Mandibular Growth Anomalies

by Obwegeser, Hugo L.; Luder, Hans-Ulrich

• ISBN13: 9783540672142
• ISBN10: 3540672141
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-12-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

The principal aim of this book is to identify and distinguish the variations in misregulation of mandibular growth by presenting relevant cases, which forms the basis of the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures presented. The individual chapters deal with the terminology of jaw anomalies, the necessary diagnostic prerequisites, treatment planning, and the principal surgical procedures which are commonly used to correct these anomalies. Historical and technical details as well as possible complications and how to deal with them and possibly avoid them are included and information on advanced instrumentation is given.

Table of Contents

Part I The Basics	1	(136)
How I Became a Cranio-maxillofacial Surgeon	3	(6)
Introduction	9	(4)
Aetiology of Jaw Anomalies	13	(4)
How to Diagnose Jaw Anomalies	13	(1)
Descriptive Terminology for Jaw Anomalies	13	(4)
Problems with the Current Terminology	13	(1)
What Is Normal?	14	(1)
Need for a Descriptive Terminology	15	(2)
Parts of the Facial Skeleton	17	(8)
The Mandible	17	(4)
Anomalies of the Mandible	17	(1)
The Horizontal Ramus	17	(1)
The Mandibular Body or Base	18	(1)
The Ascending Ramus	18	(1)
The Articular (Condylar) Process	18	(1)
The Muscle (Coronoid) Process	19	(1)
The Angle of the Mandible	19	(1)
The Chin and Its Anomalies	19	(1)
Measuring the Mandible	20	(1)
The Maxilla	21	(1)
The Maxillary Base and Its Anomalies	21	(1)
The Alveolar Processes	21	(1)
Anomalies of the Alveolar Processes	22	(1)
Abnormal Angulations	22	(1)
Long and Short Face	22	(1)
Open Bite Anomalies	22	(1)
Conclusion	23	(2)
Documentation for Diagnosis, Treatment Planning and Follow-up	25	(6)
Fundamentals Regarding Case Documentation	25	(1)
Who Provides These Documentation Data?	25	(1)
Clinical Investigations	25	(1)
Radiographic Documentation	26	(1)
Photographic Documentation	27	(2)
Request Form for Photographs	29	(1)
Plaster of Paris Models of the Teeth	29	(1)
Facial Mask Model of Plaster of Paris	29	(1)
Stereolithographic Reproduction of the Facial Skeleton	29	(2)
Scintigraphy, a Diagnostic and Treatment Planning Aid	31	(4)
Background Knowledge	31	(2)
Clinical Consequences	33	(2)
Principles in Treatment Planning of Facial Skeletal Anomalies	35	(4)
Philosophy of Corrective Surgery Planning	39	(4)
Mandibular Asymmetries	43	(2)
Aetiology of Mandibular Asymmetries	43	(2)
Mandibular Asymmetries Due to Embryonic Growth Abnormality	43	(1)
Mandibular Asymmetries Due to Adverse Postnatal Events During the Growth Period	44	(1)
Mandibular Asymmetries Due to Misregulation of Growth After Birth	44	(1)
Mandibular Asymmetries Developing After Growth Has Ceased	44	(1)
What Do We Know About Growth of the Mandible	45	(4)
Body and Ascending Ramus of the Mandible	45	(4)
The Angle of the Mandible	46	(1)
The Chin	46	(1)
The Alveolar Process	47	(1)
The Muscle (Coronoid) Process	47	(1)
The Condyle and Its Function	47	(2)
Clinical Experience Regarding the Influence of the Condyle on the Growth of the Mandible	49	(88)
Condylar Hypoactivity	49	(69)
Bilateral Condylar Hypoactivity	50	(16)
Unilateral Condylar Hypoactivity	66	(8)
Unilateral Congenital Mandibular Hypoplasia in Cases of Hemifacial Microsomia	74	(16)
Hemimandibular Hypoplasia Due to a Perimandibular Cavernous Haemangioma	90	(4)
Unilateral Condylar Hypoactivity Due to Condylar Damage by Adverse Factors in Early Childhood	94	(24)
Growth of the Mandible After Removal of Condyle?	118	(7)
Normal Growth of the Mandible After Removal of Condyle Destroyed Traumatically Early in Childhood	118	(4)
High Condylectomy Stops Hyperactivity Producing Excessive Hemimandibular Elongation with an Open Bite	122	(3)
Growth Behaviour of Bone Grafts to Mandibular Defects	125	(7)
Normal Growth of an Iliac Crest Graft Replacing the Ascending Ramus with the Condyle and Half of the Body in Childhood	125	(3)
Growth Behaviour of Rib Grafts to the Mandible	128	(4)
Deductions Drawn from These Clinical Cases	132	(5)
Part II Condylar Hyperactivity	137	(218)
Condylar Hyperactivity	139	(6)
Introduction	139	(1)
Three Types of Condylar Hyperactivity	139	(1)
Nomenclature for Condylar Hyperactivity Forms	140	(1)
Forms of the Condyles	140	(1)
Hypothesis of Pathophysiology	140	(1)
Aetiology of Condylar Hyperactivity	141	(1)
General Surgical Treatment Considerations	142	(1)
General Orthodontic Treatment Considerations	143	(1)
