Medical-Surgical Nursing; Clinical Management for Positive Outcomes, Single Volume

by Black & Hawks

• ISBN13: 9780721602202
• ISBN10: 0721602207
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-06-23
• Publisher: ELSEVIER SAUNDERS PUBLISHING

Summary

Each edition of Medical-Surgical Nursing has not only covered new developments in nursing, it has actively anticipated trends and advances. The 7th edition keeps readers on the cutting edge with the very latest information on nursing practice. It presents more detailed coverage of basic anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, medical management, and nursing care than any other book available. Its focus on clinical outcome management emphasizes patient outcomes and makes the material understandable. A completely new design integrates information in the book with web enhancements on the accompanying Evolve website, such as online exercises, care plans, client education guides, and clinical pathways, as well as more on chapter topics such as diversity, ethics, religious beliefs affecting health care, and more. Evidence Based Practice in Action boxes in certain management chapters present a synopsis of the research with 4-5 supporting article summaries, to help readers understand the clinical significance of a problem. This feature has been revised for this edition. Concept Maps link pathophysiological processes, clinical manifestations, and medical and nursing interventions. A concept map creator on Evolve further enhances learning (Online). Complementary & Alternative Therapy boxes throughout the text highlight nontraditional therapies used by clients and healthcare providers to treat various conditions. This feature has been completely rewritten for this edition. Case studies present complex client scenarios with in-depth clinical problems, most with multiple clinical problems. An introduction in the text ties each case to chapter content, and specific details about the case are presented on Evolve, followed by discussions, multiple-choice questions, and a nursing care plan (Online). Thinking Critically Questions conclude each nursing care chapter and pose short, typical client scenarios followed by questions about what actions to take. Discussions of all the questions on Evolve provide insight into the reasoning behind appropriate actions (Online). Diversity in Health Care boxes feature discussions of health and illness related to particular populations. Client Education Guides provide examples worded in client-centered language demonstrate how to teach clients to collaborate in their own care. Care plans are a tabular presentation of nursing care, using the nursing process format, highlighting both nursing diagnoses and collaborative problems, expected outcomes, interventions with rationale, and evaluation. Ethical Issues in Nursing discussions present an ethical dilemma in the form of a question, followed by an in-depth discussion (Online). Case Management boxes are all written by a practicing case manager, presenting key coordination and anticipatory issues to link nursing care with patient-focused case management (Online). Bridge to Home Health Care feature describes specific applications and strategies for med-surg care in the home, while broadening applications of content beyond hospital to the home setting where many nurses now practice. Management and Delegation boxes present the primary concerns associated with delegating care activities to assistive personnel. Three new topics include Overview of Health Care Delivery, Clients Having Surgery, and Management of Clients with Vascular Disorders. NOC boxes appear in chapters containing nursing diagnoses content. Appropriate suggested NOC outcome labels are presented at the beginning of chapters containing nursing diagnoses content to introduce readers to NOC language, the standardized nursing vocabulary for measuring patient outcomes. Bridge to Critical Care feature highlights major critical care concerns, and includes new bridges for defibrillation and transplant. Critical Monitoring boxes alert the reader to clinical manifestations that must be

Table of Contents

1 Promotion of Self-Care
Health Promotion	3	(26)
Esther A. Hellman
Concept of Health	3	(2)
Concept of Wellness	4	(1)
Relationships Among Disease, Illness, Health, and Wellness	5	(1)
Concept of Health Promotion	5	(17)
Evolution of the Concept of Health Promotion	6	(1)
Epidemiologic Concepts	6	(10)
Models of Health Promotion	16	(1)
Teaching and Motivating Clients	17	(1)
Multifactorial Aspects of Chronic Disease	18	(4)
Health Promotion and Illness Prevention Interventions	22	(7)
Modifying Behavioral Health Risk Factors	22	(3)
Modifying Environmental Health Risk Factors	25	(4)
Health Promotion in Middle-Aged Adults	29	(18)
Kathryn Fiandt
Health Risks	29	(1)
Health Promotion	29	(7)
Healthy Eating	29	(3)
Healthy Activity	32	(2)
Tools for Assisting Clients with Healthy Eating and Activity	34	(1)
Stress	35	(1)
Prevention of Injury and Illness	36	(5)
Accidents	36	(1)
Alcohol Abuse	36	(1)
Drug Abuse	37	(1)
Smoking Cessation	37	(3)
Domestic Abuse	40	(1)
Infectious Diseases	40	(1)
Screening for Disease	41	(6)
Recommendations for Screening	41	(1)
Depression	41	(1)
Breast Cancer	42	(2)
Prostate Cancer	44	(1)
Colorectal Cancer	44	(3)
Health Promotion in Older Adults	47	(20)
Beverly E. Holland
Cynthia McCurren
Nursing and the Study of Aging	48	(4)
Emerging Profile of the Older Population	48	(1)
Health Promotion, Maintenance, and Restoration in Older Clients	49	(3)
Normal Aging and Commonly Occurring Pathologic Processes	52	(1)
Presentation of Illness	52	(2)
Functional Status	54	(2)
Physiologic Factors That Influence Functional Status	54	(1)
Psychosocial Factors That Influence Functional Status	55	(1)
Mental Health Disorders in Older Adults	56	(3)
Dementia, Delirium, and Depression	56	(1)
Substance Use Disorders	57	(2)
Medication Use in Older Adults	59	(1)
Continuum: Health Care and Living Arrangements	60	(2)
Health Care for Older Adults	61	(1)
Managed Care	61	(1)
Acute Care	62	(1)
Long-Term Care	62	(1)
Home Health Care	62	(1)
Case Management	62	(1)
Ethical Issues That Affect Older Adults	62	(5)
Autonomy	62	(1)
Competence or Capacity	63	(1)
Self-Determination	63	(4)
Health Assessment	67	(42)
Annabelle M. Keene
Health History	68	(1)
The Health History Interview	68	(1)
Accuracy	68	(1)
Depth	68	(1)
Guidelines for the Health History Interview	69	(1)
Preparation of the Environment	69	(1)
Preparation of the Client	69	(1)
Preparation of the Interviewer	69	(1)
Components of the Health History	70	(6)
Biographical and Demographic Information	70	(1)
Current Health	70	(1)
Past Health History	71	(1)
Family Health History	71	(1)
Psychosocial History	71	(5)
Review of Systems	76	(1)
Health Promotion and Health Risk Appraisal	76	(2)
Health Promotion Across the Life Span	77	(1)
Screening Tests and Procedures	78	(1)
Organizing the Health History Interview	78	(1)
Recording the Health History Interview	78	(1)
Applying the Nursing Process to Health Assessment	78	(1)
Physical Examination	79	(1)
Purpose of the Examination	80	(1)
Levels of Physical Examination	80	(1)
Accuracy of the Physical Examination	80	(1)
Physical Examination and the Nursing Process	80	(1)
Techniques of the Physical Examination	80	(6)
Inspection	80	(3)
Palpation	83	(1)
Percussion	84	(1)
Auscultation	84	(2)
Olfaction	86	(1)
Guidelines for Physical Examination	86	(2)
Preparation of the Environment	86	(1)
Preparation of Equipment	86	(1)
Preparation of the Client	86	(2)
Preparation of the Examiner	88	(1)
Adult General Screening Physical Examination	88	(3)
General Survey	88	(3)
Processing the Data	91	(1)
Terminating the Health Assessment	91	(1)
Recording the Findings	91	(1)
Health Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis, and Nursing Process	92	(1)
Diagnostic Assessment	92	(1)
General Nursing Management	92	(1)
Assessment	92	(1)
Nursing Interventions	92	(1)
Specificity and Sensitivity of Diagnostic Tests	93	(1)
Measurements Used to Report Laboratory Test Results	93	(1)
Reference Values	93	(1)
International System of Units	93	(1)
Laboratory Diagnostic Testing	93	(5)
Microbiology Studies	93	(2)
Blood Studies	95	(2)
Urine Studies	97	(1)
Diagnostic Imaging	98	(7)
