Metamaterials

by Cui, Tie Jun; Smith, David R.; Liu, Ruopeng

• ISBN13: 9781441905727
• ISBN10: 1441905723
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-12-30
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Metamaterials:Theory, Design, and Applications goes beyond left-handed materials (LHM) or negative index materials (NIM) and focuses on recent research activity. Included here is an introduction to optical transformation theory, revealing invisible cloaks, EM concentrators, beam splitters, and new-type antennas, a presentation of general theory on artificial metamaterials composed of periodic structures, coverage of a new rapid design method for inhomogeneous metamaterials, which makes it easier to design a cloak, and new developments including but not limited to experimental verification of invisible cloaks, FDTD simulations of invisible cloaks, the microwave and RF applications of metamaterials, sub-wavelength imaging using anisotropic metamaterials, dynamical metamaterial systems, photonic metamaterials, and magnetic plasmon effects of metamaterials.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Metamaterials	p. 1
What Is Metamaterial?	p. 1
From Left-Handed Material to Invisible Cloak: A Brief History	p. 4
Optical Transformation and Control of Electromagnetic Waves	p. 5
Homogenization of Artificial Particles and Effective Medium Theory	p. 6
General Description	p. 6
A TL-Metamaterial Example	p. 8
Rapid Design of Metamaterials	p. 14
Resonant and Non-resonant Metamaterials	p. 14
Applications of Metamaterials	p. 16
Computational Electromagnetics: A New Aspect of Metamaterials	p. 16
References	p. 17
Optical Transformation Theory	p. 21
Introduction	p. 21
Optical Transformation Medium	p. 22
Transformation Devices	p. 25
Invisibility Cloaks	p. 25
EM Concentrators	p. 33
EM-Field and Polarization Rotators	p. 35
Wave-Shape Transformers	p. 36
EM-Wave Bending	p. 37
More Invisibility Devices	p. 39
Other Optical-Transformation Devices	p. 41
Summary	p. 43
References	p. 44
General Theory on Artificial Metamaterials	p. 49
Local Field Response and Spatial Dispersion Effect on Metamaterials	p. 50
Spatial Dispersion Model on Artificial Metamaterials	p. 53
Explanation of the Behavior on Metamaterial Structures	p. 55
Verification of the Spatial Dispersion Model	p. 56
References	p. 58
Rapid Design for Metamaterials	p. 61
Introduction	p. 62
The Algorithm of Rapid Design for Metamaterials	p. 63
Schematic Description of Rapid Design	p. 63
Particle Level Design	p. 64
Examples	p. 75
Gradient Index Lens by ELC	p. 75
Gradient-Index Metamaterials Designed with Three Variables	p. 79
Reduced Parameter Invisible Cloak	p. 79
Metamaterial Polarizer	p. 81
Summary	p. 82
References	p. 83
Broadband and Low-Loss Non-Resonant Metamaterials	p. 87
Analysis of the Metamaterial Structure	p. 87
Demonstration of Broadband Inhomogeneous Metamaterials	p. 93
References	p. 96
Experiment on Cloaking Devices	p. 99
Invisibility Cloak Design in Free Space	p. 99
Transformation Optics Approach to Theoretical Design of Broadband Ground Plane Cloak	p. 103
Metamaterial Structure Design to Implement Ground-Plane Cloak	p. 106
Experimental Measurement Platform	p. 108
Field Measurement on the Ground-Plane Cloak	p. 110
Power and Standing Wave Measurement on the Ground-Plane Cloak	p. 112
Conclusion	p. 114
References	p. 114
Finite-Difference Time-Domain Modeling of Electromagnetic Cloaks	p. 115
Introduction	p. 116
FDTD Modeling of Two-Dimehsional Lossy Cylindrical Cloaks	p. 117
Derivation of the Method	p. 117
Discussion and Stability Analysis	p. 124
Numerical Results	p. 126
Parallel Dispersive FDTD Modeling of Three-Dimensional Spherical Cloaks	p. 131
FDTD Modeling of the Ground-Plane Cloak	p. 144
Conclusion	p. 150
References	p. 151
Compensated Anisotropic Metamaterials: Manipulating Sub-wavelength Images	p. 155
Introduction	p. 155
Compensated Anisotropic Metamaterial Bilayer	p. 157
Anisotropic Metamaterials	p. 158
Compensated Bilayer of AMMs	p. 159
Sub-wavelength Imaging by Compensated Anisotropic Metamaterial Bilayer	p. 161
Compensated AMM Bilayer Lens	p. 161
Loss and Retardation Effects	p. 163
