managers and Management	28	(1)
Authority and Power	29	(1)
Delegation	29	(1)
Basic Management Skills and Tools	30	(2)
Basic Tools	31	(1)
The Role of Self-Confidence	31	(1)
Lessons Learned from Business	32	(1)
Management by Objectives	32	(1)
Total Quality Management	32	(1)
Management Styles	33	(1)
Which Management Style to Select?	33	(1)
Levels of Managers	33	(10)
First-Line Supervisors	33	(3)
Middle Management	36	(1)
The Top Level---The Executive Manager	37	(6)
Law Enforcement Management as a Career	43	(1)
Leadership	43	(1)
Characteristics of Leaders	44	(3)
Leading versus Managing	46	(1)
Research on and Theories Related to Leadership	47	(3)
Trait Theorists	47	(1)
The Michigan State and Ohio State Universities Studies	48	(1)
The Managerial Grid from a Leadership Perspective	48	(1)
Situational Leadership	48	(2)
Transformational Leadership	50	(1)
Leadership Styles	50	(2)
Consultative, Democratic or Participative Leadership	51	(1)
Laissez-Faire Leadership	51	(1)
Common Sense Leadership	51	(1)
Implications	51	(1)
Leadership---A Call for Change	52	(2)
Leadership Training and Development	54	(2)
Guidelines for Effective Management/Leadership	56	(2)
Holistic Management/Leadership	58	(1)
The Team Approach	58	(2)
Multiagency Teams and Task Forces	59	(1)
Summary	60	(1)
Challenge Two	61	(1)
Discussion Questions	62	(1)
References	62	(2)
Community Policing	64	(36)
Introduction	65	(1)
Community Policing---An Overview	65	(3)
Community Policing Defined	65	(1)
Common Elements of Community Policing	66	(1)
The Goals of Community Policing	66	(1)
The Dimensions of Community Policing	66	(1)
The Three Generations of Community Policing	67	(1)
Traditional and Community Policing Compared	68	(3)
Reactive versus Proactive	68	(1)
Crime Fighting versus Service and Problem Solving	69	(2)
Responsibility for Crime	71	(1)
The Importance of Community	71	(4)
Community Demograhics	71	(2)
Organizations and Institutions	73	(1)
Social Capital	73	(1)
Lack of Community	74	(1)
Involving and Educating Citizens	75	(2)
Civilian Review Boards	75	(1)
Citizen Patrols	76	(1)
Citizen Police Academies	76	(1)
Ride-Along Programs	76	(1)
Partnerships	77	(6)
Partnerships with Local Businesses	78	(1)
School/Law Enforcement/Community Partnerships	79	(1)
Other Key Partnerships/Collaborators	80	(2)
Partnerships with the Media	82	(1)
Community Policing and Problem Solving	83	(1)
Implementing Community Policing	84	(5)
Factors Supporting Implementing Community Policing	84	(1)
Required Changes	84	(1)
Analyzing the Community	85	(2)
Strategic Planning	87	(2)
Making Time for Partnering and Problem Solving: Call Management	89	(2)
Challenges to Community Policing	91	(1)
A Change in Core Functions?	92	(1)
The Benefits of Implementing Community Policing	93	(1)
Benefits of Community Policing to Officers	93	(1)
Beyond Community	93	(2)
Summary	95	(1)
Challenge Three	96	(1)
Discussion Questions	97	(1)
References	97	(3)
SECTION II BASIC MANAGEMENT/PERSONAL SKILLS
Communication: A Critical Management Skill	100	(32)
Introduction	101	(1)
Communication: An Overview	101	(1)
The Communication Process	102	(7)
The Sender of the Message	103	(1)
The Message	103	(2)
Channels of Communication	105	(1)
The Receiver of the Message	106	(1)
Listening	106	(2)
Feedback	108	(1)
Barriers to Communication	109	(3)
The Gender Barrier	110	(1)
The Cultural Barrier	110	(2)
Obstacles within the Process	112	(1)
Communication Enhancers	113	(1)
Internal Communication	113	(4)
Subordinate Communication	114	(1)
The Grapevine	114	(1)
Newsletters	115	(1)
Communication at Meetings	115	(2)
External Communication	117	(7)
Communicating with Other Agencies	117	(1)
Communicating with the Media	118	(6)
Communication and Community Policing	124	(2)