Radiography	98	(3)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	101	(1)
Positron Emission Tomography	102	(1)
Angiography	103	(1)
Ultrasonography	104	(1)
Radionuclide Imaging	104	(1)
Endoscopy	105	(1)
Arthroscopy	105	(1)
Bronchoscopy	105	(1)
Endoscopy of the Gastrointestinal Tract	105	(1)
Cytologic Studies	105	(4)
Closed Biopsy	106	(1)
Open Biopsy	106	(1)
Sections	106	(3)
Complementary and Alternative Therapies	109	(12)
Mark Moyad
Jane Hokanson Hawks
Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Therapies	109	(1)
Why Do People Choose Alternative Therapies?	110	(1)
Role of the Nurse	111	(1)
Issues Related to Discussing Complementary and Alternative Therapies with Clients	112	(3)
Common Complementary and Alternative Therapies According to NCCAM Classifications	115	(1)
Complimentary and Alternative Therapy Features Throughout the Textbook	115	(6)
2 Health Care Delivery Systems
Overview of Health Care Delivery	121	(12)
Mary L. Fisher
Major Stakeholders in the Health Care System	121	(4)
Government	121	(2)
Physicians	123	(1)
Hospital Administrators and Governing Boards	123	(1)
Business and Industry	123	(1)
The Public	124	(1)
Nurses	124	(1)
Financing of Health Care Services	125	(8)
Funding Mechanisms	125	(1)
Period of Expansion	125	(2)
Period of Regulation and Cost Containment	127	(2)
Period of Reform	129	(4)
Ambulatory Health Care	133	(14)
Sheila A. Haas
Diana P. Hackbarth
Definition and Characteristics of Ambulatory Care Nursing	133	(1)
Conceptual Models That Influence Ambulatory Care Nursing Practice	134	(1)
The Clinical Model	134	(1)
Levels of Prevention Model	135	(1)
Primary Health Care, Primary Care, and Managed Care Models	135	(1)
Ambulatory Care Nursing Conceptual Framework	135	(1)
Ambulatory Care Practice Settings	136	(3)
Physician Offices	137	(1)
Community Hospital Outpatient Departments	138	(1)
Teaching Hospital Outpatient Departments	138	(1)
Health Maintenance Organizations	138	(1)
Emergency Departments	139	(1)
Other Ambulatory Care Settings	139	(1)
Characteristics of Ambulatory Care Client Population	139	(1)
Research in Ambulatory Care Nursing	140	(1)
Dimensions Unique to Nursing Practice in Ambulatory Care	141	(3)
Telehealth Nursing Practice	141	(1)
Expert Practice Within the Setting	142	(1)
Ambulatory Care Interdisciplinary Team	143	(1)
Professional and Legal Considerations	143	(1)
Trends and Directions for the Future	144	(3)
Acute Health Care	147	(12)
Mary Ellen Pike
History of Hospital Nursing	147	(1)
Acute Care Hospitals	148	(2)
Types of Hospitals	148	(1)
Client Admissions	148	(1)
Efficiency Measures	149	(1)
Post-Acute Care	150	(1)
Roles of Nurses in Hospitals	150	(1)
Provider of Direct Care	150	(1)
Educator	150	(1)
Researcher	150	(1)
Manager	151	(1)
Nursing Care Delivery Systems	151	(1)
Total Care Nursing	151	(1)
Functional Nursing	151	(1)
Team Nursing	151	(1)
Primary Nursing	151	(1)
Case Management	151	(1)
Management and Delegation	152	(1)
Ensuring Quality Health Care Delivery	152	(3)
The Clients' Rights to Quality Care	153	(1)
Providing Quality Client Care	153	(1)
Staffing for Quality Care	153	(1)
Nursing Intensity Classification	153	(2)
Client Satisfaction Surveys	155	(1)
Regulatory Requirements and Issues	155	(1)
Regulatory Agencies and Statutes	155	(1)
Ethical Issues	156	(1)
Legal Issues	156	(1)
Cultural Issues	156	(1)
Performance Improvement and Goals	156	(1)
Risk Management	157	(1)
The Future of Acute Care Hospital Nursing	157	(2)
Critical Care	159	(8)
M. Lynn Rodgers
History of Critical Care	159	(1)
Reasons for Admission to the Intensive Care Unit	160	(1)
Needs of the Critically I11 Client and Family	160	(3)
Family Needs	160	(3)
Critical Care Nursing	163	(1)
Critical Care Practice Settings and Roles	164	(1)
Advanced Practice Nurses in Critical Care	164	(1)
Critical Care Professional Organizations	164	(3)
Home Health Care	167	(12)
Karen S. Martin
Trends	167	(1)
Perspectives	168	(1)
Community-Oriented Philosophy	169	(2)
Risks	170	(1)
Resources	170	(1)
Providing Care	171	(8)
The Omaha System	171	(4)
Automation and the Nightingale Tracker	175	(4)
Long-Term Care	179	(10)
Charlotte Eliopoulos
Growth of Long-Term Care Facilities	179	(2)
Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities	181	(1)
Staff of Long-Term Care Facilities	181	(2)
Nursing Responsibilities	183	(4)
Assessment	183	(1)
Care Planning	183	(1)
Caregiving	183	(2)
Communication	185	(2)
Management	187	(1)
Other Forms of Long-Term Care	187	(2)
Rehabilitation	189	(16)
Susan L. Dean-Baar
World Health Organization Framework	189	(1)
Rehabilitation Settings	190	(1)
Rehabilitation Goals	190	(1)
Key Principles in Rehabilitation	191	(2)
Rehabilitation Process	193	(3)
3 Foundations of Medical-Surgical Nursing
Anatomy and Physiology Review: Body Fluid Compartments and Cellular Function	196	(9)
Robert G. Carroll
Clients with Fluid Imbalances	205	(18)
Bernadette White
Extracellular Fluid Volume Deficit	205	(8)
Intracellular Fluid Volume Deficit	213	(1)
Extracellular Fluid Volume Excess	213	(5)
Intracellular Fluid Volume Excess: Water Intoxication	218	(1)
Extracellular Fluid Volume Shift: Third-Spacing	218	(5)
Clients with Electrolyte Imbalances	223	(24)
Bernadette White
Electrolyte Imbalances	223	(1)
Sodium Imbalances	224	(1)
Hyponatremia	225	(3)
Hyponatremia	228	(3)
Potassium Imbalances	231	(1)
Hypokalemia	231	(4)
Hyperkalemia	235	(2)
Calcium Imbalances	237	(1)
Hypocalcemia	237	(3)
Hypercalcemia	240	(1)
Phosphate Imbalances	241	(1)
Hypophosphatemia	241	(1)
Hyperphosphatemia	242	(1)
Magnesium Imbalances	242	(1)
Hypomagnesemia	242	(1)
Hypermagnesemia	243	(4)
Acid-Base Balance	247	(16)
Margie J. Hansen
Regulation of Acid-Base Balance	247	(1)
Modulation of Serum pH by Buffer Systems	247	(1)
Regulation of Volatile Acid by the Lungs	248	(1)
Regulation of Fixed Acids and Bicarbonate by the Kidneys	249	(2)
Urinary Buffer Systems	249	(1)
Effects of Other Electrolytes	250	(1)
Interaction of Acid-Base Regulatory Systems	251	(1)
Acid-Base Compensation	251	(1)
Acid-Base Correction	252	(1)
Analysis of Arterial Blood Gases	252	(1)
Disorders of Acid-Base Balance	252	(1)
Respiratory Alkalosis	253	(1)
Respiratory Acidosis	254	(1)
Metabolic Alkalosis	255	(1)
Metabolic Acidosis	256	(1)
Complex Acid-Base Disorders	257	(6)
Clients Having Surgery	263	(53)
Nancy J. Girard
Perioperative Nursing	263	(1)
Basic Concepts of Perioperative Nursing	263	(1)
Preoperative Period	264	(20)
Preoperative Assessment	264	(2)
Physical Examination	266	(9)
Estimating Medical Risk for Surgery	275	(1)
Anesthesia and Anesthetic Risk	275	(1)
Educational Assessment	276	(1)
The Preoperative Nursing Diagnosis	276	(1)
Immediate Preoperative Nursing Care	276	(1)
Preoperative Teaching	277	(3)
Preoperative Teaching for Older Adults	280	(1)
Informed Consent	280	(2)
Preparing the Client on the Day of Surgery	282	(1)
Preoperative Preparation Immediately Before Surgery	282	(1)
Preoperative Medications	282	(2)
Transporting the Client to Surgery	284	(1)
Preparing the Client's Room for Postoperative Care	284	(1)
Caring for Significant Others	284	(1)
Intraoperative Period	284	(15)
Members of the Surgical Team	284	(1)
Anesthesia	284	(9)
Intraoperative Nursing Care	293	(6)
Postoperative Period	299	(15)
Post-Anesthesia Care Unit Nursing	299	(6)
Postoperative Nursing Care	305	(9)
4 Physiologic Foundations of Medical-Surgical Nursing
Anatomy and Physiology Review: Physiologic Genomics	314	(2)
Robert G. Carroll
Perspectives in Genetics	316	(17)
Mira Lessick
Lindsay Ann Middelton
The Genetics Revolution and Nursing	316	(1)
Basic Concepts of Genes, Chromosomes, and DNA	316	(3)
Primary Categories of Genetic Conditions	319	(6)
Chromosomal Disorders	319	(1)
Single Gene Disorders and Patterns of Inheritance	320	(3)
Multifactorial (Complex Trait) Inheritance	323	(2)
Nursing Role in Clinical Genetic Care	325	(1)
Genetic Disease and Family Assessment	326	(1)
Genetic Testing	327	(1)
Screening for Carriers of Genetic Disease	327	(1)
Presymptomatic and Predisposition Testing	327	(1)
Prenatal Diagnosis and Screening	328	(1)
Ethical, Legal, and Psychosocial Issues in Genetic Testing	328	(1)
Future Directions	329	(4)
The Genomic Era	329	(1)
Gene Therapy	329	(1)
Pharmacogenomics	329	(4)
Perspectives in Oncology	333	(18)
Patricia Meier
Terminology	333	(1)
