Methamphetamine Use

by Yudko, Errol; Hall, Harold V.; McPherson, Sandra B.

• ISBN13: 9780849314773
• ISBN10: 0849314771
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-06-26
• Publisher: CRC

Summary

Growing in popularity more than any other illegal drug, methamphetamine has been shown to produce a paranoid psychotic state, which may recur months or years after use. The first to cover virtually every aspect of amphetamine/methamphetamine use and abuse, this book reviews the history, pharmacology, pathology, and physiology of methamphetamine as well as its use in criminal forensic cases. It addresses Daubert considerations as well as victim/witness credibility, competency to confess and to stand trial, criminal responsibility, extreme emotion as mitigation to murder, and dangerousness. It also details statutes and case law to represent perspectives of both the prosecution and the defense.

Author Biography

Errol Yudko is an Assistant Professor of Psychology at the University of Hawaii at Hilo.

Table of Contents

The Authors	xi
Acknowledgments	xiii
Introduction	xv
Section I History and Epidemiology
History of Methamphetamine	3	(10)
Ephedra	5	(1)
The Spread of Methamphetamine Use in the U.S.	6	(1)
Hawaii and Ice	7	(2)
Current Trends	9	(1)
References	10	(3)
Epidemiology	13	(2)
References	14	(1)
Methamphetamine and the Middle East	15	(10)
Introduction	15	(1)
Geopolitical Interconnections	16	(2)
Government Complicity as a Factor	18	(1)
Business Aspects: Ecstasy as a Case in Point	19	(1)
Cultural Factors and Treatment Implications	19	(2)
Comparative Drug Use Patterns	21	(1)
Treatment Approaches	21	(1)
Conclusion	22	(1)
References	23	(2)
MDMA	25	(12)
Myths about MDMA Use	25	(1)
Neurotoxic Properties of MDMA in Nonhuman Animals	26	(1)
Neurotoxic Properties of MDMA in Humans	27	(2)
Conclusions	29	(1)
References	30	(7)
Section II Physiology, Effects, and Diagnosis of Methamphetamine Use
Physiology	37	(10)
Neurotransmitter Action	37	(1)
Control of Neurotransmitter Levels	38	(1)
Physiological Effects of Amphetamine	38	(2)
Tolerance and Sensitization	40	(1)
Neurotoxicity	40	(1)
Neuropharmacology of Amphetamines	41	(1)
References	42	(5)
Effects of Methamphetamine Use	47	(8)
Cerebral Injury and Death from Methamphetamine Use	47	(1)
The Unpredictable Effects of Methamphetamine	48	(3)
References	51	(4)
Diagnosis of Methamphetamine Use	55	(12)
The Symptomatic Patterns	55	(4)
Diagnosing Methamphetamine Syndromes	59	(3)
References	62	(5)
Section III Aggression
Anecdotal Evidence of the Effects of Amphetamine on Aggression	67	(4)
References	69	(2)
Empirical Evidence of the Effects of Amphetamine on Aggression	71	(14)
Administration of Amphetamines to Rodent Subjects	71	(4)
Behavioral Observations	72	(1)
Dose-Dependent Effects	73	(1)
Acute Administration	73	(1)
Chronic Administration	74	(1)
Methodological Problems: Distinguishing between Aggressive and Defensive Reactions	75	(1)
Amphetamines and Their Effects on Dominance Hierarchy in Primates	76	(2)
Differences of Effects between Ranks	76	(1)
Dose-Dependent Effects	77	(1)
Amphetamines and Their Effects on Human Aggressive Behavior	78	(2)
Subjective Analysis	78	(1)
Observed Behavior	79	(1)
Concluding Remarks	80	(1)
References	81	(4)
Section IV Methamphetamine and the Courts
Expert Testimony	85	(12)
U.S. Supreme Court Decisions Regarding Methamphetamine	85	(2)
Daubert Issues: Who May Testify as Experts?	87	(8)
References	95	(2)
Mitigation in Sentencing	97	(52)
Statutory and Case Law Relative to Substance Abuse and Mitigation in Sentencing	97	(6)
State Codes and Cases	97	(5)
Federal Sentencing Scheme	102	(1)
Evaluation of Defendants and Context	103	(12)
Purposes of Evaluation	103	(1)
Risk Analysis	104	(3)
Malingering	107	(2)
Procedures	109	(1)
Interview	109	(1)
Psychometrics	110	(3)
Context	113	(1)
Categories of TPI	114	(1)
Reporting to the Court	115	(2)
Pre-Sentence Investigation Reports	117	(2)
Survey of Methamphetamine Cases Evaluated in a Court Clinic	119	(9)
Case ``AB''	120	(1)
Case ``CD''	121	(1)
Case ``EF''	122	(1)
Case ``GH''	123	(1)
Case ``IJ''	124	(1)
Case ``KL''	125	(1)
Case ``MN''	126	(1)
Conclusions	127	(1)
Special Case of Death Penalty Sentencing	128	(3)
Treatment as a Sentencing Consideration	131	(8)
Review of Treatment Center Cases	139	(4)
Procedure	139	(1)
Results	140	(3)
Discussion	143	(1)
Resources for the Sentencing Process	143	(1)
Chapter Summary	144	(1)
References	144	(5)
Mitigation to Murder	149	(2)
Reference	150	(1)
Methamphetamine and Pregnancy	151	(16)
Legal Issues and Status	152	(6)
Maternal Rights against Self-Incrimination and Vulnerability to Punishment Based on Drug Testing by Hospitals	152	(1)
Maternal Custody Rights	152	(1)
Paternal Custody Rights	153	(3)
Culture	156	(1)
Rights of the Fetus	156	(1)
Legal Perspectives --- Summary Statement	157	(1)
The Effect of Methamphetamine on the Fetus	158	(3)
Putative Effects of Methamphetamine	159	(1)
What Is Known about the Effects of Methamphetamine on the Fetus	160	(1)
Conclusion	161	(1)
References	162	(5)
Section V Forensics
Miranda Rights, Interrogation, and Competency to Confess	167	(10)
Miranda Rights and Methamphetamine	167	(1)
Interrogation and Methamphetamine Use	168	(2)
Methamphetamine Abuse and Competency to Proceed	170	(4)
References	174	(3)
Criminal Responsibility	177	(18)
References	194	(1)
Dangerousness Prediction in Methamphetamine Cases	195	(8)
Summary and Recommendations	197	(1)
References	198	(5)
Section VI Treatment
Treatment of Methamphetamine Abuse --- Lack of Evidence for the Efficacy of Any of the Models Currently in Use	203	(8)
NIDA Treatment Guidelines	203	(1)
Matrix Model of Outpatient Treatment	204	(3)
Basic Elements of the Matrix Model	204	(1)
Components of the Matrix Model	205	(1)
Evidence of the Effectiveness of the Matrix Model	206	(1)
Haight Ashbury Outpatient Model	207	(2)
Conclusions	209	(1)
References	209	(2)
Bibliography	211	(12)
Glossary	223	(82)
Appendix I Treatment Facility Checklist	305	(2)
Appendix II Pacific Institute for the Study of Conflict and Aggression Statement of Purpose	307	(4)
Appendix III Verbatim History of a Crystal Methamphetamine Abuser	311	(14)
Appendix IV Temporal Characteristics of Methamphetamine with Forensic Implications	325	(2)
Appendix V Safety Tips for Approaching a Tweaker	327	(2)
Index	329