Mechanics of Materials

by Bedford, Anthony M.; Liechti, Kenneth M.

• ISBN13: 9780201895520
• ISBN10: 0201895528
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-08-29
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

KEY BENEFFIT:Mechanics of Materialspresents the foundations and applications of mechanics of materials by emphasizing the importance of visual analysis of topicsespecially through the use of free body diagrams. The book also promotes a problem-solving approach to solving examples through its strategy, solution, and discussion format in examples.Provides a problem-solving approach. Emphasizes visual analysis of topics in all examples. Includes motivating applications throughout the book.Ideal for readers wanting to learn more about mechanical, civil, aerospace, engineering mechanics, and/or general engineering.

Author Biography

ANTHONY BEDFORD is Professor of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics at the University of Texas at Austin. He received his B.S. degree at the University of Texas at Austin, his M.S. degree at the California Institute of Technology, and his Ph.D. degree at Rice University in 1967. He has industrial experience at Douglas Aircraft Company and at TRW, where he did structural dynamics and trajectory studies for the Apollo program. He has been on the faculty of the University of Texas at Austin since 1968.

Dr. Bedford's main professional activity has been education and research in engineering mechanics. He is author or co-author of papers on the mechanics of composite materials and mixtures and four books, including Engineering Mechanics: Statics and Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics published by Addison Wesley Longman. From 1973 until 1983 he was a consultant to Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

He is a licensed professional engineer and a member of the American Society for Engineering Education, the Society for Engineering Science, the American Academy of Mechanics, and the Society for Natural Philosophy.

KENNETH LIECHTI is Professor of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics at the University of Texas at Austin and holds the E. P. Schoch Professorship in Engineering. He received his B.Sc. in Aeronautical Engineering at Glasgow University and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Aeronautics at the California Institute of Technology. He gained industrial experience at General Dynamics Fort Worth Division prior to joining the faculty of the University of Texas at Austin in 1982.

Dr. Liechti's main areas of teaching and research are in the mechanics of materials and fracture mechanics. He is the author or co-author of papers on interfacial fracture, fracture in adhesively bonded joints, and the nonlinear behavior of polymers. He has consulted on fracture problems with several companies.

He is a fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and a member of the Society for Experimental Mechanics, the American Academy of Mechanics, and the Adhesion Society. He is an associate editor of the journal Experimental Mechanics.