Epidemiology	334	(2)
Incidence and Prevalence	335	(1)
Mortality	335	(1)
Trends	335	(1)
Pathophysiology	336	(9)
Carcinogens	336	(2)
Carcinogenesis: Transformation of Normal Cells into Cancer Cells	338	(6)
Inability of the Immune System to Recognize Cancer Cells	344	(1)
Genetics and Cancer	345	(2)
Classification of Neoplasms	347	(4)
Benign versus Malignant	347	(1)
Tissue of Origin	348	(3)
Clients with Cancer	351	(46)
Patricia Meier
Health Promotion and Maintenance	351	(4)
Cancer Prevention and Control	351	(1)
Prevention, Screening, and Early Detection	352	(1)
Approaches to Cancer Prevention	353	(1)
Prevention and Early Detection of Common Cancers	353	(2)
Health Restoration	355	(1)
Maintaining Wellness During Treatment	355	(1)
Rehabilitation	355	(1)
Outcome Management	355	(3)
Diagnosis of Cancer	355	(1)
Grading and Staging of Cancer	356	(2)
Identifying Treatment Goals	358	(1)
Determining Treatment Modalities	358	(1)
Treatment Modalities	358	(22)
Surgery	358	(2)
Radiation Therapy	360	(5)
Chemotherapy	365	(10)
Biotherapy	375	(2)
Bone Marrow Transplantation	377	(1)
Clinical Trials	378	(1)
Financial Concerns	379	(1)
Evaluation of Treatment Response	380	(9)
Psychosocial Aspects of Cancer Care	389	(8)
Providing Support for Clients	389	(1)
Providing Support for the Family	390	(1)
Promoting Positive Self-Concept	390	(1)
Promoting Coping Throughout the Cancer Continuum	390	(7)
Clients with Wounds	397	(20)
Joyce M. Black
Normal Wound Healing	397	(5)
Phases of Wound Healing	398	(3)
Wound Healing Intention	401	(1)
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors in Wound Healing	402	(1)
Clients with Acute Inflammation	402	(4)
Clients with Chronic Inflammation	406	(1)
Clients with Incisions	406	(1)
Clients with Open Wounds	407	(6)
Disorders of Wound Healing	413	(4)
Delayed Wound Healing	413	(1)
Wound Infection	413	(1)
Palliative Care of Frail Clients with Nonhealing Wounds	414	(1)
Wound Disruption	414	(1)
Altered Collagen Synthesis	414	(3)
Perspectives on Infectious Disorders	417	(23)
Carol Weber
The Process of Infection	417	(4)
Agent	418	(1)
Environment	418	(1)
Host	419	(2)
Risks of Hospitalization	421	(5)
Urinary Tract Infections	422	(1)
Pneumonia	422	(1)
Surgical Site Infections	422	(1)
Device-Related Infections and Bacteremias	423	(1)
Other Nosocomial Infections	423	(1)
Antibiotic-Resistant Microorganisms	424	(2)
Preventing and Controlling Infection	426	(8)
Immunization Programs	426	(2)
Infection Control in Hospitals	428	(2)
Infection Control in Long-Term Care Facilities	430	(1)
Infection Control in Community-Based Settings	430	(4)
5 Psychosocial Foundations of Medical-Surgical Nursing
Anatomy and Physiology Review: Arousal, Pain, and Conscious Awareness	434	(6)
Robert G. Carroll
Clients with Pain	440	(47)
Karen A. Sikorksi
Donna M. Barker
The Problem of Pain	440	(2)
Definition of Pain	442	(1)
Perception of Pain	442	(1)
Misconceptions and Myths	443	(2)
Misinformation About Pain	444	(1)
Negative Effects of Pain	444	(1)
Standards and Guidelines for Pain Management	445	(1)
Agency for Health Care Policy and Research	445	(1)
American Pain Society	445	(1)
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations	445	(1)
American Geriatrics Society	446	(1)
Types of Pain	446	(1)
Acute Pain	446	(1)
Chronic Pain	446	(1)
Sources of Pain	447	(4)
Classification	447	(2)
Referred Pain	449	(1)
Inflammation	449	(1)
Neuropathic Pain	449	(1)
Phantom Limb Sensation	450	(1)
Headache	450	(1)
Malignancy	450	(1)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection	450	(1)
Factors Affecting Pain	451	(9)
Situational Factors	451	(1)
Sociocultural Factors	452	(1)
Age	452	(1)
Gender	452	(1)
Meaning of Pain	452	(1)
Anxiety	453	(1)
Past Experience with Pain	453	(1)
Expectation and the Placebo Effect	453	(7)
Medications to Control Pain	460	(16)
Anesthetic Agents	460	(1)
Analgesics	461	(14)
Clients with Addictive Disease	475	(1)
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions	476	(5)
Cutaneous Stimulation	476	(1)
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation	476	(1)
Massage	477	(1)
Heat and Cold Applications	478	(1)
Acupuncture	478	(1)
Acupressure	478	(1)
Music	478	(1)
Progressive Relaxation Training	479	(1)
Deep Breathing for Relaxation	479	(1)
Guided Imagery	479	(1)
Rhythmic Breathing	479	(1)
Meditation	479	(1)
Hypnosis	479	(1)
Humor	480	(1)
Biofeedback	480	(1)
Therapeutic Touch	480	(1)
Distraction	480	(1)
Magnets	480	(1)
Evaluation and Documentation	481	(6)
Evaluation	481	(2)
Documentation	483	(4)
Perspectives in Palliative Care	487	(20)
Kim K. Kuebler
Debra E. Heidrich
Evolution of Hospice and Palliative Care	487	(3)
Dying in America	488	(1)
The Support Study	488	(1)
Palliative Care	489	(1)
Symptoms at the End of Life	490	(9)
Pain	490	(3)
Dyspnea	493	(1)
Delirium	494	(1)
Depression	495	(1)
Fatigue and Weakness	496	(1)
Sleep Disturbances	497	(1)
Cachexia-Anorexia Syndrome	498	(1)
Indicators of Imminent Death	499	(1)
Communication Issues	500	(1)
Care for the Caregivers	500	(1)
Support of the Grieving Family	500	(7)
Clients with Sleep and Rest Disorders and Fatigue	507	(16)
Marlene Reimer
Sleep and Sleep Pattern Disturbances	507	(3)
Chronobiology	507	(1)
Physiology of Sleep and Arousal	508	(2)
Sleep Disorders	510	(6)
Dyssomnias	510	(4)
Parasomnias	514	(1)
Sleep Disorders Associated with Medical and Psychological Disorders	514	(2)
Hospital-Acquired Sleep Disturbances	516	(1)
Sleep Onset Difficulty	516	(1)
Sleep Maintenance Disturbance	517	(1)
Early Morning Awakening	517	(1)
Sleep Deprivation	517	(1)
Diagnostic Assessment	517	(2)
Chronic Fatigue	519	(4)
Clients with Psychosocial and Mental Health Concerns	523	(14)
Nancy Shoemaker
Client Scenarios	524	(1)
Universal Issues	525	(1)
Anxiety	525	(1)
Stress	525	(1)
Coping Mechanisms	525	(1)
Self-Esteem	526	(1)
Additional Needs of Clients with Concurrent Mental Illness	526	(2)
Comprehensive Nursing Assessment	526	(1)
Awareness of Communication	527	(1)
Client and Family Teaching	528	(1)
Specialized Referrals	528	(1)
Summary	528	(1)
Etiology of Mental Disorders	528	(1)
Biologic	528	(1)
Psychological	528	(1)
Anxiety	528	(2)
Schizophrenia	530	(1)
Mood Disorders	531	(6)
Clients with Substance Abuse Disorders	537	(28)
Linda Carman Copel
Frameworks for Explaining Addictive Behaviors	538	(1)
Biologic Framework	539	(1)
Psychological Framework	539	(1)
Sociocultural Framework	539	(1)
Definitions and Terminology	539	(1)
General Assessment	539	(4)
Assessment and Management of Substance-Abusing Clients	543	(9)
Alcohol	543	(2)
Amphetamines	545	(1)
Caffeine	546	(1)
Cannabis	547	(1)
Cocaine	547	(1)
Hallucinogens	547	(1)
Inhalants	548	(1)
Nicotine	548	(1)
Opioids	548	(1)
Phencyclidine	549	(1)
Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics	549	(3)
Drug and Alcohol Intervention	552	(2)
Confrontation About Drug Abuse	552	(1)
Treatment Options	552	(1)
Prevention of Relapse	553	(1)
Surgery and Substance Abuse	553	(1)
The Impaired Health Care Professional	554	(34)
6 Mobility Disorders
Anatomy and Physiology Review: The Musculoskeletal System	588
Robert G. Carroll
Assessment of the Musculoskeletal System	565	(14)
Peggy Doheny
Carol A. Sedlak
History	565	(4)
Biographical and Demographic Data	565	(1)
Current Health	566	(1)
Past Health History	567	(1)
Family Health History	567	(1)
Psychosocial History	568	(1)
Review of Systems	568	(1)
Physical Examination	569	(2)
General Musculoskeletal Examination	569	(2)
Neurovascular Assessment	571	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	571	(8)
Noninvasive Tests of Structure	575	(1)
Radiography	575	(1)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	576	(1)
Invasive Tests of Structure	576	(1)
Radiography	576	(1)
Radionuclide Imaging	576	(1)
Other Tests	577	(1)
Laboratory Studies	578	(1)
Management of Clients with Musculoskeletal Disorders	579	(40)
Dottie Roberts
Joan M. Lappe
Degenerative Bone Disorders	579	(1)
Osteoarthritis	579	(17)
Metabolic Bone Disorders	596	(1)
Osteoporosis	596	(9)
Paget's Disease	605	(1)
Osteomalacia	606	(1)
Gout and Gouty Arthritis	606	(2)
Spinal Column Deformities	608	(1)
Scoliosis	608	(1)
Kyphosis	609	(1)
Lordosis	609	(1)
Bone Infections	609	(1)
Osteomyelitis	610	(1)
Septic Arthritis	610	(1)
Bone Tumors	611	(1)
Malignant Bone Tumors	611	(2)
Disorders of the Foot	613	(1)
