Memorix Physiology

by Schmidt, Robert F.; Willis, W. D.; Reuss, L.

• ISBN13: 9780412714405
• ISBN10: 041271440X
• Edition: Miniature
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-01-28
• Publisher: Hodder Education Publishers

Summary

The Memorix series consists of easy-to-use pocket-sized books in a number of different medical and surgical specialities. They contain a vast amount of practical information in very concise form through the extensive use of tables and charts, lists and hundreds of clear line diagrams, often in two colours. 'Memorix Physiology' provides the essentials of the subject and will appeal to undergraduates and junior doctors as well as other health professionals. The book is presented in the usual, user-friendly Memorix style, but also contains over 200 illustrations in full colour for even greater clarity.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Short contents	xiii
Biophysical and cellular fundamentals	1	(9)
Physiological units of measurement	1	(1)
General cell physiology	2	(3)
Information exchange (signal transmission, communication) between cells	5	(5)
Electrical excitation	10	(8)
Survey of the basic phenomena	10	(1)
Molecular basis of the resting potential	11	(2)
Molecular basis of the action potential	13	(2)
Electrotonus and stimulus	15	(1)
Conduction of the action potential	16	(2)
Synaptic transmission	18	(10)
Neuromuscular junction: prototype of chemical synapses	18	(3)
Central excitatory chemical synapses	21	(1)
Central inhibitory chemical synapses	22	(2)
Mechanisms of synaptic interaction and plasticity	24	(1)
Synaptic plasticity	25	(2)
Electrical synapses	27	(1)
General sensory physiology	28	(6)
Basic concepts of sensory physiology	28	(2)
General objective sensory physiology	30	(3)
General objective sensory physiology (perception psychology)	33	(1)
Somatovisceral sensibility	34	(10)
Mechanoreception (sense of touch)	34	(2)
Proprioception (deep sensibility)	36	(1)
Thermoreception (sense of temperature)	37	(2)
Visceral sensibility	39	(1)
Central transfer and processing of somatovisceral information	40	(4)
Nociception and pain	44	(6)
Characterization of pain	44	(2)
Neurophysiology of pain (nociception)	46	(1)
Pathophysiology of nociception and pain	47	(1)
Endogenous and exogenous inhibition of pain	48	(1)
Itch	49	(1)
Visual system	50	(15)
The eye and its optical system (dioptric apparatus)	50	(4)
Psychophysiology of vision	54	(3)
Color vision	57	(2)
Oculomotor and gaze-directing functions	59	(3)
Signal processing in the visual system	62	(3)
Equilibrium sense and hearing	65	(10)
Peripheral and central vestibular system	65	(2)
Psychoacoustics	67	(2)
Clinical tests of hearing ability	69	(1)
Functions of the middle and inner car	70	(3)
Auditory signal processing	73	(2)
Taste and smell	75	(4)
Sense of taste	75	(1)
Sense of smell	76	(3)
Basic concepts in regulation	79	(2)
Muscle	81	(8)
Molecular mechanism of contraction	81	(2)
Muscle mechanics	83	(2)
Neural control of muscle contraction	85	(1)
Muscle energetics	86	(1)
Smooth musculature	87	(1)
Pathophysiological aspects	88	(1)
Motor nervous system	89	(12)
Somatosensory inputs to the motor system	89	(1)
Components and functions of the motor system	90	(2)
Motor functions of the spinal cord: reflexes	92	(3)
Motor functions of the brainstem: postural functions	95	(1)
Functions of the areas of the motor cortex: goal-directed (voluntary) movement	96	(1)
Functions of the cerebellum	97	(2)
Functions of the basal ganglia	99	(2)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)	101	(8)
Peripheral ANS	101	(2)
Synaptic and hormonal transmission in the ANS	103	(2)
Spinal and supraspinal organization of the ANS	105	(3)
Cross-references relating to special aspects of the ANS	108	(1)
Integrative functions of the central nervous system (CNS)	109	(18)
Definition and localization of integrative functions	109	(1)
General physiology of the cerebral cortex	110	(2)
Electroencephalogram (EEG): event-related potentials (ERPs)	112	(3)
Imaging methods to reveal the activity, metabolism and circulatory status of the brain	115	(1)
Circadian periodicity	115	(1)
Sleep and dreaming	116	(4)
Consciousness, language, cerebral asymmetry	120	(3)
Plasticity, learning, memory	123	(4)
Motivation and emotion	127	(6)
Basic concepts related to motivation	127	(1)
