Microbiology for Surgical Technologists

by Frey, Kevin B.; Price, Paul

• ISBN13: 9780766826991
• ISBN10: 0766826996
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-01-06
• Publisher: Delmar Cengage Learning

Summary

Microbiology is part of the core curriculum in surgical technology. It may be presented as a separate course in a two-year program or integrated into a variety of courses in a one-year program. Typically microbiology is taught by a member of the surgical technology program. This text is a comprehensive treatment of the disease-causing organisms that may present with a surgical patient or develop post-surgery as an acquired infection. The text addresses the specific needs of the surgical technologist in maintaining aseptic technique and caring for surgical patients before, during, and after surgery.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xiv
Acknowledgments	p. xv
Introduction to Microbiology and Microorganisms
Introduction to Microbiology	p. 2
Brief History of Microbiology	p. 4
Nomenclature of Microbiology	p. 10
Introduction to the Microscope	p. 11
Staining Methods	p. 16
Culture Mediums	p. 18
Introduction to Cells and Cell Structure	p. 22
Bacteria	p. 24
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells	p. 26
Genetics and the Classification of Organisms	p. 36
Nomenclature	p. 38
Five-Kingdom System of Classification	p. 39
Viral Taxonomy	p. 39
Tests for Identifying Microbes	p. 39
Genetics of Microorganisms	p. 41
Microbial Life and Growth	p. 52
Requirements for Viability of Microorganisms	p. 54
Microbial Growth	p. 59
Infectious Disease Process	p. 66
Introduction to Pathogens	p. 68
Epidemiology	p. 68
Reservoirs of Pathogens	p. 69
Methods of Transmission	p. 71
Portals of Entry	p. 71
Contributing Factors to Bacterial Invasion	p. 73
Methods Pathogens Use to Damage Host Cells	p. 74
Pathogenicity of Viruses	p. 75
Nonspecific Host Defenses	p. 76
Typhoid Mary	p. 82
Control of Microbial Growth and Aseptic Technique	p. 84
Terms	p. 86
Factors That Influence Microbial Growth	p. 86
Sterilization	p. 88
Disinfection	p. 93
Aseptic Technique	p. 94
Human-Microbe Relationships	p. 98
Symbiosis	p. 99
Mutualism	p. 100
Commensalism	p. 100
Parasitism	p. 101
Pathogenic Relationship	p. 101
Nonpathogenic Relationship	p. 101
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 102
Immunology	p. 104
Body Defenses: First Line of Defense	p. 106
Body Defenses: Second Line of Defense (Circulatory and Chemical Defenses)	p. 106
Body Defenses: Third Line of Defense (Immunity)	p. 110
Antigens and Antibodies: Preliminary Information	p. 111
Components of the Immune System and Types of Antibodies	p. 112
Humoral Immunity	p. 112
Hypersensitivity Reactions	p. 113
Bacteriology
Identification of Specific Bacteria
Staphylococcus and Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci	p. 120
Nosocomial Infections	p. 122
Staphylococcus aureus	p. 122
Staphylococcus epidermidis	p. 127
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 128
Streptococcus and Related Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci	p. 130
Streptococcus pneumoniae	p. 132
Streptococcus pyogenes	p. 134
Streptococcus agalactiae	p. 136
Streptococcus viridans	p. 139
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 139
Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli, Coccobacilli, and Coryneform Bacilli	p. 142
Bacillus anthracis	p. 143
Bacillus cereus	p. 146
Listeria Species	p. 147
Erysipelothrix	p. 149
Lactobacillus Species	p. 149
Corynebacterium Species	p. 150
Neisseria and Aerobic Gram-Negative Cocci	p. 156
Neiseria gonorrhoeae	p. 157
Neisseria meningitidis	p. 158
Moraxella	p. 161
Other Gram-Negative Bacilli and Coccobacilli	p. 164
Pasteurellaceae	p. 165
Brucella	p. 166
Bordetella	p. 168
Gardnerella vaginalis	p. 169
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 170
Haemophilus	p. 174
Haemophilus influenzae	p. 176
Other Haemophilus Species	p. 177
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 178
Gram-Negative Enteric Bacilli	p. 180
Escherichia coli	p. 181
Klebsiella	p. 183
Citrobacter	p. 184
Yersinia	p. 184
Salmonella	p. 186
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 187
Nonfermenting Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli	p. 190
Pseudomonas	p. 191
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 194
Curved Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli	p. 196
Helicobacter	p. 197
Campylobacter	p. 199
Chromobacterium	p. 201