Hallux Valgus (Bunions)	613	(1)
Morton's Neuroma (Plantar Neuroma)	613	(1)
Hammer Toe	614	(1)
Muscular Disorders	614	(1)
Muscular Dystrophy	614	(5)
Management of Clients with Musculoskeletal Trauma or Overuse	619	(49)
Dottie Roberts
Fractures	619	(18)
Specific Fractures	637	(1)
Hip Fractures	637	(8)
Condylar Fractures	645	(1)
Pelvic Fractures	646	(1)
Patellar Fractures	646	(1)
Tibial and Fibular Fractures	646	(1)
Foot Fractures	646	(1)
Upper Extremity Fractures	647	(1)
Dislocations and Subluxations	647	(1)
Sports Injuries	648	(1)
Overuse Syndromes	648	(4)
Lower Extremities	650	(1)
Upper Extremities	651	(1)
Strains	652	(1)
Sprains	652	(1)
Rotator Cuff Tears	653	(1)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries	653	(1)
Meniscal Injuries	654	(1)
Remobilization After Traumatic Injury	654	(4)
7 Nutritional Disorders
Anatomy and Physiology Review: The Nutritional (Gastrointestinal) System	658	(10)
Robert G. Carroll
Assessment of Nutrition and the Digestive System	668	(21)
Vicki M. Ross
Screening and Assessment of Nutritional Health	668	(3)
Nutritional Health	668	(1)
Malnutrition	669	(2)
Nutrition Screen or Assessment?	671	(1)
History	671	(5)
Biographical and Demographic Data	671	(1)
Current Health	671	(3)
Past Health History	674	(2)
Family Health History	676	(1)
Psychosocial History	676	(1)
Review of Systems	676	(1)
Physical Examination	676	(6)
Anthropometric Measures	676	(2)
Mouth	678	(2)
Abdomen	680	(2)
Diagnostic Tests	682	(7)
Laboratory Tests	682	(1)
Radiography	683	(1)
Ultrasonography	684	(1)
Endoscopy	685	(1)
Exfoliative Cytologic Analysis	685	(1)
Gastric Analysis	686	(1)
Acid Perfusion Test	686	(1)
Esophageal Manometry	686	(1)
Ambulatory Esophageal pH Monitoring	686	(3)
Management of Clients with Malnutrition	689	(28)
Nancy Evans Stoner
Candace Cantwell
Charlene Compher
Protein-Energy Malnutrition	689	(20)
Eating Disorders	709	(1)
Obesity	709	(4)
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa	713	(4)
Management of Clients with Ingestive Disorders	717	(26)
Elizabeth A. Murphy-Blake
Jane Hokanson Hawks
Dental Disorders	717	(1)
Oral Disorders	718	(1)
Stomatitis	718	(2)
Aphthous Stomatitis	719	(1)
Herpes Simplex	719	(1)
Vincent's Angina	719	(1)
Candidiasis	720	(1)
Tumors of the Oral Cavity	721	(4)
Benign Tumors of the Oral Cavity	721	(1)
Premalignant Tumors of the Oral Cavity	721	(1)
Malignant Tumors of the Oral Cavity	722	(3)
Disorders of the Salivary Glands	725	(1)
Inflammation	725	(1)
Calculi	726	(1)
Tumors	726	(1)
Disorders of the Esophagus	726	(1)
Dysphagia	726	(1)
Dysphagia Caused by Mechanical Obstructions	726	(1)
Dysphagia Caused by Cardiovascular Abnormalities	726	(1)
Dysphagia Caused by Neurologic Diseases	726	(1)
Dysphagia from Other Causes	726	(1)
Regurgitation	726	(1)
Acute Pain	726	(1)
Heartburn or Pyrosis	726	(1)
Achalasia	727	(4)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease	731	(2)
Hiatal Hernia	733	(2)
Diverticula	735	(1)
Esophageal Cancer	736	(4)
Vascular Disorders	740	(1)
Trauma	740	(3)
Management of Clients with Digestive Disorders	743	(32)
Elizabeth A. Murphy-Blake
Jane Hokanson Hawks
General Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Disorders	743	(1)
Pain	743	(1)
Anorexia	743	(1)
Nausea and Vomiting	743	(1)
Bleeding	744	(1)
Diarrhea	744	(1)
Belching and Flatulence	744	(1)
Indigestion	744	(1)
Gastrointestinal Intubation	744	(3)
Types of Tubes	745	(1)
Inserting Gastrointestinal Tubes	746	(1)
Suctioning Gastrointestinal Tubes	746	(1)
Gastritis	747	(1)
Acute Gastritis	747	(1)
Chronic Gastritis	748	(2)
Peptic Ulcer Disease	750	(1)
Duodenal Ulcers	750	(1)
Gastric Ulcers	750	(1)
Stress-Induced and Drug-Induced Ulcers	751	(9)
Gastric Cancer	760	(6)
8 Elimination Disorders
Anatomy and Physiology Review: The Elimination Systems	766	(9)
Robert G. Carroll
Assessment of Elimination	775	(32)
Roberta A. Jorgensen
Karen A. Hanson
Bowel Elimination	775	(1)
History	775	(4)
Biographical and Demographic Data	775	(1)
Current Health	775	(2)
Past Health History	777	(1)
Family Health History	777	(1)
Psychosocial History	778	(1)
Review of Systems	778	(1)
Physical Examination	779	(2)
Abdomen	779	(1)
Anus and Rectum	780	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	781	(3)
Laboratory Tests	781	(1)
Fecal Analysis	781	(2)
Radiography	783	(1)
Ultrasonography	783	(1)
Endoscopy	783	(1)
Urinary Elimination	784	(1)
History	784	(9)
Biographical and Demographic Data	784	(1)
Current Health	785	(4)
Past Health History	789	(2)
Family Health History	791	(1)
Psychosocial History	791	(2)
Review of Systems	793	(1)
Physical Examination	793	(2)
Abdomen	793	(1)
Genitalia	794	(1)
Rectum	795	(1)
Lymph Nodes	795	(1)
Related Body Systems	795	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	795	(12)
Laboratory Tests	795	(4)
Radiography	799	(1)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	800	(1)
Renal Angiography	800	(1)
Ultrasonography	800	(1)
Radionuclide Studies	800	(1)
Endoscopy	801	(1)
Biopsy	802	(1)
Urodynamic Studies	803	(4)
Management of Clients with Intestinal Disorders	807	(50)
Helen Murdock Rogers
General Clinical Manifestations	807	(1)
Hemorrhage	807	(1)
Pain	807	(1)
Nausea and Vomiting	808	(1)
Distension	808	(1)
Diarrhea	808	(1)
Constipation	808	(1)
Abnormalities in Fecal Content	808	(1)
Inflammatory Disorders	808	(1)
Viral and Bacterial Infections: Gastroenteritis	809	(1)
Parasitic Infections	810	(2)
Appendicitis	812	(2)
Peritonitis	814	(1)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease	815	(14)
Neoplastic Disorders	829	(1)
Benign Tumors of the Bowel	829	(1)
Cancer of the Small Bowel	829	(1)
Colorectal Cancer	830	(8)
Other Disorders of the Large and Small Bowel	838	(1)
Herniations	838	(3)
Diverticular Disease	841	(1)
Meckel's Diverticulum	842	(1)
Intestinal Obstruction	843	(3)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	846	(3)
Celiac Disease	849	(1)
Disorders of the Anorectal Area	849	(1)
Hemorrhoids	849	(2)
Anal Fissure	851	(1)
Anal Fistula	851	(1)
Anorectal Abscess	851	(1)
Cancer	851	(1)
Bowel Incontinence	852	(1)
Pilonidal Cyst	852	(1)
Blunt or Penetrating Trauma	852	(5)
Management of Clients with Urinary Disorders	857	(56)
Francie Bernier
Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders	857	(1)
Cystitis	857	(6)
Urethritis	863	(1)
Ureteritis	864	(1)
Urosepsis	864	(1)
Interstitial Cystitis	864	(2)
Obstructive Disorders	866	(1)
Bladder Cancer	866	(15)
Ureteral Tumors	881	(1)
Urinary Calculi	882	(8)
Urinary Reflux	890	(1)
Voiding Disorders	891	(1)
Urinary Retention	891	(4)
Urinary Incontinence	895	(8)
Neurogenic Bladder	903	(4)
Traumatic Disorders	907	(1)
Bladder Trauma	907	(1)
Urethral Trauma	908	(1)
Ureteral Trauma	908	(1)
Congenital Anomalies	908	(5)
Management of Clients with Renal Disorders	913	(28)
Anita E. Molzahn
Extrarenal Conditions	913	(1)
Diabetes Mellitus	913	(1)
Hypertension	914	(1)
Hypotension	915	(1)
Rhabdomyolysis	915	(1)
Cardiovascular Disease	916	(1)
Peripheral Vascular Disease	916	(1)
Sepsis	916	(1)
Pregnancy	916	(1)
Other Causes	916	(1)
Nephrotoxins	916	(1)
Acquired Disorders	917	(1)
Nephrolithiasis	917	(1)
Pyelonephritis	918	(2)
Other Infectious Processes	920	(1)
Hydronephrosis	920	(2)
Renal Cancer	922	(3)
Tubulointerstitial Disease	925	(1)
Glomerulonephritis	925	(6)
Nephrotic Syndrome	926	(1)
Nephritic Syndrome	927	(1)
Types of Glomerulonephritis	927	(4)
Renal Trauma	931	(2)
Renal Vascular Abnormalities	933	(1)
Renal Artery Disease	934	(1)
Renal Vein Disease	935	(1)
Congenital Disorders	935	(1)
Anomalies Involving Kidney Number and Position	935	(1)
Anomalies Involving Kidney Form and Size	935	(1)
Anomalies Involving Cystic Disease	936	(2)
Polycystic Kidneys	936	(2)
Adult-Onset Medullary Cystic Disease	938	(1)
Medullary Sponge Kidney	938	(1)
Other Hereditary Renal Disorders	938	(3)
Management of Clients with Renal Failure	941	(44)
Anita E. Molzahn
Uremic Syndrome	941	(1)
Acute Renal Failure	941	(8)
Chronic Renal Failure	949	(19)
Renal Transplantation	968	(6)
9 Sexuality and Reproductive Disorders
Anatomy and Physiology Review: The Reproductive Systems	974	(11)
Robert G. Carroll
Assessment of the Reproductive System	985	(28)
Rhonda Holloway
The Female Reproductive System	986	(1)
History	986	(4)
Biographical and Demographic Data	986	(1)
Current Health: The Chief Complaint	986	(1)
Past Health History	986	(1)