Annual Reports	125	(1)
The Internet	125	(1)
Communication and Homeland Security	126	(3)
Obstacles to Information Sharing	127	(1)
The National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan (NCISP)	128	(1)
Summary	129	(1)
Challenge Four	129	(1)
Discussion Questions	130	(1)
References	130	(2)
Decision Making and Problem Solving	132	(32)
Introduction	133	(1)
A Decision-Making, Problem-Solving Environment	133	(1)
Kinds of Decisions	134	(1)
Whole-Brain Research	135	(1)
Basic Methods for Making Decisions or Problem Solving	136	(6)
Intuition	136	(1)
Snap Decisions	136	(1)
Delegating	137	(1)
Not Deciding	137	(1)
Using Computers for Decision Making	137	(1)
Participatory Decision Making (PDM)	138	(1)
Brainstorming	139	(2)
Focus Groups	141	(1)
Groupthink	141	(1)
More Complex Decision-Making/Problem-Solving Processes	142	(7)
The Seven-Step Decision-Making/Problem-Solving Process	142	(3)
Force-Field Analysis (FFA)	145	(1)
The Nominal Group Technique (NGT)	146	(1)
The Delphi Technique	147	(1)
A Modified Delphi Technique	148	(1)
Problem-Oriented Policing	149	(8)
Scanning	150	(1)
Analysis	151	(2)
Response	153	(1)
Assessment	154	(1)
The SARA Model in Action	155	(2)
Creativity and Innovation	157	(3)
A Creative Approach to Problem Solving	157	(1)
Thinking Traps and Mental Locks	158	(2)
Killer Phrases	160	(1)
Common Mistakes	160	(1)
Ethical Decisions	160	(1)
Evaluating Decisions	161	(1)
Summary	161	(1)
Challenge Five	162	(1)
Discussion Questions	163	(1)
References	163	(1)
Time Management: Minute by Minute	164	(24)
Introduction	165	(1)
Time Defined	165	(1)
Time Management: Planning and Organizing Time	166	(1)
Time Management in a Service Organization	167	(1)
Value of Time	167	(1)
Goals and Time Management	167	(3)
Segmenting Tasks	168	(1)
Goals, Objectives and the Pareto Principle	168	(1)
Setting Priorities	169	(1)
Urgent versus Important	169	(1)
Organizing Time	170	(4)
Time Logs and Lists	170	(4)
Controlling Time	174	(1)
The Daily To-Do List	174	(1)
Scheduling	175	(1)
The Time Map	176	(1)
Other Methods of Organizing Time	176	(1)
Time Abusers: Combating Unproductive Time	176	(5)
External Time Wasters	176	(3)
Internal Time Wasters	179	(2)
A Caution	181	(1)
Controlling the Paper Flood and Information Load	181	(3)
Retaining What You Need to Remember	184	(1)
Productivity---The Bottom Line	184	(1)
The Physiology of Productivity	185	(1)
Summary	185	(1)
Challenge Six	186	(1)
Discussion Questions	187	(1)
References	187	(1)
SECTION III MANAGERS AND THE SKILLS OF OTHERS
Training and Beyond	188	(34)
Introduction	189	(1)
Training versus Educating	189	(1)
Training as a Management Function	190	(2)
Training Philosophy	190	(1)
Training and Civil Liability	191	(1)
Variables Affecting Learning	192	(4)
Individual Variables	192	(2)
Task or Information Variables	194	(1)
Environmental/Instructional Variables	195	(1)
Implications	196	(1)
Principles of Learning	196	(3)
Effective Trainers	196	(1)
Training Pitfalls	197	(1)
Unsafe Teaching Styles and Practices	197	(1)
The Learning Curve	197	(1)
Retention	198	(1)
Instructional Methods	199	(5)
Lecture	199	(1)
Question/Answer Sessions	200	(1)
Discussion	200	(1)
Videoconferencing	201	(1)
Demonstration	201	(1)
Hands-On Learning	201	(1)
Role Playing	201	(1)
Case Studies and Scenario-Based Training	202	(1)
Simulations	202	(1)
Digital Game-Based Learning	202	(1)
Combination	203	(1)
Individual, Group or Entire Agency	203	(1)
Instructional Materials	204	(2)
Printed Information	204	(1)
Visuals	204	(1)
Bulletin Boards	204	(1)
Audiocassettes, Videocassettes and DVDs	205	(1)
Television Programs	205	(1)
Computer Programs	206	(1)
Other Training Options	206	(1)
Training Standards	206	(2)
Four Modes of Policing and Core Competencies	207	(1)
