Microbial Source Tracking:

by Hagedorn, Charles, Ph.D.; Blanch, Anicet R.; Harwood, Valerie J., Ph.D.

• ISBN13: 9781441993854
• ISBN10: 1441993851
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-06-09
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Understanding the origin of fecal pollution is essential in assessing potential health risks as well as for determining the actions necessary to remediate the quality of waters contaminated by fecal matter. As a result, microbial source tracking (MST) has emerged as a field that has evolved and diversified rapidly since the first approaches were described only a decade ago. In response to the emergence of MST, there have been three large multi-laboratory method comparison studies (two in the US and one in Europe), plus numerous workshops, book chapters, and review articles dedicated to synthesizing information on the topic. Furthermore, a federal (USEPA) guide document describing the uses and limitations of MST methods was published in 2005, and a book dedicated to MST as an emerging issue in food safety was published in 2007. These documents provide a collective body of literature on MST that is both conflicting and complementary, often repetitious, and difficult to condense and interpret. In addition, it does not reflect the current diversity of MST approaches with different organisms, newer methodologies such as quantitative PCR, and anthropogenic chemicals, nor does it embrace the scope of MST research being conducted around the world. The three editors of the book, all with extensive MST expertise, have developed chapters and invited authors who reflect the rich diversity and truly international scope of MST. The unifying theme throughout the book is the design of more standardized approaches to MST that include performance criteria (regardless of method or organism), plus recommendations for field study design and MST implementation. The editors intend that this book will serve as a valuable reference for all those who are involved with

Table of Contents

Overview	p. 1
Performance Criteria	p. 7
Library-Dependent Source Tracking Methods	p. 31
Library-Independent Bacterial Source Tracking Methods	p. 61
Viruses as Tracers of Fecal Contamination	p. 113
Phage Methods	p. 137
Pathogenic Protozoa	p. 157
Chemical-Based Fecal Source Tracking Methods	p. 189
Statistical Approaches for Modeling in Microbial Source Tracking	p. 207
Mitochondrial DNA as Source Tracking Markers of Fecal Contamination	p. 229
Community Analysis-Based Methods	p. 251
Public Perception of and Public Participation in Microbial Source Tracking	p. 283
Use of Microbial Source Tracking in the Legal Arena: Benefits and Challenges	p. 301
Applications of Microbial Source Tracking in the TMDL Process	p. 313
Relating MST Results to Fecal Indicator Bacteria, Pathogens and Standards	p. 337
Minimizing Microbial Source Tracking at All Costs	p. 361
Environmental Persistence and Naturalization of Fecal Indicator Organisms	p. 379
Agricultural and Rural Watersheds	p. 399
Case Studies of Urban and Suburban Watersheds	p. 433
Beaches and Coastal Environments	p. 451
Source Tracking in Australia and New Zealand: Case Studies	p. 485
Microbial Source Tracking in China and Developing Nations	p. 515
A National Security Perspective of Microbial Source Tracking	p. 545
Applications of Quantitative Microbial Source Tracking (QMST) and Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA)	p. 559
Food Safety and Implications for Microbial Source Tracking	p. 585
Training Future Scientists: Teaching Microbial Source Tracking (MST) to Undergraduates	p. 609
Index	p. 629
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