Prognosis	144	(1)
Hemimandibular Hyperplasia (H.H.)	145	(54)
Historical Cases	145	(1)
Unilateral Hemimandibular Hyperplasia	145	(45)
Clinical Appearance of Unilateral H.H.	145	(1)
Radiographic Findings of Unilateral H.H.	146	(1)
Variations in Unilateral H.H.	147	(33)
Differential Diagnosis of Unilateral Hemimandibular Hyperplasia	180	(10)
Bilateral Hemimandibular Hyperplasia	190	(9)
Differential Diagnosis of Bilateral H.H.	194	(5)
Hemimandibular Elongation (H.E.)	199	(84)
Main Clinical Features	199	(1)
Unilateral Hemimandibular Elongation	199	(43)
Nomenclature of H.E.	199	(1)
Radiographic Findings in Unilateral H.E.	200	(1)
Treatment Guidelines for Uni- and Bilateral H.E.	201	(40)
Differential Diagnosis of Unilateral H.E.	241	(1)
Bilateral Hemimandibular Elongation	242	(41)
Differential Diagnosis of Bilateral H.E.	278	(5)
Hybrid (Mixed) Forms of H.H. and H.E.	283	(28)
Treatment Guide Lines for H.H. and Hybrid Forms	309	(2)
Treatment During the Hyperactivity Phase	309	(1)
Treatment After Growth Activity Has Ceased	310	(1)
Orthodontic Treatment	310	(1)
Bilateral Combination Forms	311	(20)
Hemifacial Hyperplasia	331	(8)
Mandibular Growth Anomalies in Acromegaly	339	(8)
Histology of Condyles in Mandibular Growth Anomalies	347	(8)
General Considerations	347	(1)
Normal Condyles in Different Age Groups	347	(3)
Condyles in Mandibular Growth Anomalies	350	(3)
Condylar Hypoactivity	350	(1)
Condylar Hyperactivity	351	(1)
Hemimandibular Hyperplasia	351	(1)
Hemimandibular Elongation	352	(1)
Hybrid Forms	353	(1)
Summary	353	(2)
Part III Principal Surgical Procedures	355	(86)
Principal Standard Operation Techniques and Instruments	357	(2)
The Sagittal Splitting of the Mandible Procedure	359	(26)
Historical Background	359	(2)
My First Two Cases of the Sagittal Splitting Procedure	361	(6)
My First Attempt	361	(3)
The Real-First Sagittal Splitting Procedure on the Ascending Ramus	364	(3)
The First Sagittal Splitting Procedure Under General Anaesthesia	367	(4)
Modifications and Further Development of the Procedure	371	(6)
Dal Pont's Alteration of the Direction of the Lateral Cortex Cut	371	(1)
The Incomplete Sagittal Splitting of the Ascending Ramus	372	(1)
The Long Lateral Surface Splitting of the Horizontal Ramus	373	(1)
The Sagittal Splitting Procedure for Elongation of the Mandible in Its Horizontal and Vertical Dimensions	373	(2)
The Circular Splitting of the Mandible After J.A. Obwegeser	375	(1)
The Transoral Angle Osteotomy	375	(2)
My Technique for Many Years	377	(4)
Principal Complications and How to Deal with Them and to Avoid Them	381	(3)
Limits of the Sagittal Splitting Procedure	384	(1)
The Le Fort I-Type Mobilization Procedure	385	(32)
Terminology	385	(1)
Historical Background	385	(2)
Steps in the Development of the Le Fort I-Type Standard Operation Technique	387	(7)
The All-Decisive Case	389	(2)
The Final Step: Bone Grafts to the Osteotomy Defects	391	(2)
Closing the Defect of a Missing Tooth	393	(1)
Deep Frozen Bank Bone in Maxillary Advancement	393	(1)
First Case of Simultaneous Advancement of the Maxilla and Repositioning of the Mandible	394	(2)
Modifications and Further Progress	396	(8)
Kufner's Extended Osteotomy of the Maxilla	397	(1)
The Lower Two Thirds of the Facial Skeleton	398	(3)
The Whole Facial Skeleton	401	(3)
My Final Version of the Le Fort I-Type Mobilization	404	(8)
Narrowing and Widening the Maxilla	407	(1)
Mobilizing and Repositioning the Maxilla in Sections	408	(2)
Advantages for the Nose	410	(1)
Simultaneous Nasal Correction	411	(1)
Principal Complications, How to Deal with Them and How to Avoid Them	412	(5)
Influence on Speech Quality	414	(3)
The Transoral Chin Correction	417	(8)
Historical Background	417	(1)
My Final Method	418	(3)
Principal Complications, How to Deal with Them and How to Avoid Them	421	(2)
Problems During Surgery	421	(1)
Problems After Surgery	422	(1)
Deep Frozen Bank Bone	423	(2)
Masseter Muscle Hypertrophy and Bony Surplus	425	(8)
Clinical Findings	425	(1)
Historical Background	425	(1)
My Technique Since 1953	426	(5)
Principal Complications, How to Deal with Them and How to Avoid Them	431	(2)
Problems During Surgery	431	(1)
Problems After Surgery	431	(2)
Tongue Reduction	433	(4)
Historical Background	433	(1)
Definition and Classification of Macroglossia	433	(1)
Surgical Problems	433	(2)
Results	435	(1)
As I Always Did It	435	(1)
Complications	435	(1)
Consequences	436	(1)
Instruments	437	(4)
Where to Obtain the Instruments in Checked Quality	439	(2)
References	441	(6)
Subject Index	447