Basic Certification Instruction	208	(1)
Academy Training for New Recruits	208	(1)
On-the-Job Training	209	(1)
Field Training	209	(1)
In-House Training Sessions	209	(1)
Roll Call	210	(1)
Training at the Management Level	210	(1)
External Training	211	(2)
College Classes	211	(1)
Distance or E-Learning	212	(1)
Seminars, Conferences and Workshops	212	(1)
Ongoing Training---Lifelong Learning	213	(1)
The Training Cycle	213	(2)
Need Identification	213	(1)
Goal Setting	214	(1)
Program Development	214	(1)
Program Evaluation	215	(1)
Benefits of Effective Training Programs	215	(2)
The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994	217	(1)
Training, Community Policing and Terrorism	217	(1)
Summary	217	(2)
Challenge Seven	219	(1)
Discussion Questions	219	(1)
References	220	(1)
Cited Cases	221	(1)
Promoting Growth and Development	222	(32)
Introduction	223	(1)
Job Descriptions	223	(1)
The Workplace Culture	223	(4)
The Socialization Process	224	(1)
The Police Culture	224	(2)
Changing the Workplace Culture	226	(1)
Developing Positive Interpersonal Relationships	227	(4)
Self-Disclosure and Feedback	227	(1)
Goal Setting	227	(2)
Goals and Values	229	(2)
Balanced Performer Managers and Empowerment	231	(1)
Stages of Growth	231	(2)
Managers as Mentors	233	(1)
Developing Career Currency	233	(1)
Developing Positive Attitudes	234	(1)
Developing a Positive Image	235	(1)
Developing Cultural Awareness and Sensitivity	236	(6)
Racial Profiling	239	(3)
Developing a Sense of Ethics and Integrity	242	(7)
Accepting Gratuities	244	(3)
Misconduct	247	(1)
Unethical Behavior and Corruption	247	(2)
Promoting Ethical Behavior and Integrity	249	(1)
The Long-Range Importance of Developing Personnel	249	(1)
Managers as Motivators for Change	249	(1)
Evaluating the Climate for Growth, Development and Change	249	(1)
Summary	250	(1)
Challenge Eight	251	(1)
Discussion Questions	252	(1)
References	252	(1)
Cited Cases	253	(1)
Motivation and Morale	254	(33)
Introduction	255	(1)
Officer Retention, Motivation and Morale	255	(1)
Motivation Defined	256	(1)
Self-Motivation	257	(1)
Motivational Theories	257	(9)
The Hierarchy of Needs---Abraham Maslow	257	(4)
Two-Factor or Hygiene/Motivator Theory---Herzberg	261	(1)
Reinforcement Theory---Skinner	262	(1)
The Expectancy Theory---Vroom	263	(1)
Contingency Theory---Morse and Lorsch	264	(1)
The Rule of Four---McDonald	265	(1)
Causes and Symptoms of an Unmotivated Work Force	266	(1)
External, Tangible Motivators	266	(2)
The Compensation Package	266	(1)
Perks	266	(1)
Incentive Programs	267	(1)
Working Conditions and Schedules	267	(1)
Security	267	(1)
Social	267	(1)
Status	267	(1)
Internal, Intangible Motivators	268	(3)
Goals and Expectations	268	(1)
Encouragement	268	(1)
Achievement, Recognition, Growth and Advancement	269	(1)
Self-Esteem	269	(1)
A Feeling of Importance	270	(1)
Being Involved, Included and ``In'' on Things	271	(1)
The Law Enforcement Career as a Motivator	271	(2)
Job Rotation	272	(1)
Job Enlargement	272	(1)
Job Enrichment	273	(1)
Job Satisfaction and Community Policing and Problem Solving	273	(1)
Benefits of Motivated Personnel	273	(1)
Morale: An Overview	273	(2)
Indicators of Morale Problems	275	(1)
Reasons for Morale Problems	275	(2)
Building Morale	277	(3)
Promotions and Morale	280	(4)
Assessment Centers	281	(1)
Police/Family Programs	282	(1)
An Innovative Program for Maintaining Veteran Officers' Morale	283	(1)
Summary	284	(1)
Challenge Nine	285	(1)
Discussion Questions	286	(1)
References	286	(1)
SECTION IV MANAGING PROBLEMS
Discipline and Problem Behaviors	287	(32)
Introduction	288	(1)
Discipline Defined	288	(1)
Positive, Constructive Self-Discipline	289	(1)
Maintaining Positive Discipline	289	(1)
