Manual of Clinical Microbiology

by Murray, Patrick R., Ph.D.; Baron, Ellen Jo; Pfaller, Michael A.; Tenover, Fred C.; Yolken, Robert H.

• ISBN13: 9781555811266
• ISBN10: 1555811264
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-04-01
• Publisher: Amer Society for Microbiology

Summary

For three decades the Manual of Clinical Microbiology has been recognized as the benchmark - the gold standard - for excellence among diagnostic microbiology books. That tradition of quality continues with the publication of the new seventh edition. Once again MCM provides all microbiologists, laboratorians, and infectious disease professionals with the definitive reference work for running an effective, state-of-the-art diagnostic laboratory. No other single resource offers such extensive, up-to-date, practical information presented in a concise and easily accessible format. MCM continues to set the standard for reliability and day-to-day utility as a reference work for all busy professionals in the diagnostic laboratory and infectious disease communities. Guiding the clinical microbiologist in the selection, performance, and interpretation of laboratory procedures, MCM focuses on the when and why of diagnostic procedures, as well as the how. It presents a direct approach to organizing information with thorough but concise treatments of all the major areas of microbiology, including new microbial discoveries, changing diagnostic methods, and emerging therapeutic challenges facing clinicians.

Table of Contents

Editorial Board	xi	(2)
Contributors	xiii	(8)
Preface	xxi
SECTION I GENERAL ISSUES IN CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY	1	(104)
PATRICK R. MURRAY
BETTY ANN FORBES
1 Introduction to the Seventh Edition of the Manual of Clinical Microbiology	3	(1)
PATRICK R. MURRAY
2 Laboratory Management	4	(19)
DAVID L. SEWELL
JAMES D. MACLOWRY
3 Commensal and Pathogenic Microorganisms of Humans	23	(10)
SUSAN E. SHARP
4 Specimen Collection, Transport, and Storage	33	(31)
J. MICHAEL MILLER
HARVEY T. HOLMES
5 Specimen Processing	64	(41)
BARBARA S. REISNER
GAIL L. WOODS
RICHARD B. THOMSON, JR.
DAVISE H. LARONE
LYNNE S. GARCIA
ROBYN Y. SHIMIZU
SECTION II THE CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY IN INFECTION CONTROL AND PREVENTION	105	(86)
MICHAEL A. PFALLER
RICHARD P. WENZEL
6 Infection Control Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology	107	(9)
JOHN E. McGOWAN, JR.
BEVERLY G. METCHOCK
7 Laboratory Procedures for the Epidemiologic Analysis of Microorganisms	116	(22)
ROBERT D. ARBEIT
8 Decontamination, Disinfection, and Sterilization	138	(27)
ANDREAS F. WIDMER
RENO FREI
9 Prevention and Control of Laboratory-Acquired Infections	165	(9)
ANDREAS VOSS
10 Investigation of Foodborne and Waterborne Disease Outbreaks	174	(17)
BALA SWAMINATHAN
JAMES BEEBE
JOHN BESSER
SECTION III DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGIES IN CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY	191	(55)
FRED C. TENOVER
GARY V. DOERN
11 Manual and Automated Systems for Microbial Identification	193	(9)
J. MICHAEL MILLER
CAROLINE M. O'HARA
12 Immunoassays for the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases	202	(13)
JAMES B. MAHONY
MAX A. CHERNESKY
13 Molecular Detection and Identification of Microorganisms	215	(31)
YI-WEI TANG
DAVID H. PERSING
SECTION IV BACTERIOLOGY	246	(586)
ELLEN JO BARON
PATRICK R. MURRAY
GARY V. DOERN
MARY JANE FERRARO
PETER H. GILLIGAN
J. MICHAEL JANDA
ALEXANDER VON GRAEVENITZ
14 Taxonomy and Classification of Bacteria	249	(13)
PATRICK A. D. GRIMONT
GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI
15 Algorithm for Identification of Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci	262	(2)
KATHRYN L. RUOFF
16 Staphylococcus and Micrococcus	264	(19)
WESLEY E. KLOOS
TAMMY L. BANNERMAN
17 Streptococcus	283	(14)
KATHRYN L. RUOFF
R. A. WHILEY
D. BEIGHTON
18 Enterococcus	297	(9)
RICHARD R. FACKLAM
DANIEL F. SAHM
LUCIA MARTINS TEIXEIRA
19 Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Stomatococcus, and Miscellaneous Gram-Positive Cocci That Grow Aerobically	306	(10)
KATHRYN L. RUOFF
GRAM-POSITIVE RODS
20 Algorithm for Identification of Aerobic Gram-Positive Rods	316	(3)
GUIDO FUNKE
21 Coryneform Gram-Positive Rods	319	(27)
GUIDO FUNKE
KATHRYN A. BERNARD
22 Listeria, Erysipelothrix, and Kurthia	346	(11)
JACQUES BILLE
JOCELYNE ROCOURT
BALA SWAMINATHAN
23 Bacillus and Recently Derived Genera	357	(13)
NIALL A. LOGAN
PETER C. B. TURNBULL
24 Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Gordona, Actinomadura, Streptomyces, and Other Actinomycetes of Medical Importance	370	(29)
JUNE M. BROWN
MICHAEL M. McNEIL
EDWARD P. DESMOND
25 Mycobacterium	399	(39)
BEVERLY G. METCHOCK
FREDERICK S. NOLTE
RICHARD J. WALLACE, JR.
GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
26 Algorithms for Identification of Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacteria	438	(4)
PAUL C. SCHRECKENBERGER
J. MICHAEL JANDA
JANE D. WONG
ELLEN JO BARON
27 Enterobacteriaceae: Introduction and Identification	442	(17)
J. J. FARMER III
28 Escherichia, Shigella, and Salmonella	459	(16)
CHERYL A. BOPP
FRANCES W. BRENNER
JOY G. WELLS
NANCY A. STROCKBINE
29 Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Serratia	475	(8)
SHARON ABBOTT
30 Yersinia and Other Enterobacteriaceae	483	(14)
STOJANKA ALEKSIC
JOCHEN BOCKEMUHL
31 Vibrio	497	(10)
DAVID L. TISON
32 Aeromonas and Plesiomonas	507	(10)
MARTIN ALTWEGG
33 Pseudomonas	517	(9)
DEANNA L. KISKA
PETER H. GILLIGAN
34 Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, Ralstonia, Brevundimonas, Comamonas, and Acidovorax	526	(13)
PETER H. GILLIGAN
SUSAN WHITTIER
35 Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Moraxella, Methylobacterium, and Other Nonfermentative Gram-Negative Rods	539	(22)
PAUL C. SCHRECKENBERGER
ALEXANDER VON GRAEVENITZ
36 Actinobacillus, Capnocytophaga, Eikenella, Kingella, and Other Fastidious or Rarely Encountered Gram-Negative Rods	561	(11)
REINIER MUTTERS
37 Legionella	572	(14)
WASHINGTON C. WINN, JR.
38 Neisseria and Branhamella	586	(18)
JOAN S. KNAPP
EMILY H. KOUMANS
39 Haemophilus	604	(10)
JOSEPH M. CAMPOS
40 Bordetella	614	(11)
JORG E. HOPPE
41 Brucella	625	(7)
DANIEL S. SHAPIRO
JANE D. WONG
42 Pasteurella	632	(6)
BARRY HOLMES
M. JOHN PICKETT
DANNIE G. HOLLIS
43 Bartonella and Afipia	638	(9)
DAVID F. WELCH
LEONARD N. SLATER
44 Francisella	647	(5)
JANE D. WONG
DANIEL S. SHAPIRO
ANAEROBIC BACTERIA
45 Algorithm for Identification of Anaerobic Bacteria	652	(2)
ELLEN JO BARON
DIANE M. CITRON
46 Clostridium	654	(18)
STEPHEN D. ALLEN
CHRISTOPHER L. EMERY
JEAN A. SIDERS
47 Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacterium, Lactobacillus, Actinomyces, and Other Non-Spore-Forming Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacteria	672	(18)
ARNE C. RODLOFF
SHARON L. HILLIER
BERNARD J. MONCLA
48 Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Other Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods and Cocci	690	(22)
HANNELE R. JOUSIMIES-SOMER
PAULA H. SUMMANEN
SYDNEY M. FINEGOLD
CURVED AND SPIRAL-SHAPED GRAM-NEGATIVE RODS
49 Algorithms for Identification of Curved and Spiral-Shaped Gram-Negative Rods	712	(4)
PATRICK R. MURRAY
50 Campylobacter and Arcobacter	716	(11)
IRVING NACHAMKIN
51 Helicobacter	727	(12)
JAMES VERSALOVIC
JAMES G. FOX
52 Leptospira and Leptonema	739	(7)
ROBBIN S. WEYANT
SANDRA L. BRAGG
ARNOLD F. KAUFMANN
53 Borrelia	746	(13)
TOM G. SCHWAN
WILLY BURGDORFER
PATRICIA A. ROSA
54 Treponema and Other Host-Associated Spirochetes	759	(18)
SANDRA A. LARSEN
STEVEN J. NORRIS
VICTORIA POPE
MYCOPLASMAS AND OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
55 Algorithms for Identification of Mycoplasmas, Ureaplasma, and Obligate Intracellular Bacteria	777	(5)
PATRICK R. MURRAY
56 Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma	782	(13)
KEN B. WAITES
DAVID TAYLOR-ROBINSON
57 Chlamydia	795	(12)
JULIUS SCHACHTER
WALTER E. STAMM
58 Rickettsia	807	(8)
DAVID H. WALKER
59 Coxiella	815	(6)
THOMAS J. MARRIE