Gynecologic History	987	(2)
Family Health History	989	(1)
Psychosocial History	989	(1)
Review of Systems	990	(1)
Physical Examination	990	(7)
Breasts and Axillae	990	(2)
Pelvis	992	(5)
Diagnostic Tests	997	(6)
Gynecologic Studies	997	(1)
Laboratory Studies	997	(2)
Radiography	999	(1)
Ultrasonography	999	(1)
Endoscopy	999	(1)
Biopsy	1000	(1)
Breast Studies	1001	(1)
Laboratory Studies	1001	(1)
Radiography	1001	(2)
Biopsy	1003	(1)
The Male Reproductive System	1003	(1)
History	1004	(2)
Biographical and Demographic Data	1004	(1)
Current Health: The Chief Complaint	1004	(1)
Past Health History	1004	(1)
Sexual and Reproductive History	1005	(1)
Family Health History	1005	(1)
Psychosocial History	1006	(1)
Review of Systems	1006	(1)
Physical Examination	1006	(4)
Breasts and Axillae	1006	(1)
External Genitalia	1007	(2)
Prostate	1009	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	1010	(2)
Laboratory Studies	1010	(1)
Radiography	1011	(1)
Ultrasonography	1011	(1)
Radionuclide Imaging	1011	(1)
Cystoscopy	1011	(1)
Urodynamic Assessment	1011	(1)
Prostatic Biopsy	1011	(1)
Prevention of Male Reproductive Problems	1012	(1)
Management of Men with Reproductive Disorders	1013	(40)
Mikel Gray
Prostate Disorders	1014	(1)
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia	1014	(13)
Prostate Cancer	1027	(7)
Prostatitis	1034	(2)
Testicular and Scrotal Disorders	1036	(1)
Testicular Cancer	1036	(3)
Testicular Torsion	1039	(1)
Orchitis	1039	(1)
Epididymitis	1039	(1)
Hydrocele, Hematocele, and Spermatocele	1039	(1)
Varicocele	1039	(1)
Vasectomy (Elective Sterilization)	1039	(1)
Undescended or Mispositioned Testicles	1040	(1)
Infertility	1041	(2)
Penile Disorders	1043	(1)
Phimosis	1043	(1)
Paraphimosis	1043	(1)
Posthitis and Balanitis	1043	(1)
Urethritis	1044	(1)
Urethral Stricture	1044	(1)
Epispadias	1044	(1)
Hypospadias	1044	(1)
Peyronie's Disease	1044	(1)
Priapism	1044	(1)
Penile Cancer	1045	(1)
Penile and Scrotal Injuries	1045	(1)
Erectile Dysfunction	1045	(8)
Management of Women with Reproductive Disorders	1053	(38)
Francie Bernier
Menstrual Disorders	1053	(1)
Cultural Influences	1053	(1)
Reactions to Manifestations	1054	(1)
Dysmenorrhea	1054	(1)
Premenstrual Syndrome	1055	(2)
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding	1057	(1)
Amenorrhea	1057	(1)
Menorrhagia	1057	(2)
Metrorrhagia	1059	(1)
Menopause	1059	(1)
Surgical Menopause	1059	(1)
Perimenopausal Changes	1059	(4)
Vasomotor Instability	1059	(1)
Atrophic Vaginitis and Other Changes	1060	(3)
Postmenopausal Bleeding	1063	(1)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	1063	(2)
Chronic Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	1065	(1)
Uterine Disorders	1065	(1)
Endometriosis	1065	(2)
Benign Uterine Tumors (Leiomyomas)	1067	(4)
Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer	1071	(1)
Cervical Cancer	1072	(4)
Urogenital Displacement and Prolapse	1076	(2)
Polyps	1078	(1)
Ovarian Disorders	1079	(1)
Benign Ovarian Tumors	1079	(1)
Ovarian Cancer	1079	(2)
Vaginal Disorders	1081	(1)
Vaginal Discharge and Pruritus	1081	(1)
Vaginitis	1081	(1)
Toxic Shock Syndrome	1082	(1)
Atrophic Vaginitis	1082	(1)
Vaginal Fistulae	1082	(1)
Vaginal Cancer	1083	(1)
Vulvar Disorders	1084	(1)
Vulvitis	1084	(1)
Vulvar Cancer	1085	(2)
Bartholinitis	1087	(1)
Female Genital Mutilation	1087	(4)
Management of Clients with Breast Disorders	1091	(34)
Melissa Craft
Breast Cancer in Women	1091	(11)
Primary Breast Cancer	1102	(15)
Local Recurrence	1117	(1)
Metastatic Breast Cancer	1118	(1)
Breast Cancer in Men	1119	(1)
Benign Breast Disease	1119	(2)
Fibrocystic Breasts	1120	(1)
Hyperplasia and Atypical Hyperplasia	1120	(1)
Fibroadenoma	1120	(1)
Papilloma	1120	(1)
Duct Ectasia	1120	(1)
Mastodynia and Mastalgia	1120	(1)
Gynecomastia	1120	(1)
Mammaplasty	1121	(4)
Breast Augmentation	1121	(1)
Reduction Mammaplasty	1121	(1)
Mastopexy	1122	(3)
Management of Clients with Sexually Transmitted Diseases	1125	(29)
Meg Blair
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: An Overview	1125	(6)
Diseases Characterized by Urethritis or Cervicitis	1131	(1)
Chlamydial Infections	1131	(1)
Gonorrhea	1132	(1)
Diseases Characterized by Ulcerations	1133	(1)
Syphilis	1133	(2)
Genital Herpes	1135	(1)
Chancroid	1136	(1)
Lymphogranuloma Venereum	1137	(1)
Granuloma Inguinale	1137	(1)
Infection with Human Papillomavirus	1137	(1)
Genital Warts (Condylomata Acuminata)	1137	(2)
Diseases Characterized by Vaginal Discharge	1139	(1)
Trichomoniasis	1139	(1)
Bacterial Vaginosis	1140	(1)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	1140	(1)
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases	1141	(1)
Hepatitis	1141	(1)
Diseases Caused by Infestations	1141	(1)
Pediculosis Pubis and Scabies	1141	(1)
Sexually Transmitted Enteric Infections	1141	(1)
Management of Clients Reporting Sexual Assault	1141	(3)
10 Metabolic Disorders
Anatomy and Physiology Review: The Metabolic Systems	1144	(10)
Robert G. Carroll
Assessment of the Endocrine and Metabolic Systems	1154	(37)
Dianne M. Smolen
History	1154	(4)
Biographical and Demographic Data	1154	(1)
Current Health	1154	(2)
Past Health History	1156	(1)
Family Health History	1157	(1)
Psychosocial History	1157	(1)
Review of Systems	1158	(1)
Physical Examination	1158	(6)
General Appearance and Nutritional Status	1158	(1)
Vital Signs	1159	(1)
Integument	1159	(1)
Head	1159	(1)
Eyes	1159	(1)
Nose	1159	(1)
Mouth	1159	(1)
Neck	1159	(1)
Extremities	1159	(1)
Thorax	1160	(1)
Abdomen	1160	(4)
Genitalia and Rectum	1164	(1)
Modifications for Older Adults	1164	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	1164	(27)
Laboratory Studies	1164	(14)
Diagnostic Imaging and Other Studies	1178	(13)
Management of Clients with Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders	1191	(26)
Anne M. Larson
Thyroid Disorders	1191	(1)
Goiter	1191	(2)
Hypothyroidism	1193	(5)
Hyperthyroidism	1198	(8)
Thyroiditis	1206	(1)
Thyroid Cancer	1207	(2)
Parathyroid Disorders	1209	(1)
Hyperparathyroidism	1209	(4)
Hypoparathyroidism	1213	(4)
Management of Clients with Adrenal and Pituitary Disorders	1217	(26)
Anne M. Larson
Adrenocortical Disorders	1217	(1)
Adrenal Insufficiency	1217	(4)
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency	1217	(4)
Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency	1221	(1)
Adrenocortical Hyperfunction	1221	(9)
Hypercortisolism	1221	(8)
Hyperaldosteronism	1229	(1)
Adrenomedullary Disorders	1230	(3)
Pheochromocytoma	1230	(3)
Anterior Pituitary Disorders	1233	(1)
Hyperpituitarism and Hyperprolactinemia	1233	(4)
Sexual Disturbances	1237	(1)
Hypopituitarism	1237	(1)
Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophyseal) Disorders	1238	(1)
Gonadal Disorders	1238	(5)
Management of Clients with Diabetes Mellitus	1243	(46)
James A. Fain
Acute Complications of Diabetes Mellitus	1267	(1)
Hyperglycemia and Diabetic Ketoacidosis	1267	(5)
Hyperglycemic, Hyperosmolar, Nonketotic Syndrome	1272	(1)
Hypoglycemia	1273	(4)
Other Hypoglycemic Disorders	1277	(1)
Hypoglycemic Unawareness	1277	(1)
Hypoglycemia with Rebound Hyperglycemia	1277	(1)
Dawn Phenomenon	1278	(1)
Chronic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus	1278	(1)
Macrovascular Complications	1278	(3)
Coronary Artery Disease	1280	(1)
Cerebrovascular Disease	1280	(1)
Hypertension	1280	(1)
Peripheral Vascular Disease	1281	(1)
Infections	1281	(1)
Microvascular Complications	1281	(8)
Diabetic Retinopathy	1281	(2)
Nephropathy	1283	(1)
Neuropathy	1284	(5)
Management of Clients with Exocrine Pancreatic and Biliary Disorders	1289	(30)
Dianne M. Smolen
Disorders of the Exocrine Pancreas	1289	(1)
Acute Pancreatitis	1289	(8)
Chronic Pancreatitis	1297	(1)
Pancreatic Pseudocysts	1298	(2)
Pancreatic Cancer	1300	(1)
Pancreatic Trauma	1301	(1)
Cystic Fibrosis	1301	(1)
Biliary Tract Disorders	1302	(1)
Cholelithiasis (Gallstones)	1302	(9)
Acute Cholecystitis	1311	(2)
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis	1313	(1)
Chronic Cholecystitis	1313	(1)
Choledocholithiasis and Cholangitis	1314	(1)
Sclerosing Cholangitis	1315	(1)
Carcinoma of the Gallbladder	1316	(3)
Management of Clients with Hepatic Disorders	1319	(57)
Dianne M. Smolen
Jaundice	1319	(4)
Hepatitis	1323	(1)
Viral Hepatitis	1323	(9)
Complications of Hepatitis	1332	(2)
