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Series Preface | p. xi |
Acknowledgements | p. xiii |
Abbreviations and Acronyms | p. xv |
Introduction: Approaching Messianic Jewish Theology | p. 1 |
The Question of Messianic Jewish Theology | p. 1 |
The Methodology of 'Mapping Messianic Jewish Theology' | p. 5 |
Defining Messianic Judaism | p. 8 |
Structure of the Study | p. 12 |
Previous Studies: Anthropology, Social Psychology and Historical Theology | p. 14 |
Previous Studies | p. 14 |
Anthropological Approaches | p. 14 |
A Marginalised Fundamentalist Sect | p. 14 |
Ethnic Judaism on the Church-Sect Continuum | p. 15 |
Revitalisation through Mazeway Resynthesis | p. 17 |
Theological Amalgam for a Hybridised Identity | p. 19 |
Construction of the Messianic Jewish Self | p. 21 |
Identity Formation and Boundary Negotiation | p. 22 |
Ethnographic Self-Understanding | p. 22 |
Conceptual Space on the Continuum | p. 24 |
Minor Studies | p. 24 |
Reflection on Anthropological Studies | p. 25 |
Social Psychological Approaches | p. 26 |
Brother or Other? Messianic Jews and JUBUs | p. 26 |
Minor Studies | p. 28 |
Historico-Theological Approaches | p. 28 |
New Religious Movement | p. 29 |
Neglected Element in Jewish-Christian Relations | p. 30 |
A Tool for Mission | p. 31 |
Seventh Branch of Judaism | p. 33 |
Previous Studies: Theological Studies by Practitioners | p. 35 |
Advocates and Practitioners | p. 35 |
Contextualisation and Rediscovery | p. 35 |
The Development of Messianic Jewish Theology | p. 37 |
Realised Eschatology | p. 37 |
Two Types of Messianic Judaism | p. 38 |
Field Guide to the Messianic Movement | p. 38 |
Strengths and Weaknesses of Previous Studies | p. 39 |
Theological Approaches | p. 40 |
Proposals for Messianic Jewish Theology | p. 40 |
The Quest for Messianic Jewish Theology | p. 43 |
Shaping Postmissionary Messianic Jewish Theology | p. 45 |
The Doctrine of God in Messianic Jewish Theology | p. 49 |
Introduction | p. 49 |
God in Judaism, Christianity and Messianic Judaism | p. 49 |
Creedal Statements | p. 51 |
Detailed Presentations | p. 52 |
Revelation | p. 54 |
General and Special Revelation (Maoz) | p. 54 |
The Supremacy of Special Revelation (Fruchtenbaum, Stern, Goldberg and Juster) | p. 55 |
Revelation in Yeshua (Juster) | p. 57 |
Canonical, Cumulative and Communal Revelation (Kinzer) | p. 58 |
The Existence of God | p. 60 |
God's existence as a 'given' | p. 60 |
God's Self-Existence (Goldberg) | p. 62 |
The Nature of God | p. 63 |
The Personhood of God (Maoz and Goldberg) | p. 63 |
The Essence of God (Maoz and Goldberg) | p. 64 |
The Attributes of God (Maoz) | p. 65 |
The Unity of God | p. 66 |
A Trinity of Persons (Maoz) | p. 66 |
Echad and Yachid (Fruchtenbaum) | p. 68 |
Biblical Trinitarianism (Stern) | p. 69 |
Composite Unity (Goldberg) | p. 69 |
Differentiation within the Godhead (Kinzer) | p. 72 |
Transcendence, Immanence and Omnipresence | p. 72 |
Presence and Immanence (Maoz) | p. 72 |
Sh'kinah and Incarnation (Juster, Stern and Goldberg) | p. 73 |
Omnipresence and Anthropomorphism (Goldberg and Stern) | p. 75 |
The Eternal and Infinite God | p. 77 |
The Meaning of 'Eternal' (Maoz) | p. 77 |