Knowledge of Rules, Regulations and Expected Behaviors	289	(1)
Typical Rules and Regulations for Law Enforcement Departments	289	(1)
Policy versus Discretion	290	(1)
Policies and Procedures Revisited	290	(1)
General Orders	291	(1)
Clarity of Role versus Creativity	291	(1)
Dealing with Problem Employees	291	(1)
Dealing with Difficult People	292	(2)
Serious Problem Behaviors	294	(8)
Abuse of Sick Leave	295	(1)
Substance Abuse	295	(1)
Corruption	296	(1)
Insubordination	296	(1)
Sexual Harassment	296	(2)
Use of Excessive Force	298	(2)
Use-of-Force Continuums	300	(1)
Passive Resistance	301	(1)
Negative Discipline/Punishment	302	(7)
Identifying the Problem Performer---Early Intervention Systems	302	(2)
Determining Penalties	304	(2)
Summary Punishment	306	(1)
Guidelines for Administering Negative Discipline	306	(1)
Steps in Administering Negative Discipline	307	(1)
Appeal	308	(1)
Legal Considerations	308	(1)
Comprehensive Discipline	309	(7)
The Balance of Consequences Analysis---Wilson Learning Corporation	309	(3)
The Price Method	312	(1)
One-Minute Managing	313	(2)
The Stroke Approach	315	(1)
A Fair Disciplinary System	316	(1)
Summary	316	(1)
Challenge Ten	317	(1)
Discussion Questions	317	(1)
References	317	(1)
Cited Cases	318	(1)
Complaints, Grievances and Conflict	319	(31)
Introduction	320	(1)
Complaints and Grievances Defined	320	(1)
Complaints	321	(7)
External Complaints	321	(3)
Internal Complaints	324	(4)
Complaint Policies	328	(1)
Handling and Investigating Complaints	328	(1)
Internal Affairs Investigations	329	(1)
Officers' Rights and Legal Procedures	330	(1)
Civilian Review Boards	331	(1)
Grievances	332	(2)
Causes	333	(1)
Resolving Grievances	334	(1)
Mediation and Arbitration	335	(1)
Disposition of Complaints and Grievances	335	(1)
Conflict	336	(1)
Contrasting Views of Conflict	336	(1)
Sources of Conflict	337	(2)
Individual Sources	337	(1)
Interpersonal Sources	337	(1)
Job-Related Sources	338	(1)
Sources of Conflict External to the Law Enforcement Organization	339	(1)
Responsibility for Conflict Management	339	(1)
Recognizing and Acknowledging Conflict	339	(1)
Managing Crisis Conflict	340	(1)
Handling Personal Attacks	340	(1)
Handling Disagreements between Others in the Department	341	(1)
Dealing with External Conflicts	342	(1)
Conflicts with Other Agencies	342	(1)
Conflicts with the Public	343	(1)
Dealing with Internal and External Politics	343	(1)
Maintaining Healthy Conflict	343	(2)
Avoiding the Suppression of Conflict	344	(1)
Understanding	344	(1)
Conflict Resolution Skills	345	(1)
Summary	346	(2)
Challenge Eleven	348	(1)
Discussion Questions	348	(1)
References	348	(1)
Cited Case	349	(1)
Stress and Related Hazards of the Job	350	(32)
Introduction	351	(1)
Stress Defined	351	(2)
Sources of Stress	353	(9)
Internal, Individual Stressors	354	(1)
Stress Related to Police Work	354	(5)
Administrative and Organizational Stressors	359	(1)
External Stressors	360	(1)
The Interplay of Stressors	361	(1)
Law Enforcement Personnel with Additional Stressors	362	(3)
Women Officers	363	(1)
Minority Officers	363	(1)
Rural and Small-Town Patrol Officers	363	(1)
Investigators	364	(1)
Managers/Supervisors	364	(1)
Effects of Stress---An Overview	365	(3)
Physical	365	(1)
Psychological	365	(2)
Behavioral	367	(1)
On the Job	367	(1)
Other Possible Major Effects of Stress	368	(3)
Alcoholism and Substance Abuse	368	(1)
Domestic Violence and Divorce	369	(1)
Depression	369	(1)
Suicide	370	(1)
Coping with Stress	371	(2)
Reducing Stress Levels	371	(2)
How the Organization Can Reduce Stress	373	(2)
Testing and Selection	373	(1)
Training	373	(2)
Ongoing Psychological Support	375	(1)
Programs to Prevent/Reduce Stress	375	(3)
Peer Support Groups	375	(2)