Fulminant Hepatitis	1332	(1)
Chronic Hepatitis	1332	(2)
Chronic Hepatitis B	1334	(1)
Chronic Hepatitis C	1334	(1)
Autoimmune Hepatitis	1334	(1)
Chronic Carrier State	1334	(1)
Aplastic Anemia	1334	(1)
Toxic Hepatitis	1334	(1)
Alcoholic Hepatitis	1335	(1)
Cirrhosis	1335	(6)
Complications of Cirrhosis	1341	(18)
Portal Hypertension	1341	(8)
Nonsurgical Alternative Procedure	1349	(1)
Ascites	1349	(6)
Hepatic Encephalopathy	1355	(4)
Fatty Liver (Hepatic Stenosis)	1359	(1)
Liver Neoplasms	1359	(1)
Benign Hepatic Tumors	1359	(1)
Malignant Hepatic Tumors	1360	(1)
Primary Hepatocellular Cancer	1360	(1)
Metastatic Hepatic Cancers	1360	(2)
Liver Transplantation	1362	(1)
Liver Abscess	1363	(1)
Rare Disorders	1364	(1)
Congenital Conditions	1365	(1)
Liver Trauma	1365	(5)
11 Integumentary Disorders
Anatomy and Physiology Review: The Integumentary System	1370	(6)
Robert G. Carroll
Assessment of the Integumentary System	1376	(13)
Noreen Heer Nicol
History	1376	(3)
Current Health	1376	(1)
Past Health History	1377	(1)
Family Health History	1378	(1)
Psychosocial History	1378	(1)
Review of Systems	1379	(1)
Physical Examination	1379	(6)
Terminology	1379	(1)
Types of Lesions	1379	(1)
Examination Environment	1379	(1)
Depth of Examination	1379	(1)
Considerations in Ethnic Populations	1380	(1)
Inspection and Palpation	1381	(4)
Skin Self-Examination	1385	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	1385	(4)
Skin Culture and Sensitivity	1385	(1)
Potassium Hydroxide Examination and Fungal Culture	1385	(1)
Tzanck's Smear	1386	(1)
Scabies Scraping	1386	(1)
Wood's Light Examination	1386	(1)
Patch Testing	1386	(1)
Biopsy	1387	(2)
Management of Clients with Integumentary Disorders	1389	(44)
Noreen Heer Nicol
Joyce M. Black
Common Dermatologic Interventions	1391	(1)
Topical Vehicles	1392	(2)
Wound Dressings	1393	(1)
Soaks and Wet Wraps	1393	(1)
Ultraviolet Light Therapy	1394	(1)
Ultraviolet B Therapy	1394	(1)
Photochemotherapy	1395	(1)
Common Skin Disorders	1395	(1)
Pruritus	1395	(1)
Eczematous Disorders	1396	(5)
Atopic Dermatitis	1396	(2)
Xerotic Eczema	1398	(1)
Contact Dermatitis	1398	(1)
Intertrigo	1399	(1)
Stasis Dermatitis	1399	(1)
Psoriasis Vulgaris	1400	(1)
Acne Vulgaris	1401	(1)
Acne Rosacea	1401	(1)
Skin Tears	1402	(1)
Pressure Ulcers	1403	(8)
Precancerous Changes in the Skin	1411	(2)
Sunburn	1411	(1)
Actinic Keratosis	1411	(2)
Skin Cancer	1413	(1)
Basal Cell Carcinoma	1414	(1)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma	1415	(1)
Malignant Melanoma	1415	(2)
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides)	1417	(1)
Bullous Disorders: Pemphigus	1418	(1)
Infectious Disorders	1418	(1)
Erysipelas and Cellulitis	1418	(1)
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)	1418	(4)
Plastic Surgery and Other Cosmetic/Restorative Procedures	1422	(1)
Body Image and Surgery	1422	(1)
Facial Rejuvenating Procedures	1423	(2)
Facial Resurfacing	1423	(1)
Rhytidectomy (Face Lift)	1424	(1)
Blepharoplasty	1424	(1)
Rhinoplasty	1425	(1)
Body-Contouring Surgery (Lipectomy)	1425	(1)
Liposuction	1425	(1)
Abdominoplasty	1426	(1)
Panniculectomy	1426	(1)
Reconstructive Plastic Surgery	1426	(3)
Skin Flaps	1427	(1)
Musculocutaneous Flaps	1427	(1)
Free Flaps	1428	(1)
Skin Expansion	1429	(1)
Lasers	1429	(1)
Repair of Traumatic Injuries	1429	(2)
Facial Fractures	1429	(1)
Traumatic Amputations	1430	(1)
Nail Disorders	1431	(2)
Management of Clients with Burn Injury	1433	(42)
Pamela Cornwell
Catherine Gregory
Emergent Phase	1442	(8)
Acute Phase	1450	(10)
Rehabilitation Phase	1460	(8)
12 Circulatory Disorders
Anatomy and Physiology Review: The Circulatory System	1468	(7)
Robert G. Carroll
Assessment of the Vascular System	1475	(14)
Mary Sieggreen
History	1475	(3)
Biographical and Demographic Data	1475	(1)
Current Health	1475	(3)
Past Health History	1478	(1)
Family Health History	1478	(1)
Psychosocial History	1478	(1)
Review of Systems	1478	(1)
Physical Examination	1478	(6)
Inspection	1479	(3)
Palpation	1482	(1)
Auscultation	1483	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	1484	(5)
Noninvasive Vascular Laboratory Techniques	1484	(1)
Invasive Techniques	1485	(4)
Management of Clients with Hypertensive Disorders	1489	(20)
Jean Elizabeth DeMartinis
Hypertension	1489	(16)
Hypertensive Crises: Urgency versus Emergency	1505	(1)
Community Screening and Self-Care	1505	(1)
Public Health Initiative	1505	(1)
Managed Care and Community Screening	1506	(1)
Self-Measurement of Blood Pressure	1506	(1)
Syncope	1506	(3)
Management of Clients with Vascular Disorders	1509	(51)
Joyce M. Black
Peripheral Artery Disorders	1509	(12)
Amputation	1521	(5)
Acute Arterial Occlusion	1526	(2)
Arterial Ulcers	1528	(1)
Aneurysms	1528	(4)
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms	1529	(1)
Aneurysm Repair	1530	(2)
Rupture of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm	1532	(1)
Aortic Dissection	1532	(1)
Raynaud's Syndrome	1533	(1)
Buerger's Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans)	1534	(1)
Subclavian Steal Syndrome	1534	(1)
Thoracic Outlet Syndromes	1534	(1)
Venous Disorders	1534	(1)
Acute Venous Disorders	1535	(4)
Thrombophlebitis	1535	(4)
Chronic Venous Disorders	1539	(3)
Varicose Veins	1539	(1)
Chronic Venous Insufficiency	1540	(1)
Venous Stasis Ulceration	1541	(1)
Lymphatic Disorders	1542	(1)
Lymphedema	1542	(6)
13 Cardiac Disorders
Anatomy and Physiology Review: The Heart	1548	(12)
Robert G. Carroll
Assessment of the Cardiac System	1560	(39)
Kathleen A. Popelka
History	1560	(11)
Risk Factor Analysis	1561	(1)
Biographical and Demographic Data	1562	(1)
Current Health	1562	(5)
Past Health History	1567	(2)
Family Health History	1569	(1)
Psychosocial History	1569	(1)
Review of Systems	1570	(1)
Physical Examination	1571	(7)
General Appearance	1571	(1)
Level of Consciousness	1571	(1)
Weight Management	1571	(1)
Head, Neck, Nails, and Skin	1571	(1)
Edema	1572	(1)
Blood Pressure	1572	(1)
Pulse	1573	(1)
Respirations	1573	(1)
Head and Neck	1573	(1)
Chest	1574	(4)
Abdomen	1578	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	1578	(21)
Laboratory Tests	1580	(2)
Electrocardiogram	1582	(6)
Electrophysiologic Studies	1588	(1)
Cardiac Diagnostic Imaging	1589	(4)
Hemodynamic Studies	1593	(6)
Management of Clients with Structural Cardiac Disorders	1599	(28)
Barbara B. Ott
Valvular Heart Disease	1599	(1)
Mitral Valve Disease	1599	(3)
Aortic Valve Disease	1602	(2)
Tricuspid Valve Disease	1604	(1)
Pulmonic Valve Disease	1604	(3)
Cardiomyopathy	1607	(1)
Dilated Cardiomyopathy	1607	(1)
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy	1607	(2)
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy	1609	(1)
Surgical Procedures	1609	(3)
Infectious Disorders	1612	(1)
Rheumatic Fever	1612	(4)
Infective Endocarditis	1616	(4)
Myocarditis	1620	(1)
Pericarditis	1621	(2)
Acute Pericarditis	1621	(1)
Acute Pericarditis with Effusion	1622	(1)
Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis	1622	(1)
Cardiac Tamponade	1623	(1)
Congenital Disorders	1624	(3)
Management of Clients with Functional Cardiac Disorders	1627	(44)
Janice Tazbir
Patricia A. Keresztes
Coronary Heart Disease	1627	(22)
Heart Failure	1649	(22)
Management of Clients with Dysrhythmias	1671	(30)
Andrea R. Cain
Sheila Melander
Dysrhythmias	1671	(3)
Atrial Dysrhythmias	1674	(1)
Disturbances in Automaticity	1674	(2)
Sinus Tachycardia	1674	(1)
Sinus Bradycardia	1675	(1)
Sinus Dysrhythmia	1675	(1)
Premature Arterial Contractions	1675	(1)
Disturbances in Conduction	1676	(1)
Sinoatrial Node Conduction Defects	1676	(1)
Reentry of Impulses	1676	(3)
Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia	1676	(1)
Atrial Flutter	1677	(1)
Atrial Fibrillation	1677	(2)
Atrioventricular Junctional Dysrhythmias	1679	(1)
Disturbances in Automaticity	1679	(1)
Premature Junctional Contractions	1679	(1)
Paroxysmal Junctional Tachycardia	1679	(1)
Disturbances in Conduction	1679	(2)
First-Degree Atrioventricular Block	1679	(1)
Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block	1680	(1)
Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block	1681	(1)
Bundle-Branch Block	1681	(1)
Ventricular Dysrhythmias	1681	(1)
Disturbances in Automaticity	1681	(6)
Premature Ventricular Contractions	1682	(3)
Ventricular Tachycardia	1685	(1)
Torsades de Pointes	1685	(1)
