Mechanics of Offshore Pipelines

by Kyriakides; Corona

• ISBN13: 9780080467320
• ISBN10: 0080467326
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-07-26
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

Key Features: Written by one of the most eminent researchers in this field, Capacity and limit states for tubular structures, Geometric and mechanical property characteristics of tubular structures, Design recommendations aimed at the practicing professional. As exploration and production of oil and gas move to deeper waters, a precise understanding of the mechanical behavior of tubular structures becomes increasingly important. The increasing external pressure combined with the hostility of the environment, place stringent demands on the design, installation and operation of pipelines, flowlines, risers and casing. The first book in a three book series, Mechanics of Offshore Pipelined, Volume One: Buckling and Collapse provides an in-depth understanding of the major limit states that affect these structures, ranging from collapse under external pressure to burst under internal pressure, as well as how these factors can affect the manufacture of the pipes. their installation, and their long term operation on the sea floor. The book includes an introduction to offshore facilities and pipeline installation methods used to motivate the limit states considered. A chapter on pipe and tube manufacturing processes outlines the geometric and mechanical property characteristics of tubulars used in this industry. The next nine chapters analyze several of the limit states encountered, including local buckling and collapse caused by pressure, bending, tension, compression and combinations of these. Book jacket.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
Introduction	p. 1
Offshore Pipeline Design Considerations	p. 6
Buckling and Collapse of Structures	p. 8
Buckle Propagation in Offshore Pipelines	p. 12
Offshore Facilities and Pipeline Installation Methods	p. 15
Offshore Platforms and Related Production Systems	p. 16
Fixed Platforms	p. 16
Floating and Tethered Platforms	p. 22
Offshore Pipeline Installation Methods	p. 34
S-Lay	p. 34
J-Lay	p. 38
Reeling	p. 43
Towing	p. 48
The Mardi Gras Project	p. 52
Pipe and Tube Manufacturing Processes	p. 59
Steelmaking for Line Pipe	p. 60
Strengthening of Steel	p. 60
Plate Production	p. 63
Steelmaking	p. 64
Vertical Continuous Casting of Slabs	p. 64
Plate Rolling	p. 65
Seamless Pipe	p. 70
Continuous Casting of Round Billets	p. 70
Plug Mill	p. 72
Mandrel Mill	p. 74
Pilger Mill	p. 76
Electric Resistance Welded Pipe	p. 78
Spiral Weld Pipe	p. 80
UOE Pipe Manufacture	p. 81
JCO Forming	p. 86
Buckling and Collapse Under External Pressure	p. 89
Elastic Buckling	p. 89
Imperfect Pipe	p. 92
Plastic Buckling	p. 94
Lateral Pressure	p. 96
Hydrostatic Pressure	p. 97
Pressure with Zero Axial Strain	p. 97
Nonlinear Formulation	p. 99
Kinematics	p. 100
Constitutive Behavior	p. 100
Principle of Virtual Work	p. 101
Examples	p. 102
Factors Affecting Pipe Collapse	p. 104
Collapse Pressure Experiments	p. 104
Prediction of Collapse Pressures	p. 106
Effect of Initial Ovality	p. 108
Type of Pressure Loading	p. 111
Wall Thickness Variations	p. 112
Effect of Material Stress-Strain Response	p. 114
Residual Stresses	p. 115
Anisotropic Yielding	p. 115
An Approximate Estimate of Collapse Pressure	p. 117
Representative Seamless Pipe Imperfections	p. 118
Imperfection Scanning System	p. 118
Data Reduction	p. 119
Four Examples	p. 121
Conclusions and Design Recommendations	p. 128
Collapse of UOE Pipe Under External Pressure	p. 131
Collapse Pressure of UOE Pipe	p. 131
Prediction of Collapse Pressure of UOE Pipe	p. 136
Improvement of Compressive Properties by Heat Treatment of the Pipe	p. 137
One-Dimensional Model of UOE Pipe Forming	p. 140
Two-Dimensional Models of UOE/UOC	p. 144
UOE/UOC Forming Steps	p. 144
Numerical Simulation	p. 147
An Example of UOE Forming	p. 148
Parametric Study-Optimization of UOE/UOC	p. 155
Conclusions and Recommendations	p. 161
Collapse of Dented Pipes Under External Pressure	p. 164
Dent Characteristics	p. 164
Denting and Collapse Experiments	p. 165
Indention	p. 165
Collapse Experiments	p. 168
Modeling of Denting and Collapse	p. 170
Prediction of Collapse Pressure of Dented Tubes	p. 171
Universal Collapse Resistance Curves for Dented Pipes	p. 175
Localization of Collapse Under External Pressure	p. 175
The Universal Collapse Resistance Curve	p. 177