DIDIER RAOULT
60 Ehrlichia	821	(11)
J. STEPHEN DUMLER
SECTION V VIROLOGY	832	(327)
ROBERT H. YOLKEN
DAVID A. LENNETTE
THOMAS F. SMITH
JOSEPH L. WANER
61 Taxonomy and Classification of Viruses	835	(8)
JOSEPH L. MELNICK
62 Algorithms for Detection and Identification of Viruses	843	(4)
ROBERT H. YOLKEN
DAVID A. LENNETTE
THOMAS F. SMITH
JOSEPH L. WANER
63 Human Immunodeficiency Viruses	847	(24)
JORG SCHUPBACH
64 Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Types I and II	871	(7)
CHARLENE S. DEZZUTTI
RENU B. LAL
65 Herpes Simplex Viruses	878	(10)
ANN M. ARVIN
CHARLES G. PROBER
66 Human Cytomegalovirus	888	(12)
RICHARD L. HODINKA
67 Varicella-Zoster Virus	900	(12)
ANNE A. GERSHON
PHILIP LARUSSA
SHARON P. STEINBERG
68 Epstein-Barr Virus	912	(7)
EVELYNE T. LENNETTE
69 Human Herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8 and Herpes B Virus	919	(9)
JOHN A. STEWART
JOANNE L. PATTON
EVELYNE T. LENNETTE
70 Influenza Viruses	928	(8)
THEDI ZIEGLER
NANCY J. COX
71 Parainfluenza Viruses	936	(6)
JOSEPH L. WANER
72 Respiratory Syncytial Virus	942	(9)
DEBRA A. TRISTRAM
ROBERT C. WELLIVER
73 Measles Virus	951	(8)
AIMO A. SALMI
74 Mumps Virus	959	(5)
ELLA M. SWIERKOSZ
75 Rubella Virus	964	(6)
MAX A. CHERNESKY
JAMES B. MAHONY
76 Adenoviruses	970	(13)
GORAN WADELL
ANNIKA ALLARD
JOHN C. HIERHOLZER
77 Rhinoviruses	983	(7)
MARIE L. LANDRY
78 Enteroviruses	990	(9)
HARLEY A. ROTBART
79 Rotaviruses	999	(6)
MARY L. CHRISTENSEN
80 Caliciviruses, Astroviruses, and Other Diarrheic Viruses	1005	(9)
MARTIN PETRIC
81 Hepatitis A Virus	1014	(11)
JINHUA XIANG
JACK T. STAPLETON
82 Hepatitis B and D Viruses	1025	(18)
F. BLAINE HOLLINGER
JULES L. DIENSTAG
83 Hepatitis C and G Viruses	1043	(10)
JUDITH C. WILBER
84 Hepatitis E Virus	1053	(17)
JOHN R. TICEHURST
85 Human Papillomavirus	1070	(10)
NANCY B. KIVIAT
86 Polyomaviruses	1080	(9)
EUGENE O. MAJOR
87 Human Parvoviruses	1089	(10)
MARIALUISA ZERBINI
MONICA MUSIANI
88 Rabies Virus	1099	(8)
JEAN S. SMITH
89 Arboviruses	1107	(18)
THEODORE F. TSAI
90 Filoviruses and Arenaviruses	1125	(12)
PETER B. JAHRLING
91 Poxviruses Infecting Humans	1137	(8)
SUSAN L. ROPP
JOSEPH J. ESPOSITO
VLADIMIR N. LOPAREV
GREGORY J. PALUMBO
92 Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies	1145	(14)
DAVID M. ASHER
SECTION VI MYCOLOGY	1159	(168)
MICHAEL A. PFALLER
ROBERT A. FROMTLING
93 Taxonomy, Classification, and Morphology of the Fungi	1161	(6)
DENNIS M. DIXON
JUDITH C. RHODES
ROBERT A. FROMTLING
94 Algorithms for Detection and Identification of Fungi	1167	(17)
WILLIAM G. MERZ
GLENN D. ROBERTS
95 Candida, Cryptococcus, and Other Yeasts of Medical Importance	1184	(16)
NANCY G. WARREN
KEVIN C. HAZEN
96 Pneumocystis	1200	(12)
W. KEITH HADLEY
VALERIE L. NG
97 Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Other Opportunistic Moniliaceous Fungi	1212	(30)
LYNNE SIGLER
MICHAEL J. KENNEDY
98 Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, Absidia, and Other Agents of Systemic and Subcutaneous Zygomycoses	1242	(17)
MALCOLM D. RICHARDSON
GILLIAN S. SHANKLAND
99 Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, and Other Dimorphic Fungi Causing Systemic Mycoses	1259	(16)
DAVISE H. LARONE
THOMAS G. MITCHELL
THOMAS J. WALSH
100 Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and Agents of Superficial Mycoses	1275	(20)
