Microbial Diversity and Bioprospecting

by Bull, Alan T.

• ISBN13: 9781555812676
• ISBN10: 1555812678
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-11-01
• Publisher: Amer Society for Microbiology

Summary

This timely and unique volume offers a comprehensive synthesis of biotechnology search and discovery in the post-genomics area. Microbial Diversity and Bioprospecting brings together for the first time the diverse and complex sets of technology, data, knowledge, ideas, an objectives into an integrated and holistic approach to bioprospecting. It demonstrates the need for modern microbiologists to have an integrated perspective of science in order to address the big questions in microbiology and is invaluable reading for instructors and researchers in environmental microbiology, biotechnology, and microbial diversity as well as applied biologists. Contributors representing a wide range of academic, government and industrial organizations, disciplines, and countries and who are pre-eminent in their specialist field present state of the science material.

Table of Contents

Contributors	ix
Foreword
Arnold L. Demain	xiii
Preface	xv
Acknowledgments	xix
I. Introduction: the Rationale
1. Biotechnology, the Art of Exploiting Biology	3	(10)
Alan T. Bull
II. Microbial Diversity: the Resource Preamble	13	(56)
Alan T. Bull
2. An Overview of Biodiversity-Estimating the Scale	15	(14)
Alan T. Bull and James E.M. Stach
3. Defining Microbial Diversity-the Species Concept for Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microorganisms	29	(11)
Ramon Rosselló-Mora and Peter Kampfer
4. Speciation and Bacterial Phylospecies	40	(9)
James T. Staley
5. Approaches to Identification	49	(8)
Fergus G. Priest
6. Eukaryotic Diversity-a Synoptic View	57	(14)
Laura A. Katz
III. Microbial Ecology: the Key to Discovery Preamble	69	(144)
Alan T. Bull
7. How To Look, Where To Look	71	(9)
Alan T. Bull
8. Culture-Dependent Microbiology	80	(8)
John C. Fry
9. Culture-Independent Microbiology	88	(12)
Kornelia Smalla
10. Resuscitation of "Uncultured" Microorganisms	100	(9)
Douglas B. Kell, Galya V. Mukamolova, Christopher L. Finan, Hongjuan Zhao, Royston Goodacre, Arseny S. Kaprelyants, and Michael Young
11. Soils-the Metagenomics Approach	109	(11)
Jo Handelsman
12. Deep Biospheres	120	(10)
R. John Parkes and Pete Wellsbury
13. Earth's Icy Biosphere	130	(16)
John C. Priscu and Brent C. Christner
14. Extremophiles: pH, Temperature, and Salinity	146	(8)
Constantinus E. Vorgias and Garabed Antranikian
15. Extremophiles: Pressure	154	(6)
Fumiyoshi Abe, Chiaki Kato, and Koki Horikoshi
16. Life in Extremely Dilute Environments: the Major Role of Oligobacteria	160	(9)
D. K. Button
17. Anaerobes: the Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria as an Example of Metabolic Diversity	169	(8)
Guy Fauque and Bernard Ollivier
18. Microbes from Marine Sponges: a Treasure Trove of Biodiversity for Natural Products Discovery	177	(14)
Russell T. Hill
19. Invertebrates-Insects	191	(13)
John A. Breznak
20. Microbial Symbioses with Plants	204	(12)
Peter Jeffries
IV. Biogeography and Mapping Microbial Diversity Preamble	213	(26)
Alan T. Bull
21. Ubiquitous Dispersal of Free-Living Microorganisms	216	(9)
Bland J. Finlay and Genoveva F. Esteban
22. Microbial Endemism and Biogeography	225	(7)
Brian P. Hedlund and James T. Staley
23. Mapping Microbial Biodiversity Case Study the Yellowstone National Park Microbial Database and Map Server	232	(9)
Daphne L. Stoner, Randy Lee, Luke White, and Ron Rope
V. The Paradigm Shift: Bioinformatics Preamble	239	(78)
Alan T. Bull
24. The Paradigm Shift in Microbial Prospecting	241	(9)
Alan T. Bull
25. Genomics	250	(10)
Karen E. Nelson
26. Bacterial Proteomics	260	(20)
Phillip Cash
27. Phenomics	280	(8)
Jennifer L. Reed, Stephen S. Fong, and Bernhard Ø. Palsson
28. Phylogeny and Functionality: Taxonomy as a Roadmap to Genes	288	(31)
Alan C. Ward and Michael Goodfellow
VI. Prospecting: the Targets Preamble	317	(98)
Alan T. Bull
29. Sectors and Markets	319	(5)
Alan T. Bull
30. Screening for Bioactivity	324	(12)
Hans-Peter Fiedler
31. Antimicrobials	336	(20)
William R. Strohl
32. Pharmacologically Active Agents of Microbial Origin	356	(19)
Stephen K. Wrigley
33. Bioprospecting for Industrial Enzymes: Importance of Integrated Technology Platforms for Successful Biocatalyst Development	375	(16)
Thomas Schäfer and Torben Vedel Borchert
34. Plant Growth-Promoting Agents	391	(6)
James M. Lynch
35. Biotreatment	397	(8)
Linda Louise Blackall and Christine Yeates
36. Bioprospecting Novel Antifoulants and Anti-Biofilm Agents from Microbes	405	(12)
Carola Holmström, Peter Steinberg, and Staffan Kjelleberg
VII. Conservation of Microbial Gene Pools Preamble	415	(14)
Alan T. Bull
37. Extinction and the Loss of Evolutionary History	417	(4)
Alan T. Bull
38. What Is the Evidence for the Loss of Microbial Diversity?	421	(10)
James Borneman
VIII. Convention on Biological Diversity: Implications for Microbial Prospecting Preamble	429	(40)
Alan T. Bull
39. The Convention on Biological Diversity and Benefit Sharing	431	(9)
Kerry ten Kate
40. The Historical Context of Present Bioprospecting-Four Cases	440	(5)
Hanne Svarstad
41. Biodiversity Prospecting: the INBio Experience	445	(5)
Giselle Tamayo, Lorena Guevara, and Rodrigo Gámez
42. Contracts for Bioprospecting: the Yellowstone National Park Experience	450	(8)
Holly Roremus
43. Natural Products Research Partnerships with Multiple Objectives in Global Biodiversity Hot Spots: Nine Years of the International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups Program	458	(11)
Joshua P. Rosenthal and Flora N. Katz
IX. Conclusion
44. The Value of Biodiversity	469	(8)
David W. Pearce
Index	477