Conclusions and Recommendations	p. 180
Buckling and Collapse Under Combined External Pressure and Tension	p. 181
Elastic Buckling	p. 183
Plastic Buckling	p. 185
Nonlinear Formulation	p. 186
Examples	p. 187
Collapse Under External Pressure and Tension	p. 188
Experimental Results and Numerical Predictions	p. 190
Additional Parametric Study	p. 192
Conclusions and Recommendations	p. 194
Inelastic Response, Buckling and Collapse Under Pure Bending	p. 196
Features of Inelastic Bending	p. 196
Bending Experiments	p. 198
Formulation	p. 208
Kinematics	p. 209
Constitutive Behavior	p. 210
Principle of Virtual Work	p. 210
Bifurcation Buckling Under Pure Bending	p. 211
Predictions	p. 214
Parametric Study	p. 219
Summary and Recommendations	p. 223
Buckling and Collapse Under Combined Bending and External Pressure	p. 225
Features of Inelastic Bending of Tubes Under External Pressure	p. 225
Combined Bending-External Pressure Experiments	p. 226
Test Facilities	p. 227
Experimental Results	p. 229
Formulation	p. 233
Principle of Virtual Work	p. 234
Bifurcation Buckling Under Combined Bending and External Pressure	p. 235
Predictions	p. 235
Factors That Affect Collapse	p. 238
Effect of Hardening Rule	p. 238
Bifurcation Buckling	p. 239
Effect of Residual Stresses	p. 240
Asymmetric Modes of Collapse	p. 243
Effect of Wall Thickness Variations	p. 248
Effect of Material Stress-Strain Response	p. 249
Effect of Anisotropic Yielding	p. 250
Collapse of UOE Pipe Bent Under External Pressure	p. 251
Experiments	p. 252
Analysis	p. 256
Conclusions and Recommendations	p. 257
Inelastic Response Under Combined Bending and Tension	p. 260
Features of Tube Bending Under Tension	p. 261
Combined Bending-Tension Experiments	p. 261
Test Facility	p. 261
Experimental Procedure and Results	p. 264
Formulation	p. 270
Predictions	p. 274
Simulation of Experiments	p. 274
Parametric Study	p. 275
Effect of Loading Path	p. 275
Transverse Force on Axis of Pipe	p. 276
Effect of Curvature	p. 276
Effect of Yield Anisotropy and Residual Stresses	p. 277
Conclusions and Recommendations	p. 278
Plastic Buckling and Collapse Under Axial Compression	p. 280
Features of Axial Plastic Buckling	p. 281
Axial Buckling Experiments	p. 283
Experimental Setup	p. 283
Experimental Results	p. 285
Onset of Axisymmetric Wrinkling	p. 293
Formulation	p. 293
Predictions	p. 296
Evolution of Wrinkling	p. 297
Kinematics	p. 297
Principle of Virtual Work	p. 299
Constitutive Equations	p. 299
Axisymmetric Solution	p. 299
Localization of Axisymmetric Wrinkling	p. 304
Bifurcation into Non-Axisymmetric Buckling Modes	p. 305
Non-Axisymmetric Buckling and Collapse	p. 308
Results	p. 309
Parametric Study	p. 314
Summary and Recommendations	p. 316
Combined Internal Pressure and Axial Compression	p. 319
Combined Axial Compression-Internal Pressure Experiments	p. 319
Experimental Set-Up	p. 320
Experimental Results	p. 321
Onset of Axisymmetric Wrinkling	p. 327
Formulation	p. 327
Predictions	p. 328
Evolution of Wrinkling	p. 329
Parametric Study	p. 332
Summary and Recommendations	p. 334
Elements of Plasticity Theory	p. 336
Preliminaries	p. 336
Aspects of Uniaxial Behavior	p. 336
Discontinuous Yielding	p. 339
Multiaxial Behavior	p. 342
Yield Criteria	p. 342
Incremental Plasticity	p. 345
The Flow Rule	p. 345
J[subscript 2] Flow Theory with Isotropic Hardening	p. 346
The Deformation Theory of Plasticity	p. 349
The J[subscript 2] Deformation Theory	p. 349
Incremental J[subscript 2] Deformation Theory	p. 350
Anisotropic Deformation Theory	p. 351
Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening	p. 352
The Drucker-Palgen Model [13.19]	p. 353
The Dafalias-Popov Two-Surface Model	p. 355
The Tseng-Lee Two-Surface Model	p. 358
Mechanical Testing	p. 361
Tensile and Compressive Material Stress-Strain Responses	p. 361
Tension Tests	p. 361
Compression Tests	p. 363
Toughness	p. 365
Charpy V-Notch Impact Test (CVN)	p. 365
Drop-Weight Tear Test (DWTT)	p. 368
Hardness Tests	p. 368
Residual Stresses	p. 369
Plastic Anisotropy in Tubes	p. 371
Anisotropy Tests	p. 371
Lateral Pressure Test	p. 372
Hydrostatic Pressure Test	p. 373
Torsion Test	p. 374
The Ramberg-Osgood Stress-Strain Fit	p. 376
Sanders' Circular Cylindrical Shell Equations	p. 378
Stress-Strain Fitting for the Dafalias-Popov Model	p. 380
Stress-Strain Fitting for the Tseng-Lee Model	p. 383
Glossary and Nomenclature	p. 386
Units and Conversions	p. 393
Index	p. 395
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.