The Eternal King (Stern) | p. 77 |
Comprehending the Infinite (Goldberg) | p. 78 |
Omniscience and Omnipotence | p. 80 |
Foreknowledge and Predestination (Maoz) | p. 80 |
Beyond Human Understanding (Goldberg) | p. 82 |
The Perfection of God | p. 84 |
Self-sufficiency and Perfection (Maoz) | p. 84 |
Perfection as Completion (Goldberg) | p. 85 |
Creation and Consummation | p. 86 |
God the Creator and Sustainer (Maoz) | p. 86 |
The Creator and his Creation (Goldberg) | p. 87 |
Creation and Science (Stern) | p. 87 |
Creation as a Personal Act of Divine Love (Kinzer) | p. 88 |
Providence (Goldberg and Stern) | p. 90 |
Evil and a Righteous God of Love | p. 91 |
Justice and Mercy (Juster and Maoz) | p. 91 |
Theodicy and the Holocaust (Goldberg et al) | p. 92 |
Conclusion | p. 94 |
Yeshua the Messiah: The Shaping of Messianic Jewish Christology | p. 96 |
Introduction | p. 96 |
The Need for Christology | p. 98 |
Christology in Doctrinal Statements | p. 99 |
Assent to Creeds in Messianic Judaism | p. 100 |
Hugh Schonfield and the Divinity of the Messiah | p. 101 |
The Development of Christology | p. 102 |
Emerging Christologies | p. 103 |
Protestant and Evangelical | p. 104 |
Theocentric Christology | p. 104 |
The Pre-Incarnate Christ | p. 107 |
Recontextualised Nicene Christology | p. 108 |
The Trinity in the Dead Sea Scrolls | p. 109 |
Transcending Hebrew and Greek Categories | p. 110 |
Antinomies and Mysteries | p. 112 |
Jewishly Palatable and Theologically Precise | p. 113 |
Jewish Mystical Christology | p. 114 |
Christian Kabbalah | p. 114 |
Contemporary Mystical Exegesis | p. 118 |
Raising the Bar of Devotion | p. 122 |
The Hidden Messiah of Postmissionary Messianic Judaism | p. 123 |
Adoptionist Christology | p. 131 |
Monotheism and Idolatry | p. 132 |
Hebraic and Hellenistic Thinking | p. 133 |
Christian Unitarianism | p. 135 |
Conclusion | p. 137 |
Torah in Theory | p. 140 |
Introduction | p. 140 |
'Torah Negative' Views | p. 142 |
Messiah, not Moses (Fruchtenbaum) | p. 143 |
'Jewishness', not 'Judaism' (Maoz) | p. 144 |
Biblical Halacha Without Rabbinic Tradition (Nerel) | p. 147 |
'Torah Positive' Views | p. 150 |
'Torah Incognita' (Stern) | p. 150 |
'My Law on Your Heart' (Powlison) | p. 154 |
Variety With Guidelines (Goldberg) | p. 156 |
New Covenant Halacha (Juster) | p. 157 |
The Messianic Taryag Mitzvot (Michael Rudolph) | p. 160 |
Biblical Torah Without Rabbinic Tradition (Berkowitz) | p. 161 |
Biblical Re-Appropriation of Torah (Schiffman) | p. 162 |
Yeshua Kept Halacha - So Should We! (Fischer) | p. 163 |
Messianic Halacha not easy to define (Sadan) | p. 166 |
'Yes!' and 'No!' to Messianic Halacha (Shulam) | p. 167 |
Halacha - Messianic and Conservative (Kinzer) | p. 170 |
A Reflection of Yeshua's Heart (Hashivenu) | p. 174 |
Messianic Jewish Rabbinical Council | p. 176 |
Rabbinic Halacha for Messianic Jews | p. 179 |
Conclusion - Abandon, Adapt, Adopt or Accept? | p. 181 |
Torah in Practice | p. 184 |
Introduction | p. 184 |
The Diversity of Messianic Jewish Practice | p. 186 |
Surveys of Messianic Jewish Practice | p. 187 |
The Sabbath | p. 188 |
Sabbath with Gusto, But Not According to the Rabbis (Maoz) | p. 189 |