Pre-Excitation Syndromes	1686	(1)
Interventional Medical Management	1686	(1)
Reentry of Impulses	1687	(1)
Ventricular Fibrillation	1687	(1)
Disturbances in Conduction	1687	(1)
Ventricular Asystole	1687	(1)
Pulseless Electrical Activity	1688	(1)
Outcome Management of Life-Threatening Dysrhythmias	1688	(13)
Management of Clients with Myocardial Infarction	1701	(31)
Janice Tazbir
Patricia A. Keresztes
Angina Pectoris	1701	(6)
Acute Myocardial Infarction	1707	(25)
14 Oxygenation Disorders
Anatomy and Physiology Review: The Respiratory System	1732	(1)
Robert G. Carroll
Assessment of the Respiratory System	1732	(43)
Amy Verst
General Respiratory Assessment	1743	(1)
History	1743	(5)
Biographical and Demographic Data	1743	(1)
Current Health	1743	(3)
Past Health History	1746	(1)
Family Health History	1747	(1)
Psychosocial History	1747	(1)
Review of Systems	1748	(1)
Physical Examination	1748	(8)
Inspection	1748	(5)
Palpation	1753	(1)
Percussion	1753	(2)
Auscultation	1755	(1)
Assessment of the Nose, Pharynx, and Sinuses	1756	(1)
History	1756	(2)
Current Health	1756	(2)
Past Health History	1758	(1)
Physical Examination	1758	(1)
Nose	1758	(1)
Nasopharynx	1759	(1)
Paranasal Sinuses	1759	(1)
Smell	1759	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	1759	(16)
Tests to Evaluate Respiratory Function	1760	(1)
Pulmonary Function Tests	1760	(1)
Pulse Oximetry	1761	(3)
Capnography	1764	(1)
Arterial Blood Gas Analysis	1764	(1)
Ventilation-Perfusion Lung Scan	1765	(1)
Tests to Evaluate Anatomic Structures	1766	(1)
Radiography	1766	(1)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	1767	(1)
Ultrasonography	1768	(1)
Gallium Scans	1768	(1)
Bronchoscopy	1768	(1)
Laryngoscopy	1769	(1)
Alveolar Lavage	1769	(1)
Endoscopic Thoracotomy	1769	(1)
Pulmonary Angiography	1770	(1)
Specimen Recovery and Analysis	1771	(1)
Sputum Collection	1771	(1)
Nose and Throat Cultures	1771	(1)
Thoracentesis	1771	(1)
Biopsy	1772	(3)
Management of Clients with Upper Airway Disorders	1775	(32)
Linda K. Clarke
Methods of Controlling the Airway	1775	(11)
Tracheostomy	1775	(5)
Weaning, Removal, and Rescue Breathing	1780	(6)
Neoplastic Disorders	1786	(1)
Benign Tumors of the Larynx	1786	(1)
Cancer of the Larynx	1786	(10)
Hemorrhagic, Infectious, and Inflammatory Disorders	1796	(1)
Epistaxis	1796	(1)
Sinusitis	1797	(2)
Pharyngitis	1799	(1)
Acute Tonsillitis	1799	(1)
Chronic Tonsillitis	1800	(1)
Peritonsillar Abscess (Quinsy)	1800	(1)
Rhinitis	1800	(1)
Laryngitis	1801	(1)
Diphtheria	1801	(1)
Obstructions of the Upper Airway	1802	(1)
Acute Laryngeal Edema	1802	(1)
Chronic Laryngeal Edema	1802	(1)
Laryngospasm	1802	(1)
Laryngeal Paralysis	1802	(1)
Laryngeal Injury	1803	(1)
Chronic Airway Obstruction	1803	(1)
Nasal Polyps	1803	(1)
Deviated Nasal Septum and Nasal Fracture	1803	(4)
Management of Clients with Lower Airway and Pulmonary Vessel Disorders	1807	(30)
Sherill Nones Cronin
Kim Miracle
Disorders of the Lower Airways	1807	(1)
Asthma	1807	(7)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	1814	(15)
Tracheobronchitis	1829	(1)
Bronchiectasis	1830	(1)
Disorders of the Pulmonary Vasculature	1831	(1)
Pulmonary Embolism	1831	(2)
Venous Air Embolism	1833	(1)
Pulmonary Hypertension	1833	(4)
Management of Clients with Parenchymal and Pleural Disorders	1837	(40)
Nancy L. York
Atelectasis	1837	(1)
Infectious Disorders	1838	(1)
Influenza	1838	(1)
Pneumonia	1839	(4)
Lung Abscess	1843	(1)
Pulmonary Tuberculosis	1844	(5)
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis	1849	(1)
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection	1850	(1)
Viral Pulmonary Infections	1850	(1)
Fungal Pulmonary Infections	1851	(1)
Neoplastic Lung Disorders	1852	(1)
Malignant Lung Tumors	1852	(14)
Benign Lung Tumors	1866	(1)
Occupational Lung Diseases	1866	(1)
Restrictive Lung Disorders	1867	(2)
Cystic Fibrosis	1869	(1)
Lung Transplantation	1870	(1)
Sarcoidosis	1871	(1)
Interstitial Lung Disease	1872	(1)
Disorders of the Pleura and Pleural Space	1872	(1)
Pleural Pain	1872	(1)
Pleural Effusion	1872	(1)
Recurrent Pleural Effusion	1873	(1)
Bronchopleural Fistula	1873	(1)
Metastatic Pleural Tumors	1873	(1)
Disorders of the Diaphragm	1874	(1)
Subdiaphragmatic Abscess	1874	(1)
Diaphragmatic Paralysis	1874	(3)
Management of Clients with Acute Pulmonary Disorders	1877	(42)
Ann H. White
Respiratory Failure	1877	(1)
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure	1878	(2)
Pulmonary Edema	1878	(2)
Acute Ventilatory Failure	1880	(15)
Adult (Acute) Respiratory Distress Syndrome	1895	(4)
Chest Trauma	1899	(1)
Specific Chest Injuries	1900	(2)
Fractured Ribs	1900	(1)
Fractured Sternum	1901	(1)
Flail Chest	1901	(1)
Specific Pulmonary Injuries	1902	(4)
Pneumothorax	1902	(2)
Traumatic Open Pneumothorax and Mediastinal Flutter	1904	(1)
Tension Pneumothorax and Mediastinal Shift	1905	(1)
Hemothorax	1905	(1)
Other Traumatic Lung Events	1906	(1)
Near-Drowning	1906	(1)
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning	1906	(4)
15 Sensory Disorders
Anatomy and Physiology Review: The Eyes and Ears	1910	(9)
Robert G. Carroll
Assessment of the Eyes and Ears	1919	(24)
Sarah C. Smith
Helene J. Krouse
Assessment of the Eye	1919	(1)
History	1919	(3)
Biographical and Demographic Data	1919	(1)
Current Health	1919	(2)
Past Health History	1921	(1)
Family Health History	1921	(1)
Psychosocial History	1921	(1)
Review of Systems	1922	(1)
Physical Examination	1922	(7)
External Eye	1922	(5)
Internal Eye	1927	(2)
Diagnostic Tests	1929	(2)
Fundus Photography	1929	(1)
Exophthalmometry	1929	(1)
Ophthalmic Radiography	1929	(1)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	1929	(1)
Ultrasonography	1930	(1)
Ophthalmodynamometry	1930	(1)
Electroretinography	1930	(1)
Visual Evoked Response	1930	(1)
Fluorescein Angiography	1930	(1)
Assessment of the Ear	1931	(1)
History	1931	(3)
Biographical and Demographic Data	1931	(1)
Current Health	1931	(1)
Past Health History	1932	(1)
Family Health History	1933	(1)
Psychosocial History	1933	(1)
Review of Systems	1934	(1)
Physical Examination	1934	(4)
Inspection and Palpation	1934	(2)
Tests for Auditory Acuity	1936	(1)
Tests for Vestibular Acuity	1937	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	1938	(5)
Tests for Aural Structure	1938	(1)
Tests for Auditory Function	1938	(2)
Laboratory Tests	1940	(3)
Management of Clients with Visual Disorders	1943	(26)
Sarah C. Smith
Glaucoma	1943	(6)
Cataracts	1949	(2)
Retinal Disorders	1951	(1)
Retinal Detachment	1951	(2)
Diabetic Retinopathy	1953	(2)
Retinitis Pigmentosa	1955	(1)
Age-Related Macular Degeneration	1955	(2)
Dry Macular Degeneration	1956	(1)
Wet Macular Degeneration	1956	(1)
Retinal Artery Occlusion	1957	(1)
Corneal Disorders	1957	(1)
Corneal Dystrophies	1957	(2)
Corneal Infection: Keratitis	1959	(1)
Uveal Tract Disorders: Uveitis	1960	(1)
Malignant Ocular Tumors	1961	(1)
Ocular Melanoma	1961	(1)
Eyelid Tumors	1962	(1)
Eyelid, Lacrimal, and Conjunctival Disorders	1962	(1)
Dry Eye Syndrome	1962	(1)
Refractive Disorders	1962	(1)
Myopia	1963	(1)
Hyperopia	1963	(1)
Astigmatism	1963	(1)
Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disorders	1964	(1)
Endocrine Disorders: Graves' Disease	1964	(1)
Rheumatoid and Connective Tissue Disorders	1965	(1)
Neurologic Disorders	1965	(1)
Circulatory Disorders	1965	(1)
Immunologic Disorders	1965	(1)
Lyme Disease	1966	(3)
Management of Clients with Hearing and Balance Disorders	1969	(47)
Helene J. Krouse
Hearing Impairment	1969	(11)
Otalgia	1980	(8)
Balance Disorders	1988	(10)
16 Cognitive and Perceptual Disorders
Anatomy and Physiology Review: The Neurologic System	1998	(18)
Robert G. Carroll
Assessment of the Neurologic System	2016	(35)
Jeannine M. Petit
History	2016	(7)
Biographical and Demographic Data	2016	(1)
Current Health	2016	(6)
Past Health History	2022	(1)
Family Health History	2022	(1)
Psychosocial History	2022	(1)
Review of Systems	2023	(1)
Physical Examination	2023	(15)
Vital Signs	2024	(1)
Mental Status	2024	(2)
Head, Neck, and Back	2026	(1)
Cranial Nerves	2027	(2)
Motor System	2029	(2)
Sensory Function	2031	(3)
Reflex Activity	2034	(3)
Autonomic System	2037	(1)
Functional Assessment	2037	(1)
Clinical Applications	2037	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	2038	(13)
Noninvasive Tests of Structure	2038	(1)
