Mental Logic

by Braine, Martin D.S.; O'Brien, David P.; Braine, Martin

• ISBN13: 9780805823882
• ISBN10: 0805823883
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-04-01
• Publisher: Lawrence Erlbau

Summary

Over the past decade, the question of whether there is a mental logic has become subject to considerable debate. There have been attacks by critics who believe that all reasoning uses mental models and return attacks on mental-models theory. This controversy has invaded various journals and has created issues between mental logic and the biases-and-heuristics approach to reasoning, and the content-dependent theorists. However, despite its pertinence to current issues in cognition, few cognitive scientists really know what the mental-logic theory is, and misapprehensions are prevalent. This volume is a comprehensive presentation of the theory of mental logic and its implications for cognition and development, including the acquisition of language. The theory offered here has three parts. Part I is the mental logic per sethat contains a set of inference schemas. Part II is a reasoning program that applies the schemas in lines of reasoning, including a direct-reasoning routine and more sophisticated indirect-reasoning strategies. Part III of the theory is pragmatic, proposing that the basic meaning of each logic particle is in the inferences that are sanctioned by its inference schemas.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction: Some Background to the Mental-Logic Theory and to the Book	1	(6)
David P. O'Brien
2. Why It Took So Long to Bake the Mental-Logic Cake: Historical Analysis of the Recipe and Its Ingredients	7	(16)
Luca Bonatti
3. Mental Logic and Irrationality: We Can Put a Man on the Moon So Why Can't We Solve Those Logical Reasoning Problems?	23	(22)
David P. O'Brien
4. How to Investigate Mental Logic and the Syntax of Thought	45	(18)
Martin D. S. Braine
David P. O'Brien
5. Logical Inferences and Comprehension: How Mental-Logic and Text Processing Theories Need Each Other	63	(16)
R. Brooke Lea
6. The Theory of Mental-Propositional Logic: Description and Illustration	79	(12)
Martin D. S. Braine
David P. O'Brien
7. Evidence for the Theory: Predicting the Difficulty of Propositional Logic Inference Problems	91	(54)
Martin D. S. Braine
Brian J. Reiser
Barbara Rumain
8. Further Evidence for the Theory: Predicting Intermediate and Multiple Conclusions in Propositional Logic Inference Problems	145	(54)
Martin D. S. Braine
David P. O'Brien
Ira A. Noveck
Mark C. Samuels
R. Brooke Lea
Shalom M. Fisch
Yingrui Yang
9. A Theory of If: A Lexical Entry, Reasoning Program, and Pragmatic Principles	199	(46)
Martin D. S. Braine
David P. O'Brien
10. Conditional Reasoning: The Logic of Supposition and Children's Understanding of Pretense	245	(28)
David P. O'Brien
Maria G. Dias
Antonio Roazzi
Martin D.S. Braine
11. Steps Toward a Mental-Predicate Logic	273	(60)
Martin D.S. Braine
12. Some Empirical Justification of the Mental-Predicate-Logic Model	333	(34)
Yingrui Yang
Martin D.S. Braine
David P. O'Brien
13. Leveling the Playing Field: Investigating Competing Claims Concerning Relative Inference Difficulty	367	(18)
Ira A. Noveck
Guy Politzer
14. A Case Study in the Mental Models and Mental-Logic Debate: Conditional Syllogisms	385	(36)
David P. O'Brien
Maria G. Dias
Antonio Roazzi
15. A Dubious Premise: Suppressibility of Modus Ponens	421	(14)
David P. O'Brien
Maria G. Dias
Joseph R. Hosie
16. What the Mental Logic-Mental Models Controversy Is Not About	435	(12)
Luca Bonatti
17. Pinocchio's Nose Knows: Preschool Children Recognize That a Pragmatic Rule Can Be Violated, an Indicative Conditional Can Be Falsified, and That a Broken Promise is a False Promise	447	(12)
David P. O'Brien
Maria G. Dias
Antonio Roazzi
Joshua B. Cantor
References	459	(14)
Author Index	473	(6)
Subject Index	479