Mental Retardation

by Drew, Clifford J.; Hardman, Michael L.

• ISBN13: 9780131112162
• ISBN10: 0131112163
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

Provides an introduction to mental retardation that is readable and comprehensive, and which reflects the broad array of stories associated with this disability. The authors combine a developmental approach-discussing their subject as it evolves from birth to the elder years-with a multidisciplinary perspective that acknowledges the need for collaboration in regard to diagnosis and intervention in order to effectively assist people with mental retardation and their families. Coverage pays particular attention to multicultural issues and incorporates the latest research in the field. For future special education teachers, or those in the psychology and social work field.

Author Biography

Michael L. Hardman is the associate dean for research in the College of Education and department chair and professor in special education at the University of Utah.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Multidisciplinary Perspectives

Historical Perspectives

Disciplines and Professions

Concepts, Definitions, and Classification

Mental Retardation as a Concept

Mental Retardation: A Definition in Transition

Incidence and Prevalence

Classification

Cross-Categorical Issues

Purposes and Uses of Definitions and Classifications

Multicultural Issues

Associated Influences

Issues of Assessment and Intervention

Human Development and Multicultural Issues

Assessment and Identification

Assessment Issues and Procedures

Issues and Concepts

Early Life

Preschool Years

Elementary School Years

Adolescent and Adult Years

Understanding Intelligence and Adaptive Skills

The Concept of Intelligence

Development of Intelligence

Measurement of Intelligence

Development and Causation

Basic Principles of Early Development

Human Development: Terminology, Concepts, and Theory

The Developmental Process

Prenatal Development

Early Influences and Causation

Early Causation: The Fetus and Infant at Risk

Professional Intervention

Preschool and School Years

Infancy and Early Childhood

Physical Development

Professional and Parental Intervention

Language Development

Cognitive Development

Psychosocial Development

The Elementary School-Age Child

Cognitive Development

Learning Characteristics

Adaptive Skills

Motivation

Physical and Health Characteristics

Educational Programs and Placement

Instructional Approaches

Educating the Culturally Different Child

Adolescence and the Transitional Years

Expected Outcomes of Secondary Education Programs

Employment Preparation

Teaching Adaptive Skills

Teaching Academic Skills

Transition Planning

Adulthood and Aging

The Adult Years

Community Living

Institutional Living

Competitive Employment

Sheltered Employment

Challenges of Aging

Research on Aging and Retardation

Characteristics of the Older Person with Mental Retardation

Programming and Future Research

Family and Social Issues

Family Issues

The Impact of the Child with Mental Retardation on the Family

Supporting the Family

The Needs of the Child

The Needs of Siblings

Social and Ethical Issues

Background

The Life Cycle: Issues and Ethics

Research and Professional Ethics

Glossary

Name Index

Subject Index

Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Excerpts

We are pleased to present the eighth edition ofMental Retardation: A Lifespan Approach to People with Intellectual Disabilities.Our intent with this book is to provide an introduction to intellectual disabilities that is readable, comprehensive, and reflective of the broad array of associated human stories. This volume is strongly based in human development, as suggested by the title. One of our earlier reviewers termed it "womb to tomb." You will follow the development of individuals with intellectual disabilities from conception through birth, infancy, and early childhood and then through the elementary school, adolescent, and adult years. Mental retardation is a field in which this complete cycle of human life is important for a full understanding of the challenges and issues involved. We also examine mental retardation from the perspective of many disciplines, which is essential with this disability. A diagnosis of intellectual disabilities and the resulting treatment or intervention may come from any of several disciplines and often requires their united efforts. It is important to examine collaboration among disciplines and its impact on the person with intellectual disabilities and his or her family. Mental retardation has always presented unique challenges to society and its various government and private agencies as they respond to, interact with, and assist these people and their families. This text is designed primarily for students in education and the social and behavioral sciences who are at the upper-division undergraduate or beginning graduate level. Students in general and special education, psychology, educational psychology, sociology, rehabilitation, and social work will find the book particularly relevant to their preparation. Premed students and individuals anticipating professional work in nursing, law, and administration will also find information that facilitates their careers. Changes in This Edition This edition includes many changes suggested by rewiewers and our students. We have combined some topics, reorganized others, and eliminated discussions of some areas where students and reviewers thought such changes were important. The title and language used in this edition also reflect changes that are emerging in our field.Intellectual disabilitiesis a term that is beginning to replacemental retardation.This change reflects the expanded understanding of a complex condition that has many intertwined causes, many developmental trajectories, and a growing array of interventions. To some degree, we have usedintellectual disabilitiesandmental retardationinterchangeably as this transition emerges. This approach is employed to facilitate communication with our readers as the field moves forward. This edition also has updated and expanded coverage of a number of growing areas related to mental retardation. In all areas, we have attempted to personalize the discussions, opening, it is hoped, the human and personal sides of people with intellectual disabilities to your examination. It is important for our readers to understand this facet of mental retardation and always remember that this is not just a topic to be studied in class--it is a collection of human stories depicting a variety of human challenges. Our chapter on multicultural issues related to the risks of intellectual disabilities continues to evolve as this broad area of concern matures. In addition to material in this chapter, other topics relevant to multicultural issues, such as assessment bias and educational supports, are integrated throughout the text. Other areas of discussion also continue to mature in a manner that permits a more complete attainment of our original goals for the text. For example, the text continues to focus on the full cycle of human development. Consequently, as the body of research on infants, toddlers, adults, and senior citizens w