Noninvasive Tests of Function	2039	(3)
Invasive Tests of Structure	2042	(5)
Invasive Tests of Function	2047	(4)
Management of Comatose or Confused Clients	2051	(22)
Christine Stewart-Amidei
Disorders of Consciousness	2051	(14)
Confusional States	2065	(8)
Management of Clients with Cerebral Disorders	2073	(34)
Melanie S. Minton
Seizure Disorders	2073	(1)
Epilepsy	2073	(9)
Seizures	2082	(1)
Status Epilepticus	2083	(1)
Brain Tumors	2083	(10)
Hemorrhagic Cerebrovascular Disorders	2093	(1)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage	2093	(4)
Arteriovenous Malformations	2097	(1)
Infections	2098	(1)
Bacterial Meningitis	2098	(1)
Bacterial Toxins	2099	(1)
Brain Abscess	2100	(1)
Other Sources of CNS Infections	2100	(1)
Headache	2100	(7)
Management of Clients with Stroke	2107	(32)
Lisa Bowman
Stroke: Scope of the Problem	2107	(26)
Transient Ischemic Attacks	2133	(2)
Client and Public Education	2135	(4)
Management of Clients with Peripheral Nervous System Disorders	2139	(22)
Sharon R. Redding
Lower Back Pain	2139	(9)
Cervical Disk Disorders	2148	(2)
Post-Polio Syndrome	2150	(1)
Spinal Cord Disorders	2150	(1)
Syringomyelia	2150	(1)
Vascular Spinal Cord Lesions	2151	(1)
Myelomalacia	2151	(1)
Hematomyelia	2151	(1)
Neurosyphilis	2151	(1)
Upper Motor Neuron Lesions	2152	(1)
Lower Motor Neuron Lesions	2152	(1)
Spinal Tumors	2152	(1)
Disorders of the Cranial Nerves	2152	(1)
Trigeminal Neuralgia	2153	(1)
Bell's Palsy	2154	(1)
Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves	2154	(1)
Cumulative Trauma Disorders	2155	(2)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome	2155	(2)
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome	2157	(1)
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome	2157	(1)
Dupuytren's Contracture	2157	(1)
Ganglion Cyst	2158	(1)
Peripheral Nerve Tumors	2158	(1)
Peripheral Nerve Injuries	2158	(3)
Management of Clients with Degenerative Neurologic Disorders	2161	(28)
Joyce M. Black
Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias	2161	(9)
Parkinson's Disease	2170	(5)
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease	2175	(1)
Huntington's Disease	2175	(2)
Multiple Sclerosis	2177	(4)
Paralytic Diseases	2181	(8)
Guillain-Barre Syndrome	2181	(1)
Myasthenia Gravis	2182	(3)
Eaton-Lambert (Myasthenic) Syndrome	2185	(1)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	2185	(4)
Management of Clients with Neurologic Trauma	2189	(65)
Norma D. McNair
Judi L. Kuric
Increased Intracranial Pressure	2189	(13)
Traumatic Brain Injury	2202	(9)
Spinal Cord Injury	2211	(27)
17 Protective Disorders
Anatomy and Physiology Review: The Hematopoietic System	2238	(16)
Robert G. Carroll
Assessment of the Hematopoietic System	2254	(17)
Mary A. Allen
History	2254	(6)
Biographical and Demographic Data	2254	(1)
Current Health	2254	(1)
Past Health History	2255	(2)
Family Health History	2257	(1)
Psychosocial History	2257	(1)
Review of Systems	2258	(2)
Physical Examination	2260	(1)
Inspection	2260	(1)
Palpation	2260	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	2260	(11)
Hematologic Tests	2262	(5)
Immunologic Status Tests	2267	(1)
Radiography	2267	(1)
Skin Tests	2268	(3)
Management of Clients with Hematologic Disorders	2271	(44)
Tricia C. Corbett
Patricia C. Buchsel
Disorders Affecting Red Blood Cells	2271	(1)
The Anemias	2271	(14)
Anemia Caused by Decreased Erythrocyte Production	2285	(8)
Iron Deficiency Anemia	2285	(3)
Thalassemia (Major)	2288	(1)
Megaloblastic Anemia	2289	(1)
Cobalamin/B12 Deficiency (Pernicious Anemia)	2289	(2)
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia	2291	(1)
Aplastic Anemia	2291	(2)
Anemias Caused by Increased Erythrocyte Destruction	2293	(8)
Hemolytic Anemia	2293	(1)
Sickle Cell Anemia	2294	(5)
Polycythemia Vera	2299	(1)
Hemochromatosis	2300	(1)
Disorders Affecting White Blood Cells	2301	(1)
Agranulocytosis	2301	(1)
Multiple Myeloma	2302	(1)
Infectious Mononucleosis	2303	(1)
Splenic Rupture and Hypersplenism	2304	(1)
Disorders of Platelets and Clotting Factors	2305	(1)
Hemorrhagic Disorders	2305	(1)
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura	2306	(1)
Coagulation Disorders	2306	(9)
Hypoprothrombinemia	2306	(1)
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation	2307	(4)
Hemophilia	2311	(4)
Management of Clients with Immune Disorders	2315	(14)
Linda M. Scott
Hypersensitivity Disorders	2315	(8)
Allergic Disorders	2323	(1)
Food Allergy	2323	(1)
Atopic Dermatitis	2323	(1)
Urticaria	2324	(1)
Anaphylaxis, Insect Sting Allergy, and Latex Allergy	2324	(1)
Allergic Rhinitis	2325	(1)
Asthma	2326	(3)
Management of Clients with Rheumatic Disorders	2329	(46)
Patricia A. MacDonald
Autoimmunity	2330	(2)
Rheumatoid Arthritis	2332	(20)
Connective Tissue Disorders	2352	(1)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	2352	(5)
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)	2357	(5)
Spondyloarthropathies	2362	(1)
Ankylosing Spondylitis	2362	(2)
Reactive Arthritis (Reiter's Syndrome)	2364	(2)
Psoriatic Arthritis	2366	(2)
Fibromyalgia Syndrome	2368	(1)
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy (Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis)	2368	(2)
Bursitis	2370	(1)
Vasculitis	2371	(1)
Polymyalgia Rheumatica	2371	(1)
Giant Cell Arteritis	2372	(1)
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease	2372	(1)
Lyme Disease	2372	(3)
Management of Clients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	2375	(26)
Meg Blair
Management of Clients with Leukemia and Lymphoma	2401	(24)
Susan Newton
Leukemia	2401	(10)
Lymphomas	2411	(1)
Hodgkin's Disease	2411	(4)
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma	2415	(2)
Bone Marrow Transplantation	2417	(1)
Indications	2417	(1)
Bone Marrow Harvesting	2418	(1)
Sources of Bone Marrow	2418	(1)
Histocompatibility Testing for Allogeneic and Syngeneic Transplantation	2418	(1)
Allogeneic Donor Preparation	2418	(1)
Marrow Collection	2418	(1)
Peripheral Stem Cell Collection	2418	(1)
Allogeneic Transplant	2419	(1)
Recipient Preparation	2419	(1)
Bone Marrow Infusion	2419	(1)
Graft-Versus-Host Disease	2419	(1)
Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease	2419	(1)
Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease	2419	(6)
18 Multisystem Disorders
Management of Clients Requiring Transplantation	2425	(18)
Connie White-Williams
Historical Perspective	2425	(1)
Related Issues	2426	(1)
Cost	2426	(1)
Shortage of Organ Donors	2426	(1)
Ethical Considerations	2426	(1)
Outcome Management	2427	(12)
Clients with End-Stage Organ Disease	2427	(5)
Postoperative Transplant Clients	2432	(3)
Clients Receiving a Specific Organ Transplant	2435	(4)
Self-Care	2439	(4)
Management of Clients with Shock and Multisystem Disorders	2443	(36)
Louise Nelson LaFramboise
Shock	2443	(30)
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome	2473	(6)
Management of Clients in the Emergency Department	2479	(27)
Judy Selfridge-Thomas
Emergency Medical Services	2479	(1)
Emergency Nursing	2480	(1)
Legal Issues	2481	(2)
Federal Legislation	2481	(1)
Consent to Treat	2481	(1)
Restraints	2482	(1)
Mandatory Reporting	2482	(1)
Evidence Collection and Preservation	2482	(1)
Violence	2482	(1)
Ethical Issues	2483	(1)
Unexpected Death	2483	(1)
Advance Directives	2484	(1)
Organ and Tissue Donation	2484	(1)
Child Abandonment	2484	(1)
Components of Emergency Care	2484	(4)
Triage	2484	(1)
Nursing Assessment	2485	(2)
Diagnosis	2487	(1)
Outcome Management	2487	(1)
Evaluation	2488	(1)
Client Disposition	2488	(1)
Nursing Documentation	2488	(1)
Emergency Conditions	2488	(1)
Ineffective Airway Clearance	2488	(3)
Ineffective Breathing Pattern	2491	(1)
Hyperventilation	2491	(1)
Hypoventilation	2491	(1)
Impaired Gas Exchange	2491	(2)
Traumatic Pneumothorax	2492	(1)
Flail Test	2492	(1)
Deficient Fluid Volume	2493	(3)
Excess Fluid Volume	2496	(1)
Decreased Cardiac Output	2496	(1)
Acute Pain or Chronic Pain	2497	(1)
Acute Confusion	2498	(1)
Disturbed Sensory Perception	2499	(1)
Risk for Infection	2500	(1)
Impaired Physical Mobility	2501	(1)
Impaired Skin Integrity	2502	(1)
Poisoning	2503	(2)
Accidental and Intentional Poisonings	2503	(2)
Snake Bite	2505	(1)
Hyperthermia	2505	(1)
Hypothermia	2505	(1)
Frostbite	2506	(1)
Ineffective Coping	2506	(1)
Disaster Planning/Bioterrorism	2506