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9780521555135

Meaning, Expression and Thought

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780521555135

  • ISBN10:

    0521555132

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2002-11-11
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press

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Summary

This philosophical treatise on the foundations of semantics is a systematic effort to clarify, deepen and defend the classical doctrine that words are conventional signs of mental states, principally thoughts and ideas, and that meaning consists in their expression. This expression theory of meaning is developed by carrying out the Gricean programme, explaining what it is for words to have meaning in terms of speaker meaning, and what it is for a speaker to mean something in terms of intention. But Grice's own formulations are rejected and alternatives developed. The foundations of the expression theory are explored at length, and the author develops the theory of thought as a fundamental cognitive phenomenon distinct from belief and desire, argues for the thesis that thoughts have parts, and identifies ideas or concepts with parts of thoughts. This book will appeal to students and professionals interested in the philosophy of language.

Table of Contents

Preface xv
Introduction
1(18)
Meaning as the Expression of Thought
1(6)
The Gricean Program
7(3)
Systematization
10(2)
Analyses
12(7)
Part One Semantic Acts and Intentions
Speaker Meaning
19(24)
Speaker, Word, and Evidential Senses
19(6)
Cogitative versus Cognitive Speaker Meaning
25(4)
Meaning, Implication, and Expression
29(2)
Cogitative Speaker Meaning (Exclusive)
31(9)
Nonideational Meaning
40(2)
The Senses of Meaning
42(1)
Expression
43(20)
Speaker, Word, and Evidential Senses
43(1)
Indication
44(3)
Intention
47(7)
Simulation
54(2)
Occurrence
56(2)
General Definition
58(5)
Alternative Analyses
63(22)
Production of Belief
64(6)
Recognition of Intention
70(1)
Higher-Order Intentions
71(4)
Commitment and Truth Conditions
75(4)
Cogitative Speaker Meaning
79(6)
Communication
85(15)
The Gricean Analysis
86(2)
Communicating with
88(4)
Telling and Informing
92(1)
Communicating to
93(3)
The Transmission Model
96(4)
Reference
100(25)
Speaker Reference
101(3)
The Opaque-Transparent Distinction
104(12)
Intentionality
116(2)
Quantifying In
118(7)
Part Two Languages and Semantic Acts
Languages
125(37)
Language Models
126(3)
Systems of Modes of Expression
129(2)
Word Meaning and Expression
131(3)
Linguistic Variation
134(3)
Language Rules
137(4)
Rules for Ideo-Reflexive Reference
141(10)
Word Reference
151(1)
Using a Language
152(6)
Applied Word Meaning
158(4)
Basic Word Meaning
162(42)
Associational Analyses
164(2)
The Gricean Analyses
166(4)
The Truth Conditional Analysis
170(4)
The Sentential Primacy Thesis
174(15)
The Basic Neo-Gricean Analysis
189(9)
The Use-Interpretation Equivalences
198(3)
The Expression-Communication Equivalence
201(1)
The Expression-Indication Equivalence
202(2)
Conventions
204(25)
Definition
204(3)
Social Utility
207(1)
Self-Perpetuation
207(5)
Arbitrariness
212(4)
Regularity
216(3)
Correct Usage
219(6)
Lewis's Equilibrium Condition
225(1)
Mutual Knowledge
226(3)
Compositional Word Meaning
229(36)
The Productivity Problem
230(1)
The Potential Meaning Analysis
231(2)
The Recursive Neo-Gricean Analysis
233(8)
Implicature Conventions
241(3)
Nonspecific Conventions
244(3)
Objections to Compositionality
247(10)
The Grammaticality Restriction
257(3)
Anomalous Sentences
260(5)
Living Languages
265(30)
Linguistic Relativity
265(2)
Convention Dependence
267(5)
Linguistic Lineages
272(4)
Boundaries
276(4)
Language Death
280(2)
Natural and Artificial Languages
282(4)
Idiolects
286(2)
Conventions of Truthfulness
288(4)
The Kinds of Word Meaning
292(3)
Part Three Thoughts and Ideas
Thought
295(36)
The Cogitative Sense of Thought
296(5)
Belief versus Occurrent Thought
301(11)
Thinking as the Occurrence of Thoughts
312(5)
Thinking of Objects
317(4)
Occurrent Belief
321(5)
The First Law of Occurrence
326(5)
Sentences, Propositions, and Thoughts
331(37)
Thoughts versus Sentences
332(5)
Thinking Not a Relation to Sentences
337(5)
Propositions as Thoughts
342(3)
The Proposition that p
345(6)
Situations and Possible Worlds
351(2)
Semantic Theorems and the Mates Objection
353(15)
The Constituency Thesis
368(39)
Ideas as Thought-Parts
369(8)
The Constituency Thesis for Thoughts
377(16)
Subpropositional Constituents
393(6)
The General Constituency Thesis
399(5)
Mereological versus Logical Containment
404(3)
Ideas or Concepts
407(21)
Formal Definition
407(6)
Atomic Ideas
413(3)
The Conception of Concepts
416(3)
Content, Object, and Representation
419(3)
Extension or Reference
422(3)
The Content of a Thought
425(3)
The Possession of Concepts
428(19)
Possessing Concepts
428(4)
Nominalist Theories
432(1)
Recognition Theory
433(3)
Information Semantics
436(2)
Memory and Knowledge Theories
438(3)
Inferentialist Theories
441(1)
Understanding and Mastering
442(5)
The Acquisition of Concepts
447(14)
Acquiring Concepts
447(4)
Concept Learning and Innate Ideas
451(4)
Abstraction as a Basic Psychophysical Process
455(6)
The Association of Ideas
461(20)
Association
462(8)
Associationist Networks
470(3)
Association versus Constituency
473(3)
Connectionist Models
476(5)
Objects, Images, and Conceptions
481(38)
Ideas versus Objects of Thought
482(6)
Ideas versus Images
488(7)
Thinking versus Inner Speech
495(5)
Concepts versus Conceptions
500(13)
Prototype Structures
513(4)
What Is Left
517(2)
The Language of Thought Hypothesis
519(34)
Natural Language Theories
521(3)
Mental Language Theories
524(9)
Hidden Language Theories
533(2)
Uninterpreted Language Theories
535(7)
Computational Theories: Content
542(5)
Computational Theories: Process
547(6)
Part Four Ideational Theories of Meaning
Objections to Ideational Theories
553(26)
The Non-Entity Objection
555(7)
The Naming Objection
562(5)
The Sensationist Objection
567(4)
The Privacy Objection
571(1)
The Synonymy Objection
572(2)
The Identity Objection
574(5)
Priority Objections
579(20)
The Reflection-or-Ignorance Objection
580(6)
The Regress Objection
586(2)
The Definitional Circularity Objection
588(6)
The Metalinguistic Circularity Objection
594(5)
Imcompleteness Objections
599(9)
Undefined Terms
599(2)
Defining Thought
601(5)
Referential Semantics
606(2)
References 608(37)
Index 645

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