Microbiology and Chemistry for Environmental Scientists and Engineers

by Birkett,Jason

• ISBN13: 9780419226802
• ISBN10: 041922680X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 1999-11-12
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Biological and chemical processes play key roles in the treatment of domestic wastewater, and are becoming increasingly important in tackling the problems caused by industrial wastes. The first edition focused on microbial systems and wastewater processes implemented in a treatment plant. This revised edition incorporates components that cover the fundamental aspects of inorganic and organic chemistry relating to water treatment and pollution. It provides an understanding of the complex biological and chemical issues involved in environmental science and engineering.

Author Biography

J. N. Lester is Professor of Water Technology.

Table of Contents

Preface to the second edition	ix
Acknowledgements	xi
Introduction to microbiology	1	(16)
Origins of microbiology	1	(2)
History of sanitary microbiology	3	(9)
Principles of microbiology	12	(5)
Bacteria	17	(18)
Introduction	17	(1)
Structure of the bacterial cell	18	(6)
Identification of bacteria	24	(4)
Classification of bacteria	28	(7)
The eucaryotic protists	35	(21)
Introduction	35	(1)
Algae	35	(7)
Protozoa	42	(8)
Fungi	50	(6)
Viruses and the metazoa	56	(7)
Introduction	56	(1)
Viruses	56	(4)
Metazoa	60	(3)
Laboratory techniques	63	(18)
Introduction	63	(1)
Safety precautions in microbiological laboratories	63	(1)
Aseptic techniques	64	(3)
Cultivation of micro-organisms	67	(3)
Microscopy	70	(1)
Enumeration of micro-organisms	71	(3)
Staining methods	74	(3)
Microbial assays	77	(4)
Introduction to chemistry	81	(22)
Introduction	81	(1)
The atom	81	(3)
Periodic Table and properties of elements	84	(3)
Chemical bonding	87	(6)
Chemical quantities	93	(1)
Stoichiometry and chemical equilibria	94	(4)
Laws of chemistry	98	(2)
pH and activity	100	(1)
Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions	100	(3)
Organic chemistry	103	(30)
Introduction	103	(1)
The carbon atom	103	(4)
Aliphatic compounds	107	(18)
Nitrogen-containing compounds	125	(2)
Aromatic compounds	127	(3)
Heterocyclic compounds	130	(3)
Biological molecules	133	(21)
Introduction	133	(1)
Isomerism	134	(1)
Proteins	135	(7)
Polysaccharides	142	(5)
Nucleic acids	147	(5)
Lipids	152	(2)
Microbial metabolism	154	(23)
Introduction	154	(1)
Thermodynamics and chemical equilibrium	155	(4)
Energy-yielding metabolism	159	(12)
Biosynthesis	171	(6)
Microbial growth	177	(17)
Introduction	177	(1)
Mathematical description of growth	177	(3)
Growth curve	180	(2)
Factors affecting growth	182	(3)
Continuous cultivation	185	(4)
Growth on two substrates	189	(2)
Mixed cultures	191	(3)
Water quality chemistry	194	(19)
Introduction	194	(1)
The water molecule	194	(1)
Oxygen demand	195	(4)
Acidity and alkalinity	199	(1)
Hardness and metal ions in water	200	(3)
Nutrients	203	(2)
Water quality standards	205	(8)
Environmental water chemistry	213	(24)
Introduction	213	(1)
The hydrologic cycle	213	(3)
Surface water chemistry	216	(7)
Precipitation chemistry	223	(6)
Groundwater chemistry	229	(8)
Water pollution	237	(22)
Introduction	237	(1)
Sources of pollutants	238	(4)
Groundwater pollution	242	(2)
Marine pollution	244	(1)
Physical pollutants	245	(2)
Chemical pollutants	247	(9)
Toxic pollutants	256	(3)
Aerobic wastewater treatment processes	259	(29)
Introduction	259	(1)
Preliminary and primary treatment	259	(2)
Objectives of wastewater treatment	261	(1)
Activated sludge process	261	(4)
Substrate removal and growth in biomass recycle systems	265	(2)
Biological activities in activated sludge	267	(10)
Operational modifications	277	(2)
Design modifications	279	(1)
Percolating filters	280	(8)
Anaerobic wastewater treatment	288	(13)
Introduction	288	(1)
Anaerobic sludge digestion	289	(2)
Biological activities in anaerobic digestion	291	(6)
Waste stabilization ponds	297	(4)
Composting	301	(7)
Introduction	301	(1)
Process description	301	(2)
Microbiology of composting	303	(3)
Fate of pathogens during composting	306	(2)
Industrial waste treatment	308	(17)
Introduction	308	(1)
Trade effluent control	308	(2)
Biological aspects of industrial waste treatment	310	(6)
Aerobic treatment processes	316	(3)
Anaerobic treatment processes	319	(6)
Environmental microbiology	325	(13)
Introduction	325	(1)
Biodegradation in the aquatic environment	325	(3)
Degradation in heterogeneous environments	328	(2)
Microbial activity in trace heavy metal cycling	330	(2)
Eutrophication	332	(4)
Microbiological indicators of pollution	336	(2)
Pathogens	338	(19)
Introduction	338	(1)
Modes of entry and transmission of pathogens	339	(2)
Diseases caused by waterborne pathogens	341	(16)
Water treatment	357	(12)
Introduction	357	(1)
Water treatment processes	357	(4)
Disinfection	361	(8)
Index	369