Preaching Law Whilst Practicing Grace (Fruchtenbaum) | p. 190 |
Biblical Sabbath Without Rabbinic Additions (Nerel) | p. 192 |
Freedom, Not A Requirement (Kasdan) | p. 193 |
Celebration Without Legalism (Juster) | p. 196 |
Following the Pharisaic Pattern (Fischer) | p. 197 |
Keeping the Sabbath Holy and Wholly (Kinzer) | p. 199 |
Summary | p. 203 |
Kashrut | p. 203 |
A Sign of Weakness (Maoz) | p. 204 |
A Ham Sandwich in Harlem (Fruchtenbaum) | p. 205 |
'Biblical Kashrut' (Kasdan) | p. 205 |
Cleanliness Laws Superseded? (Juster) | p. 207 |
Torah Still Valid - According to Yeshua (Nerel) | p. 207 |
Reinterpreting Mark 7:19b (Rudolph) | p. 209 |
Preventing the Abolition of the Jewish People (Kinzer) | p. 210 |
Summary | p. 212 |
Passover | p. 212 |
The Afikoman Not Inspired (Maoz) | p. 214 |
Lamb, not Chicken (Fruchtenbaum) | p. 215 |
The 'Biblical Pesach' (Nerel) | p. 216 |
Joyous Celebration Without Legalism (Juster) | p. 217 |
Redemption Typified (Kasdan) | p. 218 |
Misuse of Jewish Sancta? (Stern) | p. 219 |
Conclusion | p. 220 |
The Future of Israel | p. 223 |
Introduction | p. 223 |
Dispensational Premillennialism | p. 225 |
Historic Premillennialism | p. 227 |
Postmillennialism | p. 228 |
Amillennialism | p. 229 |
Previous Studies of Messianic Jewish Bschatology | p. 230 |
Development of a Messianic Jewish Bschatology | p. 233 |
Messianic dispensationalism (Fruchtenbaum) | p. 234 |
Messianic Historic Premillennialism | p. 237 |
A 'Millennium of Sorts' (Stern) | p. 237 |
Restorationist Historic Premillennialism (Juster) | p. 240 |
Messianic Amillennialism | p. 244 |
Studied Agnosticism (Maoz) | p. 244 |
Present and Future in Tension (Nichol) | p. 248 |
Re-Ordering the Messianic Jewish Canonical Narrative (Kinzer) | p. 250 |
Conclusion | p. 258 |
Conclusion: The Future of Messianic Jewish Theology | p. 262 |
Introduction | p. 262 |
Summary of Findings | p. 262 |
Approaching Messianic Jewish Theology | p. 262 |
The Doctrine of God | p. 262 |
Yeshua the Messiah | p. 263 |
Torah in Theory | p. 263 |
Torah in Practice | p. 264 |
The Future of Israel | p. 264 |
Identifying Messianic Jewish Theology | p. 264 |
A Typology of Messianic Jewish Theologies | p. 265 |
Eight Types of Messianic Jewish Theology | p. 267 |
The Future of Messianic Jewish Theology | p. 277 |
The Task of Messianic Jewish Theology | p. 277 |
Recognition of the Need for MJT | p. 277 |
Interdependency within MJT | p. 278 |
Discussion of Methodology | p. 279 |
Future Topics for Consideration in Messianic Jewish Theology | p. 279 |
Questions for Future Research | p. 283 |
Models For Messianic Jewish Theology as Theology and Contextual Theology | p. 283 |
Detailed studies of Messianic Jewish Theologians | p. 283 |
Theological Methodology and Interface with Cultural Studies | p. 284 |
Concluding Summary | p. 284 |
Appendix - Materials | p. 285 |
Primary Sources | p. 285 |
Rationale for the Use of Quotations | p. 285 |
Choice of Contributors | p. 285 |
Official Documents of Messianic Jewish Organisations | p. 287 |
Secondary Sources | p. 287 |
Bibliography | p. 288 |
Glossary | p. 309 |
Index | p. 312 |
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