List of figures | p. xi |
List of tables | p. xv |
Preface | p. xvii |
Why mapping? | p. xviii |
How is the book organized? | p. xviii |
Who are the authors? | p. xx |
Who is this book for? | p. xxi |
How can the book be used? | p. xxii |
Acknowledgements | p. xxv |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Why do we use different languages? | p. 1 |
Ten ways we're led astray in language and applied linguistics | p. 4 |
Applied linguistics | p. 14 |
Bottom-up applied linguistics | p. 19 |
Activities | p. 21 |
Further reading | p. 21 |
Language in Everyday Use | p. 23 |
Language variation | p. 25 |
Language variation and social judgement | p. 26 |
Kinds of variation | p. 31 |
Standardization and 'non-standard' varieties | p. 36 |
Non-native varieties and World Englishes | p. 39 |
Linguistic insecurity and language loss | p. 45 |
Context and language practices | p. 48 |
Casting ahead | p. 49 |
Activities | p. 50 |
Further reading | p. 50 |
Key populations | p. 52 |
Issues in the naming of populations | p. 54 |
Issues in the categorizing of populations | p. 56 |
Populations characterized by the language(s) used | p. 57 |
Populations characterized by issues of access to language | p. 61 |
Populations characterized by the social role of language | p. 67 |
Populations characterized by their professional or academic interest in language | p. 72 |
Roles for applied linguists | p. 74 |
Activities | p. 74 |
Further reading | p. 75 |
Discourse analysis | p. 76 |
The pervasive relevance of discourse (analysis) | p. 78 |
Linguistic approaches to discourse analysis | p. 79 |
Social approaches to discourse analysis | p. 87 |
Themes in contemporary discourse analysis | p. 89 |
How can doing discourse analysis help the clients of applied linguists? | p. 94 |
Activities | p. 96 |
Further reading | p. 96 |
Language policy and planning | p. 98 |
Language decisions | p. 100 |
Corpus, status and acquisition planning | p. 107 |
Keeping languages alive | p. 112 |
Planning for access to services | p. 116 |
Language policy and planning in globalizing times | p. 118 |
Roles for applied linguists | p. 123 |
Activities | p. 125 |
Further reading | p. 126 |
Language, Learning And Education | p. 127 |
Literacy | p. 129 |
The expanding scope of literacy | p. 130 |
Writing systems and culture | p. 135 |
Literacy and individuals | p. 141 |
Child and adult literacies | p. 143 |
Academic achievement and the measurement of literacy | p. 148 |
Roles for applied linguists | p. 151 |
Activities | p. 151 |
Further reading | p. 153 |
Language and education | p. 154 |
The language of home, community and school | p. 156 |
Language as a medium in school | p. 165 |
Language as an object in school | p. 167 |
Educating linguistic minorities and learners with special needs | p. 168 |
Language, testing and assessment | p. 171 |
Roles for applied linguists | p. 172 |
Activities | p. 174 |
Further reading | p. 175 |
Bilingual and multilingual education | p. 176 |
Definitions and purposes | p. 177 |
Language-based frames | p. 179 |
Content-based frames | p. 181 |
Context-based frames | p. 188 |
Integrating the frameworks | p. 190 |
Characteristics of effective programmes | p. 191 |
Roles for applied linguists | p. 193 |
Activities | p. 195 |
Further reading | p. 196 |
Additional language education | p. 197 |
Contexts of additional language education | p. 198 |
The problem of method | p. 201 |
Individual learner differences | p. 204 |
Assessing additional languages | p. 209 |
Economic, cultural and political aspects of additional language education | p. 212 |
Roles for applied linguists | p. 218 |
Activities | p. 219 |
Further reading | p. 219 |
Language And Expert Uses | p. 221 |
Translation | p. 223 |
Contexts of translation | p. 225 |
Translatability and translation equivalence | p. 227 |
The translation process | p. 230 |
What do translators need to know? | p. 232 |
Types of translation | p. 234 |
Interpreting and audiovisual translation | p. 238 |
Technology in translation | p. 242 |
Roles for applied linguists | p. 245 |
Activities | p. 247 |
Further reading | p. 247 |
Lexicography | p. 249 |
Words in the mind and in society | p. 250 |
Authority or record? | p. 253 |
Uses and types of dictionaries | p. 258 |
Dictionary compilation | p. 261 |
Dictionaries as tools for learning | p. 270 |
Corpora, computers and the internet | p. 271 |
Roles for applied linguists | p. 273 |
Activities | p. 274 |
Further reading | p. 274 |
Forensic linguistics | p. 276 |
Language as legal medium and matter | p. 277 |
The language of the law | p. 278 |
Language and criminal investigation | p. 283 |
Language as the subject matter of law | p. 292 |
Discourse and different languages in the courtroom | p. 293 |
Roles for applied linguists | p. 297 |
Activities | p. 298 |
Further reading | p. 299 |
Language pathology | p. 300 |
Biological and social foundations of language | p. 301 |
Types of language pathology | p. 303 |
Assessment | p. 309 |
Treatment | p. 314 |
Roles for applied linguists | p. 319 |
Activities | p. 320 |
Further reading | p. 321 |
Prospects and perspectives | p. 322 |
The impact of new technologies | p. 323 |
The dissolution of borders | p. 329 |
The exercise of the profession | p. 335 |
Key predictions | p. 341 |
Final thoughts | p. 343 |
Activities | p. 343 |
Glossary | p. 346 |
Bibliography | p. 362 |
General Index | p. 390 |
Index of languages | p. 407 |
Index of places | p. 410 |
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