Meeting the Standards in Secondary English: A Guide to the ITT NC

by Fleming,Michael

• ISBN13: 9780415233774
• ISBN10: 0415233771
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2001-06-01
• Publisher: RoutledgeFalmer

Summary

In a handbook style, this book provides tasks and activities to work through and gives comprehensive information about everything the newly qualified teacher needs to think about to meet the standards required.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Acknowledgements	x
A Little History	1	(8)
Introduction	1	(1)
Early History	2	(3)
Later History	5	(1)
Current Commercial Applications	5	(1)
The Future	6	(3)
Foundations of Active Control	9	(22)
Physical Mechanisms	9	(2)
Basic Structure of Active Noise Control Systems	11	(8)
Adaptive Feedforward Control	12	(4)
Feedback Control	16	(2)
Waveform Synthesis	18	(1)
Control System Optimization	19	(12)
Control Source Output Power and Placement	21	(4)
Influence of Error Sensor Placement	25	(2)
Influence of Reference Signal Delay and Quality	27	(4)
The Electronic Control System	31	(38)
Introduction	31	(1)
Digital Filters (Adaptive Control Filters)	32	(4)
Adaptation Algorithms for Adaptive Filters	36	(23)
Single-Channel FXLMS Algorithm for FIR Filter Weight Adaptation	36	(1)
Feedforward Control	36	(6)
Delayed FXLMS Algorithm	42	(1)
Feedback Control	42	(1)
Hybrid Feedforward / Feedback Control	43	(1)
Cancellation Path Transfer Function (or Impulse Response) Estimation	44	(2)
Random Noise Modelling Signal	46	(1)
Overall Modelling	47	(2)
Comparison of Pseudo-Random Noise and Overall Modelling Approaches	49	(1)
Leaky Single-Channel FXLMS Algorithm	49	(1)
Multi-Channel FXLMS Algorithm	50	(1)
Frequency Domain FXLMS Algorithm	51	(1)
Filtered-U RLMS Algorithms for IIR Filters	52	(1)
Genetic Agorithms	53	(3)
Killing Selection Instead of Survivor Selection	56	(1)
Weight String Instead of Binary Encoding	57	(1)
Mutation Probability and Amplitude	57	(1)
Rank-Based Selection (Killing and Breeding)	57	(1)
Uniform Crossover	58	(1)
Genetic Algorithm Parameter Adjustment	58	(1)
Performance Measurement	58	(1)
Waveform Synthesis	59	(1)
Important Controller Implementation Issues	60	(9)
Microprocessor Selection	60	(1)
Converter Type and Group Delay Considerations	61	(1)
Digital Sampling Rate	62	(1)
Algorithm Considerations	63	(1)
Accuracy of Controller Output	63	(1)
Estimation of The Potential of ANC Without Using a Controller	64	(1)
Controller Processor Overload	65	(1)
Number of Error Signals	66	(3)
Active Noise Control Sources	69	(12)
Introduction	69	(1)
Acoustic Sources	69	(6)
Loudspeakers	69	(3)
Tuned Cavity-Backed Panels	72	(1)
Acoustic Boundary Control	73	(2)
Tuned Resonator	75	(1)
Compressed Air Sources	75	(1)
Vibration Sources	75	(6)
Piezo-Electric Patch Actuators	76	(1)
Piezo-Electric Stack and Magnetostrictive Actuators	77	(1)
Inertial Actuators	78	(1)
Distributed Vibration Actuators, Shaped Vibration Actuators and Actuator Grouping	78	(2)
Tuned Vibration Absorbers	80	(1)
Other Types of Vibration Actuator	80	(1)
Reference and Error Sensing	81	(30)
Microphones	81	(2)
Tachometer Reference Signal	83	(4)
Waveform Synthesis	84	(1)
Filtering	84	(1)
Non-Linear Transformation	85	(1)
Simple Look-Up Tables	85	(1)
Time Domain Measurement	86	(1)
Sound Intensity	87	(1)
Energy Density	88	(5)
Virtual Sensing	93	(4)
Virtual Sound Pressure (Virtual Microphone)	93	(1)
Transfer Function Method	93	(1)
Forward Prediction Method	94	(2)
Virtual Energy Density	96	(1)
Vibration Sensing of Sound Radiation	97	(9)
Control Algorithms for Various Sensing Strategies	106	(5)
Shaped or Distributed Structural Sensors	106	(1)
Sound Intensity	107	(3)
Energy Density	110	(1)
Applications of Active Noise Control	111	(22)
Some General Considerations	111	(1)
Application Examples	112	(18)
Sound Propagation in Ducts	112	(1)
Plane Wave Propagation	112	(2)
Higher Order Mode Propagation	114	(1)
Hybrid Active/Passive Silencers	114	(1)
Sound Radiation From Vibrating Structures	114	(1)
Physical Control Mechanisms	115	(2)
Active Headsets and Ear Muffs	117	(1)
Feedback Systems	118	(3)
Feedforward Systems	121	(1)
Transducer Considerations	122	(1)
Sound Transmission Into Enclosed Spaces	123	(4)
Global Reduction of Low Frequency Tonal Noise in Propeller Aircraft	127	(1)
Reduction of Interior Noise in Diesel Engine-Driven, Mobile Mining Equipment	128	(1)
Local Reduction of Broadband Noise in Large Aircraft	128	(1)
Global Reduction of Low Frequency Road Noise in Cars	128	(1)
Reduction of Low Frequency Sound Transmission Through Double Panel Walls	129	(1)
Active Vibration Isolation	129	(1)
Reduction of Engine Noise Transmitted Into Passenger Cars in the Low to Mid-Frequency Range	129	(1)
Reduction of Noise Generated by Naval Ships	130	(1)
Examples of Applications Which are Impractical	130	(3)
Global Reduction of Broadband or High Frequency Tonal Noise in Large Aircraft	130	(1)
Global Reduction of Broadband or Transient Noise Transmitted into a Building Space	130	(1)
Reduction of Traffic or Aircraft Flyover Noise Transmitted into a Building	131	(1)
Global Reduction of Tonal or Periodic Noise in a Large Space Such as a Factory That Contains Many Noise Sources	131	(1)
Global Reduction of Broadband Noise in a Large Factory	131	(1)
Reduction of Broadband Noise Outdoors	131	(1)
Reduction of Transient Noise Outdoors	132	(1)
REFERENCES	133	(16)
APPENDIX A. A LITTLE MATHS	149	(4)
A.1 Introduction	149	(1)
A.2 Vectors	149	(1)
A.3 Matrices	149	(1)
A.4 Quadratic Optimisation	150	(3)
APPENDIX B ADDITIONAL INFORMATION	153	(2)
B.1 Current Research	153	(1)
B.2 Useful Web-Sites for More Information	153	(2)
B.2.1 General information	153	(1)
B.2.2 Commercial Products and Demonstrations	154	(1)
B.2.3 Research Organisations and Universities	154	(1)
Index	155