Mental Retardation: The Developmental-difference Controversy

by Zigler; E.

• ISBN13: 9780898591705
• ISBN10: 0898591708
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1983-01-01
• Publisher: Lawrence Erlbau

Table of Contents

PART I: THE DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH
Introduction: The Developmental Approach to Mental Retardation	3	(6)
Edward Zigler
David Balla
The Developmental Position	4	(2)
The Difference Positions	6	(1)
The Developmental-Difference Controversy	7	(2)
Motivational and Personality Factors in the Performance of the Retarded	9	(18)
Edward Zigler
David Balla
Factors Influencing Motivation in Retarded Persons	11	(11)
Conclusions	22	(1)
References	22	(5)
Learned Helplessness and the Retarded Child	27	(14)
John R. Weisz
Research on Learned Helplessness in Retarded Populations	29	(7)
Some Thoughts on Future Directions for Research on Helplessness in Retarded Children	36	(2)
References	38	(3)
Impact of Institutional Experience on the Behavior and Development of Retarded Persons	41	(20)
David Balla
Edward Zigler
Conclusions	55	(1)
References	56	(5)
PART II: THE DIFFERENCE POSITIONS
Rigidity---A Resilient Concept	61	(22)
Edward Zigler
David Balla
The Lewin-Kounin Formulation	62	(4)
The Criticisms of Goldstein and Werner	66	(4)
Empirical Tests of the Lewin-Kounin Formulation	70	(4)
The Motivational Alternative to the Rigidity Formulation	74	(4)
Contemporary Variants of the Rigidity Position	78	(2)
References	80	(3)
Psychological Studies of Mental Deficiency in the Soviet Union	83	(16)
A. R. Luria
References	98	(1)
The Developmental-Difference Controversy in Verbal Mediation of Behavior	99	(22)
Rosa Cascione
References	119	(2)
Research Perspectives in Mental Retardation	121	(34)
Norman R. Ellis
Albert R. Cavalier
References	149	(6)
PART III: THE DEVELOPMENTAL-DIFFERENCE CONTROVERSY
The Rationale and Irrational in Zigler's Motivational Approach to Mental Retardation	155	(8)
Norman A. Milgram
References	161	(2)
Developmental Versus Difference Theories of Mental Retardation and the Problem of Motivation	163	(26)
Edward Zigler
Developmental Theory and a Model of Cognitive Development	165	(4)
Cognitive Level and the Role of the MA	169	(8)
Representative Difference or Defect Positions	177	(4)
Relevance of the Two-Group Approach	181	(5)
References	186	(3)
A Behavioral Research Strategy in Mental Retardation: Defense and Critique	189	(14)
Norman R. Ellis
References	202	(1)
Mental Retardation	203	(4)
Morton Weir
References	205	(2)
MA, IQ, and the Developmental Difference Controversy	207	(6)
Edward Zigler
References	210	(3)
Piagetian Evidence and the Developmental-Difference Controversy	213	(64)
John R. Weisz
Keith O. Yeates
Edward Zigler
The Developmental-Difference Controversy: Two Attendant Hypotheses	214	(4)
Evidence on the Similar-Sequence Hypothesis	218	(21)
Status of Evidence on the Similar-Sequence Hypothesis	239	(1)
Critique of the Evidence	240	(1)
Toward Improved Research	241	(1)
Evidence on the Similar-Structure Hypothesis	242	(1)
Methodological Issues Involved in Structuring a Fair Test	242	(3)
Surveying the Studies	245	(16)
Status of Evidence on the Similar-Structure Hypothesis	261	(8)
Overview and Concluding Comments	269	(1)
References	269	(8)
Possible Contributions of the Study of Organically Retarded Persons to Developmental Theory	277	(42)
Dante Cicchetti
Petra Pogge-Hesse
Introduction	277	(3)
Processes Involved in Skill Acquisition	280	(2)
Ways in Which the Investigation of Abnormal Development Contributes to the Formulation of Theories of Normal Development	282	(2)
The Organismic/Developmental (``Liberal'') Position	284	(5)
Zigler's Developmental (``Conservative'') Position	289	(1)
Expansion of Zigler's Position in Terms of the Liberal Developmental Model	290	(2)
An Organizational View of Development: Illustration from the Study of Down Syndrome Infants and Toddlers	292	(16)
Future Perspective	308	(5)
References	313	(6)
Author Index	319	(8)
Subject Index	327