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing	377	(1)
Chaplain Corps	377	(1)
Other Stress Management Programs	377	(1)
Programs for the Family	378	(1)
The Role of the Manager/Supervisor	378	(1)
Summary	378	(1)
Challenge Twelve	379	(1)
Discussion Questions	380	(1)
References	380	(2)
SECTION V GETTING THE JOB DONE . . . THROUGH OTHERS
Deploying Law Enforcement Resources and Improving Productivity	382	(35)
Introduction	383	(1)
Deploying Personnel	384	(3)
Police Logs	385	(1)
Shifts	385	(1)
Proportionate Assignment	386	(1)
The Response	387	(1)
Response Time	387	(1)
Differentiated Response	387	(1)
Kinds of Patrol	388	(2)
Random Preventive Patrol	388	(1)
Directed Aggressive Patrol	389	(1)
Methods of Patrol	390	(2)
One-Officer versus Two-Officer Patrol Units	390	(1)
Take-Home Patrol Cars	391	(1)
Expanding the Law Enforcement Personnel Pool	392	(2)
Citizen Police Academies	392	(1)
Citizens on Patrol	392	(1)
Reserves	392	(1)
Volunteers	393	(1)
Explorers	394	(1)
Civilianization	394	(1)
Deploying Resources to Fight Crime	394	(4)
Mapping Crime	395	(1)
The Crime Triangle	396	(2)
Deploying Resources in Emergencies	398	(5)
Predisaster Plans	398	(1)
Available Assistance	399	(2)
Responding to an Emergency	401	(1)
After the Emergency	402	(1)
Deploying Resources for Homeland Security	403	(5)
The Department of Homeland Security	403	(2)
The USA Patriot Act	405	(1)
The Critical Role of Local Law Enforcement in Homeland Security	405	(2)
Best Practices in Homeland Security: An Overview	407	(1)
Law Enforcement Productivity	408	(1)
Measuring Law Enforcement Productivity	409	(1)
Productivity Problems	409	(1)
Improving Productivity	409	(3)
Technology	410	(1)
Intelligence-Led Policing	411	(1)
Leadership, Discipline, Motivation and Morale Revisited	412	(1)
Summary	413	(1)
Challenge Thirteen	414	(1)
Discussion Questions	415	(1)
References	415	(2)
Budgeting and Managing Costs Creatively	417	(29)
Introduction	418	(1)
Budget Defined	418	(1)
Types of Budgets	419	(1)
Purposes of Budgets	419	(1)
Budgeting and Accounting Terminology	420	(1)
Responsibility for Preparing the Budget	421	(1)
Typical Levels in Developing a Budget	422	(1)
The Budgeting Process	422	(3)
Determining Personnel Costs	423	(1)
Review of Last Year's Budget	423	(2)
Budgeting Systems	425	(1)
Budget Categories	426	(1)
Typical Allocations to Various Categories	426	(1)
Communication and Budget Support	427	(1)
Presenting the Budget for Approval	428	(1)
Monitoring	429	(1)
Cutback Budgeting	429	(3)
Causes of Cutback Budgeting	429	(1)
Doing More with Less	430	(2)
Managing Costs Creatively	432	(1)
Identifying Common Cost Problems	432	(1)
Employee Cost Improvement Suggestion Programs	433	(1)
Creative Ways to Reduce Costs	433	(3)
Sharing Resources	434	(1)
The Regional Approach or Consolidating Services	434	(1)
Community Resource Centers	435	(1)
Contracting	435	(1)
The Quartermaster System	435	(1)
Volunteers	435	(1)
Privatization	435	(1)
Increasing Revenue	436	(6)
Fundraising	436	(1)
Donations	436	(1)
Charging for Services	437	(1)
Asset Forfeiture	437	(1)
Grants	438	(4)
Other Sources of Funding	442	(1)
Summary	442	(1)
Challenge Fourteen	443	(1)
Discussion Questions	444	(1)
References	444	(2)
Hiring Personnel and Dealing with Unions	446	(30)
Introduction	447	(1)
The Importance of Hiring Well	447	(1)
Recruiting	448	(3)
The Shrinking Applicant Pool	448	(1)
Self-Appraisal	449	(1)
Recruiting Strategies	449	(1)
Recruiting for Diversity	450	(1)
The Selection Process	451	(7)
The Application	451	(1)
Testing/Screening	451	(5)
The Interview	456	(2)
Assessment Centers	458	(1)
Employment Criteria	458	(2)
Educational Requirements	458	(2)
Laws Affecting Employment	460	(3)
