Examining intercellular infections in certain plant species that lead to a symbiotic relationship between the host and its endophytic microbes, this volume demonstrates the ability of many types of endosymbionts, acting as a unit with hosts to better survive, compete and reproduce. Practical applications of such endophytes are also discussed, for example, pharmaceutical developments and agricultural management.

Preface

iii

Contributors

vii

PART I ASSOCIATION IN STEMS AND LEAVES

An Overview of Endophytic Microbes: Endophytism Defined

3

(28)

Jeffrey K. Stone

Charles W. Bacon

James F. White, Jr.

The Rhynie Chert Ecosystem: A Model for Understanding Fungal Interactions

31

(18)

Thomas N. Taylor

Edith L. Taylor

Biotrophic Endophytes of Grasses: A Systematic Appraisal

49

(14)

James F. White, Jr.

Ponaka V. Reddy

Charles W. Bacon

Hybridization and Cospeciation Hypotheses for the Evolution of Grass Endophytes

63

(22)

Christopher L. Shardl

Heather H. Wilkinson

Evidence for Fusarium Endophytes in Cultivated and Wild Plants

85

(36)

Gretchen A. Kuldau

Ida E. Yates

PART II ASSOCIATIONS WITH ROOTS AND BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTES

Evolution of Endophytism in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Glomales

121

(20)

Joseph B. Morton

Biodiversity and Evolution in Mycorrhizae of the Desert

141

(20)

Peter Herman

Mycorrhizal Endosymbiosis

161

(38)

Marion M. Kyde

Ann B. Gould

Bacterial Endophytes and Their Effects on Plants and Uses in Agriculture

199

(38)

D. Y. Kobayashi

J. D. Palumbo

PART III ENDOPHYTE PHYSIOLOGY AND THE BIOCHEMICAL ARSENAL

Physiological Adaptations in the Evolution of Endophytism in the Clavicipitaceae

237

(26)

Charles W. Bacon

James F. White, Jr.

Polyketide and Peptide Products of Endophytic Fungi: Variations on Two Biosynthetic Themes of Secondary Metabolism

263

(32)

Jan S. Tkacz

Metabolic Activity, Distribution, and Propagation of Grass Endophytes In Planta: Investigations Using the GUS Reporter Gene System

295

(28)

Jan Schmid

Martin J. Spiering

Michael J. Christensen

Alkaloids of Endophyte-Infected Grasses: Defense Chemicals or Biological Anomalies?

323

(18)

Michael D. Richardson

Coevolution of Fungal Endophytes with Grasses: The Significance of Secondary Metabolites

341

(48)

Geoffrey A. Lane

Michael J. Christensen

Christopher O. Miles

Ecology of Woody Plant Endophytes

389

(32)

Dennis Wilson

Do Fungal Endophytes Mediate Wound-Induced Resistance?

421

(34)

Thomas L. Bultman

John Charles Murphy

PART IV ECOLOGY OF ENDOPHYTES

Abiotic Stresses and Morphological Plasticity and Chemical Adaptations of Neotyphodium-Infected Tall Fescue Plants

455

(30)

David P. Belesky

Dariusz P. Malinowski

Index

485

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