Top
List of Symbols xix
1. Introduction 1
Learning Objectives 2
Summary 17
References 18
2. Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding 19
Learning Objectives 20
Atomic Structure 20
Atomic Bonding in Solids 30
Summary 45
Equation Summary 46
List of Symbols 46
Important Terms and Concepts 46
References 47
3. The Structure of Crystalline Solids 48
Learning Objectives 49
Crystal Structures 49
Crystallographic Points, Directions, and Planes 61
Crystalline and Noncrystalline Materials 79
Summary 88
Equation Summary 90
List of Symbols 90
Important Terms and Concepts 91
References 91
4. Imperfections in Solids 92
Learning Objectives 93
Point Defects 93
Miscellaneous Imperfections 102
Microscopic Examination 110
Summary 118
Equation Summary 119
List of Symbols 120
Important Terms and Concepts 120
References 120
5. Diffusion 121
Learning Objectives 122
6. Mechanical Properties of Metals 142
Learning Objectives 143
Elastic Deformation 148
Plastic Deformation 154
Property Variability and Design/Safety Factors 171
Summary 177
Important Terms and Concepts 178
References 178
7. Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms 180
Learning Objectives 181
Dislocations and Plastic Deformation 181
Mechanisms of Strengthening in Metals 193
Recovery, Recrystallization, and Grain Growth 199
Summary 206
Equation Summary 208
List of Symbols 208
Important Terms and Concepts 208
References 208
8. Failure 209
Learning Objectives 210
Fracture 211
Fatigue 229
Creep 240
Summary 246
Equation Summary 248
List of Symbols 249
Important Terms and Concepts 249
References 249
9. Phase Diagrams 251
Learning Objectives 252
Definitions and Basic Concepts 252
Binary Phase Diagrams 256
The Iron–Carbon System 287
Elements 298
Summary 298
Equation Summary 300
List of Symbols 301
Important Terms and Concepts 301
References 302
10. Phase Transformations: Development of Microstructure and Alteration of Mechanical Properties 303
Learning Objectives 304
Phase Transformations 304
Microstructural and Property Changes in Iron–Carbon Alloys 317
Summary 344
Equation Summary 345
List of Symbols 346
Important Terms and Concepts 346
References 346
11. Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys 347
Learning Objectives 348
Types of Metal Alloys 349
Fabrication of Metals 373
Thermal Processing of Metals 382
Summary 401
Important Terms and Concepts 403
References 403
12. Structures and Properties of Ceramics 405
Learning Objectives 406
Ceramic Structures 406
Mechanical Properties 428
Summary 439
Equation Summary 440
List of Symbols 441
Important Terms and Concepts 441
References 441
13. Applications and Processing of Ceramics 442
Learning Objectives 443
Types and Applications of Ceramics 444
Fabrication and Processing of Ceramics 461
Summary 476
Important Terms and Concepts 478
References 478
14. Polymer Structures 479
Learning Objectives 480
Summary 507
Equation Summary 509
List of Symbols 509
Important Terms and Concepts 510
References 510
15. Characteristics, Applications, and Processing of Polymers 511
Learning Objectives 512
Mechanical Behavior of Polymers 512
Mechanisms of Deformation and for Strengthening of Polymers 522
Crystallization, Melting, and Glasstransition Phenomena in Polymers 530
Polymer Types 536
Polymer Synthesis and Processing 549
Summary 560
Equation Summary 562
List of Symbols 562
Important Terms and Concepts 563
References 563
16. Composites 564
Learning Objectives 565
Particle-Reinforced Composites 567
Fiber-Reinforced Composites 572
Structural Composites 595
Summary 602
Equation Summary 605
List of Symbols 606
Important Terms and Concepts 606
References 606
17. Corrosion and Degradation of Materials 607
Learning Objectives 608
Corrosion of Metals 609
Corrosion of Ceramic Materials 639
Degradation of Polymers 639
Summary 644
Equation Summary 646
List of Symbols 646
Important Terms and Concepts 647
References 647
18. Electrical Properties 648
Learning Objectives 649
Electrical Conduction 649
Semiconductivity 659
Electrical Conduction in Ionic Ceramics and in Polymers 679
Dielectric Behavior 681
Other Electrical Characteristics of Materials 689
Summary 692
Equation Summary 695
List of Symbols 696
Important Terms and Concepts 696
References 697
19. Thermal Properties 698
Learning Objectives 699
Summary 711
Equation Summary 712
List of Symbols 712
Important Terms and Concepts 713
References 713
20. Magnetic Properties 714
Learning Objectives 715
Summary 742
Equation Summary 744
List of Symbols 744
Important Terms and Concepts 745
References 745
21. Optical Properties 746
Learning Objectives 747
Basic Concepts 747
Optical Properties of Metals 751
Optical Properties of Nonmetals 752
Applications of Optical Phenomena 761
Summary 770
Equation Summary 772
List of Symbols 773
Important Terms and Concepts 773
References 774
22. Environmental, and Societal Issues in Materials Science and Engineering 775
Learning Objectives 776
Summary 786
References 786
Appendix A The International System of Units (SI) A-1
Appendix B Properties of Selected Engineering Materials A-3
B.1 Density A-3
B.2 Modulus of Elasticity A-6
B.3 Poisson’s Ratio A-10
B.4 Strength and Ductility A-11
B.5 Plane Strain Fracture Toughness A-16
B.6 Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion A-18
B.7 Thermal Conductivity A-21
B.8 Specific Heat A-24
B.9 Electrical Resistivity A-27
B.10 Metal Alloy Compositions A-30
Appendix C Costs and Relative Costs for Selected Engineering Materials A-32
Appendix D Repeat Unit Structures for Common Polymers A-37
Appendix E Glass Transition and Melting Temperatures for Common Polymeric Materials A-41
Glossary G-1
Index I-1