Table of Contents

About the Authors	xi
Preface	xiii
Introduction	2	(26)
Engineering and the Mechanics of Materials	4	(1)
Units and Numbers	5	(1)
International System of Units	5	(1)
U.S. Customary Units	5	(1)
Use of Numbers	6	(1)
Review of Statics	6	(22)
Free-Body Diagrams	6	(2)
Equilibrium	8	(2)
Structures	10	(5)
Centroids	15	(2)
Distributed Forces	17	(4)
Problems	21	(7)
Measures of Stress and Strain	28	(32)
Stresses	30	(9)
Traction, Normal Stress, and Shear Stress	30	(1)
Average Stresses	31	(8)
Strains	39	(21)
Extensional Strain	39	(2)
Shear Strain	41	(4)
Chapter Summary	45	(1)
Problems	46	(14)
Axially Loaded Bars	60	(76)
Stresses in Prismatic Bars	62	(10)
Stresses on Perpendicular Planes	62	(6)
Stresses on Oblique Planes	68	(4)
Strains in Prismatic Bars	72	(9)
Axial Strain and Modulus of Elasticity	72	(1)
Lateral Strain and Poisson's Ratio	73	(8)
Statically Indeterminate Problems	81	(10)
Example	82	(1)
Flexibility and Stiffness Methods	83	(8)
Nonprismatic Bars and Distributed Loads	91	(9)
Bars with Gradually Varying Cross Sections	91	(2)
Distributed Axial Loads	93	(7)
Thermal Strains	100	(5)
Material Behavior	105	(7)
Axial Force Tests	105	(5)
Other Aspects of Material Behavior	110	(2)
Design Issues	112	(24)
Allowable Stress	113	(1)
Other Design Considerations	113	(1)
Chapter Summary	114	(3)
Problems	117	(19)
Torsion	136	(50)
Pure Shear Stress	138	(3)
State of Stress	138	(1)
Shear Modulus	138	(1)
Stresses on Oblique Planes	139	(2)
Torsion of Prismatic Circular Bars	141	(8)
Stresses and Strains	141	(3)
Polar Moment of Inertia	144	(2)
Positive Directions of the Torque and Angle of Twist	146	(3)
Statically Indeterminate Problems	149	(1)
Nonprismatic Bars and Distributed Loads	150	(6)
Bars with Gradually Varying Cross Sections	150	(3)
Distributed Torsional Loads	153	(3)
Torsion of an Elastic-Perfectly Plastic Circular Bar	156	(4)
Torsion of Thin-Walled Tubes	160	(7)
Stress	160	(3)
Angle of Twist	163	(4)
Design Issues	167	(19)
Cross Sections	167	(1)
Allowable Stress	168	(3)
Chapter Summary	171	(3)
Problems	174	(12)
States of Stress	186	(62)
Components of Stress	188	(3)
Transformations of Plane Stress	191	(15)
Coordinate Transformations	192	(5)
Maximum and Minimum Stresses	197	(9)
Mohr's Circle for Plane Stress	206	(11)
Constructing the Circle	206	(1)
Why Mohr's Circle Works	207	(1)
Determining Principal Stresses and the Maximum In-Plane Shear Stress	208	(9)
Principal Stresses in Three Dimensions	217	(4)
General State of Stress	218	(1)
Triaxial Stress	219	(2)
Design Issues: Pressure Vessels	221	(7)
Spherical Vessels	221	(2)
Cylindrical Vessels	223	(4)
Allowable Stress	227	(1)
Tetrahedron Argument	228	(20)
Determining the Traction	228	(2)
Determining the Normal and Shear Stresses	230	(3)
Chapter Summary	233	(3)
Problems	236	(12)
States of Strain	248	(44)
Components of Strain	250	(2)
Transformations of Plane Strain	252	(12)
Strain Gauge Rosette	254	(3)
Maximum and Minimum Strains	257	(7)
Mohr's Circle for Plane Strain	264	(6)
Constructing the Circle	265	(1)
Determining Principal Strains and the Maximum In-Plane Shear Strain	266	(4)
Stress-Strain Relations	270	(22)
Linearly Elastic Materials	270	(1)
Isotropic Materials	271	(8)
Chapter Summary	279	(5)
Problems	284	(8)
Internal Forces and Moments in Beams	292	(30)
Axial Force, Shear Force, and Bending Moment	294	(4)
Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams	298	(7)
Equations Relating Distributed Load, Shear Force, and Bending Moment	305	(17)
Chapter Summary	314	(1)
Problems	315	(7)
Stresses in Beams	322	(82)
Normal Stress	324	(1)
Distribution of the Stress	324	(14)
Geometry of Deformation	325	(3)
Relation between Normal Stress and Bending Moment	328	(2)
Beams Subjected to Arbitrary Loads	330	(8)
Design Issues	338	(5)
Cross Sections	338	(2)
Allowable Stress	340	(3)
Composite Beams	343	(4)
Elastic-Perfectly Plastic Beams	347	(8)
Unsymmetric Cross Sections	355	(8)
Moment Exerted about a Principal Axis	355	(3)
Moment Exerted about an Arbitrary Axis	358	(4)
Shear Stress	362	(1)
Distribution of the Average Stress	363	(8)
Shear Formula	363	(3)
Rectangular Cross Section	366	(5)
Thin-Walled Cross Sections	371	(6)
Shear Center	377	(27)
Chapter Summary	385	(5)
Problems	390	(14)
Deflections of Beams	404	(34)
Determination of the Deflection	406	(8)
Differential Equation	406	(2)
Boundary Conditions	408	(6)
Statically Indeterminate Beams	414	(5)
Deflections Using the Fourth-Order Equation	419	(5)
Differential Equation	419	(1)
Boundary Conditions	420	(4)
Method of Superposition	424	(14)
Chapter Summary	429	(1)
Problems	430	(8)
Buckling of Columns	438	(38)
Euler Buckling Load	440	(7)
Other End Conditions	447	(14)
Analysis of the Deflection	447	(11)
Effective Length	458	(3)
Eccentric Loads	461	(15)
Analysis of the Deflection	461	(3)
Secant Formula	464	(3)
Chapter Summary	467	(2)
Problems	469	(7)
Energy Methods	476	(26)
Work and Energy	478	(11)
Work	478	(2)
Strain Energy	480	(2)
Applications	482	(7)
Castigliano's Second Theorem	489	(13)
Derivation	489	(2)
Applications	491	(5)
Chapter Summary	496	(2)
Problems	498	(4)
Criteria for Failure and Fracture	502	(121)
Failure	504	(16)
Overloads	504	(8)
Repeated Loads	512	(8)
Stress Concentrations	520	(7)
Axially Loaded Bars	520	(1)
Torsion	521	(3)
Bending	524	(3)
Fracture	527	(22)
Overloads and Fast Crack Growth	528	(7)
Repeated Loads and Slow Crack Growth	535	(4)
Chapter Summary	539	(3)
Problems	542	(7)
Appendices
A Results from Mathematics	549	(6)
B Material Properties	555	(4)
C Centroids and Moments of Inertia	559	(30)
C-1 Centroids of Areas	559	(4)
C-2 Composite Areas	563	(3)
C-3 Moments of Inertia of Areas	566	(4)
C-4 Parallel Axis Theorems	570	(7)
C-5 Rotated and Principal Axes	577	(6)
Problems	583	(6)
D Properties of Areas	589	(4)
E Deflections and Slopes of Prismatic Beams	593	(6)
F Isotropic Stress-Strain Relations	599	(6)
G Answers to Even-Numbered Problems	605	(18)
Index	623