Thirst and hunger	128	(1)
Sexuality and reproduction	128	(1)
Learned motivation and addiction	129	(2)
Basic concepts related to emotion	131	(1)
Neurobiology of avoidance (fear and anxiety, BIS)	131	(1)
Neurobiology of approach (BAS) and of aggression	132	(1)
Thirst and hunger	133	(4)
Thirst and the quenching of thirst	133	(2)
Hunger and satiety	135	(2)
Endocrinology	137	(10)
General endocrinology	137	(1)
Posterior pituitary (PP), neurohypophysis	138	(1)
Anterior pituitary (AP), adenohypophysis	139	(2)
Thyroid gland	141	(1)
Adrenal cortex	142	(1)
Hormones of the adrenal medulla (AM)	143	(1)
Pancreatic hormones	144	(2)
Cross-references for the description of other hormone systems in this book	146	(1)
Blood	147	(11)
Composition of the blood	147	(1)
Components of the plasma and its functions	148	(2)
Properties and functions of erythrocytes	150	(1)
Human blood groups	151	(1)
Properties and function of leukocytes	152	(2)
Hemostasis, clotting, fibrinolysis	154	(4)
The heart	158	(16)
Basic mechanisms of cardiac excitation	158	(3)
Autonomic and afferent innervation of the heart	161	(5)
The heart as a pump	166	(6)
Energetics of the heart	172	(1)
Coronary blood flow	173	(1)
Circulation of the blood	174	(18)
Survey of arterial and venous circulation	174	(3)
Hemodynamics	177	(3)
The arterial pulse	180	(1)
Blood pressure and its measurement	181	(1)
Venous system (low-pressure system)	182	(2)
Microcirculation and the lymphatic system	184	(2)
Regulation of regional (local) blood flow	186	(2)
Regulation of circulation 1: short-term mechanisms	188	(1)
Regulation of circulation 2: medium-term mechanisms	189	(1)
Regulation of circulation 3: lone-term mechanisms	189	(1)
Special features of subdivisions of the circulatory system	190	(1)
Fetal circulation	191	(1)
Pulmonary respiration	192	(12)
Synopsis of important functional data on respiration	192	(1)
Physical fundamentals	193	(1)
Ventilation of the lungs	194	(2)
Respiratory mechanics	196	(3)
Gas exchange in the lungs	199	(2)
The control of breathing	201	(3)
Respiratory gas transport and acid-base status of the blood	204	(8)
O2 transport function of the blood	205	(1)
CO2 transport function of the blood	206	(1)
Acid-base status of the blood	207	(4)
Diagnosis of acid-base status	211	(1)
Tissue respiration	212	(4)
Tissue O2 consumption, tissue metabolism	212	(2)
Regulation of O2 supply	214	(1)
Effects of O2 deficiency	215	(1)
Energy balance	216	(3)
Parameters of metabolism	216	(1)
General principles	217	(1)
Assessment of metabolic rate by measurement of O2 consumption (indirect method)	217	(1)
Calorimetric measurement of metabolic rate (direct method)	218	(1)
Measurement of O2 consumption (i.e. O2 uptake)	218	(1)
Thermal balance and temperature regulation	219	(8)
Heat production and body temperature in humans	219	(1)
Heat loss	220	(2)
Control of body temperature	222	(3)
Ontogenetic and adaptive changes in thermoregulation	225	(1)
Pathophysiological aspects of thermoregulation	226	(1)
Work and sport physiology	227	(6)
Basic terminology of work physiology	227	(1)
Adjustments to physical work	228	(2)
Performance limits, performance ranges	230	(1)
Training	231	(2)
Environmental physiology	233	(3)
High-altitude physiology	233	(2)
Physiology of diving, life at high pressure	235	(1)
Gastrointestinal tract (GIT)	236	(14)
Structure and general characteristics of the GIT	236	(2)
Motility of the GIT	238	(3)
Secretion, digestion, absorption in the GIT	241	(8)
Neural control of intestinal evacuation	249	(1)
Kidneys	250	(10)
Survey of functions, structure, mechanisms	250	(2)
Glomerular filtration	252	(1)
Measurement of GFR, clearance	253	(1)
Clearance and tubule transport of organic substances	254	(1)
Reabsorption of salt and water	255	(1)
Mechanisms of concentration and dilution of the urine	256	(1)
Special forms of tubule transport	257	(1)
Cellular transport mechanisms in the proximal tubule and collecting duct	258	(1)
Important cross-references	259	(1)
Water and electrolyte balance	260	(5)
Water balance	260	(2)
Electrolyte balance	262	(3)
Reproductive physiology	265	(5)
Hormonal regulation of male sexual functions	265	(1)
Hormonal regulation of female sexual functions	266	(2)
Male and female puberty, menopause	268	(1)
Pregnancy, birth, lactation	268	(2)
References	270	(5)
Index	275