Compensated Anisotropic Metamaterial Prisms: Manipulating Sub-wavelength Images	p. 165
General Compensated Bilayer Structure	p. 166
Compensated AMM Prism Structures	p. 167
Realizing Compensated AMM Bilayer Lens by Transmission-Line Metamaterials	p. 172
Transmission Line Models of AMMs	p. 172
Realization of Compensated Bilayer Lens Through TL Metamaterials	p. 174
Simulation and Measurement of the TL Bilayer Lens	p. 176
Summary	p. 179
References	p. 180
The Dynamical Study of the Metamaterial Systems	p. 183
Introduction	p. 183
The Temporal Coherence Gain of the Negative-Index Superlens Image	p. 186
The Physical Picture and the Essential Elements of the Dynamical Process for Dispersive Cloaking Structures	p. 192
Limitation of the Electromagnetic Cloak with Dispersive Material	p. 198
Expanding the Working Frequency Range of Cloak	p. 204
Summary	p. 212
References	p. 212
Photonic Metamaterials Based on Fractal Geometry	p. 215
Introduction	p. 215
Electric Metamaterials Based on Fractal Geometry	p. 218
Characterization and Modeling of a Metallic Fractal Plate	p. 218
Mimicking Photonic Bandgap Materials	p. 222
Subwavelength Reflectivity	p. 223
Magnetic Metamaterials Based on Fractal Geometry	p. 225
Characterizations and Modeling of the Fractal Magnetic Metamaterial	p. 225
A Typical Application of the Fractal Magnetic Metamaterial	p. 229
Plasmonic Metamaterials Based on Fractal Geometry	p. 229
SPP Band Structures of Fractal Plasmonic Metamaterials	p. 229
Extraordinary Optical Transmissions Through Fractal Plasmonic Metamaterials	p. 232
Super Imaging with a Fractal Plasmonic Metamaterial as a Lens	p. 236
Other Applications of Fractal Photonic Metamaterials	p. 238
Perfect EM Wave Tunneling Through Negative Permittivity Medium	p. 239
Manipulating Light Polarizations with Anisotropic Magnetic Metamaterials	p. 241
Conclusions	p. 243
References	p. 243
Magnetic Plasmon Modes Introduced by the Coupling Effect in Metamaterials	p. 247
Introduction	p. 248
Hybrid Magnetic Plasmon Modes in Two Coupled Magnetic Resonators	p. 251
Magnetic Plasmon Modes in One-Dimensional Chain of Resonators	p. 256
Magnetic Plasmon Modes in Two-Dimensional Metamaterials	p. 262
Outlook	p. 265
References	p. 266
Enhancing Light Coupling with Plasmonic Optical Antennas	p. 271
Introduction	p. 271
Fabrication Methods	p. 275
Electron Beam Lithography	p. 275
Solid-State Superionic Stamping	p. 276
Measurement and Analysis	p. 277
Optical Scattering by Nanoantennas	p. 278
Cathodoluminescence Spectroscopy	p. 283
Application	p. 287
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy	p. 287
Summary	p. 290
References	p. 290
Wideband and Low-Loss Metamaterials for Microwave and RF Applications: Fast Algorithm and Antenna Design	p. 293
Adaptive Integral Method (AIM) for Left-Handed Material (LHM) Simulation	p. 294
Hybrid Volume-Surface Integral Equation (VSIE) and MoM for SRRs	p. 294
Formulations for AIM	p. 296
Numerical Results of AIM Simulation	p. 298
ASED-AIM for LHM Numerical Simulations	p. 300
Formulations for Hybrid VSIE and ASED-AIM	p. 301
Computational Complexity and Memory Requirement for the ASED-AIM	p. 304
Numerical Results of the ASED-AIM	p. 305
A Novel Design of Wideband LHM Antenna for Microwave/RF Applications	p. 311
Microstrip Patch Antenna and LHM Applications	p. 311
A Novel Design of Wideband LH Antenna	p. 311
Simulation and Measurement Results	p. 313
References	p. 317
Experiments and Applications of Metamaterials in Microwave Regime	p. 321
Introduction	p. 321
Gradient Index Circuit by Waveguided Metamaterials	p. 322
Experimental Demonstration of Electromagnetic Tunneling Through an Epsilon-Near-Zero Metamaterial at Microwave Frequencies	p. 327
Partial Focusing by Indefinite Complementary Metamaterials	p. 332
A Metamaterial Luneberg Lens Antenna	p. 338
Metamaterial Polarizers by Electric-Field-Coupled Resonators	p. 341
An Efficient Broadband Metamaterial Wave Retarder	p. 347
References	p. 353
Left-handed Transmission Line of Low Pass and Its Applications	p. 357
Introduction	p. 357
Theory	p. 358
Application: A 180° Hybrid Ring (Rat-Race)	p. 362
Conclusion	p. 364
Reference	p. 364
Index	p. 365
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