JULIUS KANE
RICHARD C. SUMMERBELL
101 Bipolaris, Exophiala, Scedosporium, Sporothrix, and Other Dematiaceous Fungi	1295	(23)
WILEY A. SCHELL
IRA F. SALKIN
LESTER PASARELL
MICHAEL R. McGINNIS
102 Fungi Causing Eumycotic Mycetoma	1318	(9)
ARVIND A. PADHYE
MICHAEL R. McGINNIS
SECTION VII PARASITOLOGY	1327	(140)
MICHAEL A. PFALLER
LYNNE S. GARCIA
103 Taxonomy and Classification of Human Parasites	1329	(7)
LYNNE S. GARCIA
DAVID A. BRUCKNER
104 Algorithms for Detection and Identification of Parasites	1336	(19)
LYNNE S. GARCIA
ROBYN Y. SHIMIZU
JOSEPHINE C. PALMER
105 Plasmodium and Babesia	1355	(10)
WILLIAM O. ROGERS
106 Leishmania and Trypanosoma	1365	(9)
DAVID A. BRUCKNER
JAIME A. LABARCA
107 Toxoplasma	1374	(9)
MARIANNA WILSON
JAMES B. McAULEY
108 Pathogenic and Opportunistic Free-Living Amebae	1383	(8)
GOVINDA S. VISVESVARA
109 Intestinal and Urogenital Amebae, Flagellates, and Ciliates	1391	(15)
AMY L. LEBER
SUSAN M. NOVAK
110 Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, and Isospora	1406	(7)
YNES R. ORTEGA
111 Microsporidia	1413	(8)
RAINER WEBER
ELIZABETH U. CANNING
112 Intestinal Helminths	1421	(15)
LAWRENCE R. ASH
THOMAS C. ORIHEL
113 Tissue Helminths	1436	(13)
THOMAS C. ORIHEL
LAWRENCE R. ASH
114 Arthopods of Medical Importance	1449	(18)
THOMAS R. FRITSCHE
SECTION VIII ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING	1467	(196)
FRED C. TENOVER
JAMES H. JORGENSEN
JOHN D. TURNIDGE
115 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: General Considerations	1469	(5)
JOHN D. TURNIDGE
JAMES H. JORGENSEN
116 Antibacterial Agents	1474	(31)
JOSEPH D. C. YAO
ROBERT C. MOELLERING, JR.
117 Mechanisms of Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents	1505	(21)
RICHARD QUINTILIANI, JR.
DANIEL F. SAHM
PATRICE COURVALIN
118 Antibacterial Susceptibility Tests: Dilution and Disk Diffusion Methods	1526	(18)
JAMES H. JORGENSEN
JOHN D. TURNIDGE
JOHN A. WASHINGTON
119 Susceptibility Testing of Fastidious Bacteria	1544	(11)
JANET A. HINDLER
JANA M. SWENSON
120 Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria	1555	(8)
DAVID W. HECHT
121 Special Phenotypic Methods for Detecting Antibacterial Resistance	1563	(15)
JANA M. SWENSON
JANET A. HINDLER
LANCE R. PETERSON
122 Genetic Methods for Detecting Antibacterial and Antiviral Resistance Genes	1578	(15)
FRED C. TENOVER
J. KAMILE RASHEED
123 Susceptibility Testing Instrumentation and Computerized Expert Systems for Data Analysis and Interpretation	1593	(8)
MARY JANE FERRARO
JAMES H. JORGENSEN
124 Antimycobacterial Agents and Susceptibility Tests	1601	(23)
CLARK B. INDERLIED
MAX SALFINGER
125 Antiviral Agents and Susceptibility Tests	1624	(16)
ELLA M. SWIERKOSZ
RICHARD L. HODINKA
126 Antifungal Agents and Susceptibility Tests	1640	(13)
ANA ESPINEL-INGROFF
THEODORE WHITE
MICHAEL A. PFALLER
127 Antiparasitic Agents and Susceptibility Tests	1653	(10)
PHUC NGUYEN-DINH
W. EVAN SECOR
SECTION IX REAGENTS, STAINS, AND MEDIA	1663	(46)
PATRICK R. MURRAY
KIMBERLE C. CHAPIN
128 Reagents	1665	(9)
TSAI-LING LAUDERDALE
KIMBERLE C. CHAPIN
PATRICK R. MURRAY
129 Stains	1674	(13)
KIMBERLE C. CHAPIN
PATRICK R. MURRAY
130 Media	1687	(22)
KIMBERLE C. CHAPIN
PATRICK R. MURRAY
Author Index	1709	(2)
Subject Index	1711