The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993	461	(1)
The Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994	461	(1)
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990	461	(2)
Affirmative Action	463	(2)
Labor Laws and Unions	465	(7)
Collective Bargaining	467	(1)
Types of Law Enforcement Unions	468	(1)
Reasons for Joining Law Enforcement Unions	469	(1)
Management versus Employee Rights	470	(1)
Management, Unions and Politics	470	(1)
Levels of Bargaining	471	(1)
Management and Unions Working Together	471	(1)
Collective Bargaining, Arbitration and the CEO	472	(1)
Summary	472	(1)
Challenge Fifteen	473	(1)
Discussion Questions	474	(1)
References	474	(1)
Cited Cases	475	(1)
Measuring Performance: Assessment and Evaluation	476	(28)
Introduction	477	(1)
Evaluation: An Overview	477	(1)
The Evaluation Cycle	477	(1)
Purposes of Evaluation	478	(1)
Inspections	478	(2)
Line Inspections	479	(1)
Spot Inspections	479	(1)
Staff Inspections	479	(1)
Performance Appraisals	480	(4)
Performance Criteria/Standards	481	(3)
Instruments for Performance Appraisals	484	(2)
Information for Performance Appraisals	484	(1)
Common Types of Performance Evaluations	485	(1)
Evaluation of Managers and Supervisors by Subordinates	486	(1)
Performance Interviews	486	(2)
Guidelines for Conducting Performance Appraisals	488	(1)
Problems of Performance Appraisals	489	(1)
Benefits of Performance Evaluation	490	(1)
Evaluating the Team	490	(1)
Evaluating the Entire Department	490	(2)
Recognizing Value in Policing	492	(4)
Using Internal Surveys to Evaluate an Agency	493	(1)
Evaluating Training	494	(1)
Accreditation	495	(1)
Accreditation and Community Policing	495	(1)
Evaluating Citizen Satisfaction with Services	496	(3)
Citizen Surveys	497	(2)
Other Ways to Assess Community Perceptions	499	(1)
Evaluation and Research	499	(1)
Challenging the Status Quo	500	(1)
Summary	500	(1)
Challenge Sixteen	501	(1)
Discussion Questions	502	(1)
References	502	(2)
Challenges in Managing for the Future	504	(27)
Introduction	504	(1)
Megatrends---Looking to the Future	505	(1)
Workplace Trends Affecting Law Enforcement	506	(2)
Drastic Times, Drastic Measures	507	(1)
Blurred Lines---Life or Work	507	(1)
Small World and Shrinking	507	(1)
New Faces, New Expectations	507	(1)
Work Be Nimble, Work Be Quick	507	(1)
Security Alert!	507	(1)
Life and Work in the E-Lane	507	(1)
A Higher Ethical Bar	508	(1)
Law Enforcement for the Future	508	(2)
A Basic Change in Needed Management Skills	508	(1)
A Changing Law Enforcement Officer	508	(1)
A Changing Public to Be Served	509	(1)
Major Challenges and Issues Facing Twenty-First Century Law Enforcement	510	(6)
The Drug Problem	511	(2)
Violence	513	(1)
Terrorism and Homeland Security	514	(2)
Advances in Technology	516	(3)
Futuristics	519	(2)
Basic Principles of Futuristics	519	(1)
Fundamental Premises and Goals	520	(1)
The Futures Working Group	521	(1)
The Need for Creativity and Innovation	521	(2)
Change Revisited	523	(4)
The Boiled Frog Phenomenon	523	(1)
Resistance to Change	523	(2)
The Change-Capable Organization	525	(1)
Acceptance of Change	526	(1)
Long-Term Change	526	(1)
Summary	527	(1)
Challenge Seventeen	527	(1)
Discussion Questions	528	(1)
References	528	(3)
Appendix A: Offenses and Their Penalties---Progressive Discipline	531	(2)
Appendix B: Sample Application Form	533	(4)
Appendix C: Sample Interview Rating Sheet	537	(2)
Appendix D: Accessibility Checklist for Complying with the ADA Regulations	539	(2)
Appendix E: Sample Affirmative Action Questionnaire	541	(1)
Appendix F: Redondo Beach Sworn Personnel Evaluation Form	542	(2)
Appendix G: Redondo Beach Pre-Evaluation Form	544	(1)
Glossary	545	(12)
Photo Credits	557	(2)
Author Index	559	(6)
Subject Index	565