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 201
Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria	p. 204
Bacteroides	p. 205
Fusobacterium	p. 207
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 207
Gram-Positive Anaerobic Bacteria	p. 210
Clostridium Bacilli	p. 211
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 216
Mycobacteria	p. 218
Characteristics of Mycobacteria	p. 219
Nutritional Requirements	p. 220
Growth Rate and Curve	p. 220
Mycobacterium tuberculosis	p. 220
Mycobacterium leprae	p. 223
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 224
Spirochetes	p. 226
Spirochetes	p. 227
Treponema	p. 229
Borrelia	p. 232
Leptospira	p. 235
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 236
Rickettsia	p. 238
Diagnosis	p. 240
Typhus Group	p. 240
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 243
Pathogens of Body Fluids and Systems
Cerebrospinal Fluid and Other Body Fluids	p. 246
Infections of the Central Nervous System	p. 248
Infections of Other Human Body Fluids	p. 254
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 257
Blood	p. 260
Infections of the Blood	p. 261
Serology	p. 263
Universal Precautions	p. 263
Standard Precautions	p. 263
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 263
Respiratory System	p. 266
Anatomy of the Respiratory System	p. 267
Indigenous Microflora of the Upper Respiratory Tract	p. 269
Bacterial Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract	p. 269
Viral Infections of the Respiratory Tract	p. 271
Fungal Infections	p. 273
Pneumonia	p. 273
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 274
Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat	p. 276
Anatomy of the Eye	p. 278
Anatomy of the Ear	p. 278
Anatomy of the Nose and Oral Pharynx (Throat)	p. 280
Resident Flora of the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat	p. 280
Microbial Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat	p. 280
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 282
Urinary Tract	p. 284
Anatomy of the Urinary Tract	p. 285
Resident Flora	p. 287
Microbial Diseases of the Urinary Tract	p. 288
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 289
Gastrointestinal System	p. 292
Basic Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal System	p. 293
Resident Flora	p. 295
Pathogens and Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System	p. 295
Parasites of the Gastrointestinal System	p. 299
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 300
Skin	p. 302
Basic Anatomy of the Skin	p. 303
Resident Flora	p. 304
Bacterial Diseases of the Skin	p. 304
Fungal Infections of the Skin	p. 307
Viral Infections of the Skin	p. 309
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 310
Infections of Internal Tissues	p. 312
Breast Tissue	p. 313
Fascia and Tendons	p. 314
Bone and Joint Infections	p. 314
Lymph Nodes	p. 315
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 316
Virology
Introduction to Viruses	p. 320
Characteristics of Viruses	p. 322
Infection by Viruses	p. 322
Lysogenic and Lytic Cycles	p. 322
Interferons	p. 324
Bacteriophages	p. 324
Latent Infections	p. 325
Vaccination	p. 325
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 325
Significant Viruses	p. 328
Herpesviruses	p. 330
Enteroviruses	p. 332
Respiratory Viruses	p. 332
Hepatitis Viruses	p. 334
Human Immunodeficiency Virus	p. 335
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 336
Emerging Viral Infections	p. 338
Hantavirus	p. 339
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers	p. 340
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 341
Parasitology
Parasites: Characteristics and General Information	p. 344
Symbiotic Relationship	p. 346
Hosts	p. 347
Nutrition and Surviving the Environment	p. 348
Methods of Transmitting Parasitic Diseases	p. 348
Parasitic Reproduction	p. 349
Parasitic Life Cycle	p. 349
Host-Parasite Relationship	p. 350
Immunology	p. 350
Brief Overview of Specific Parasites	p. 351
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 351
Intestinal Protozoans	p. 354
Ameba	p. 355
Flagellates	p. 356
Ciliates	p. 359
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 359
Mycology
Mycology	p. 362
Characteristics of Fungi	p. 364
Opportunistic Fungi	p. 366
Characteristics of Yeasts	p. 368
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 370
Wound Healing
Wound Healing and Microorganisms	p. 374
Classification of Surgical Wounds	p. 375
Types of Wound Healing	p. 376
Complications of Wound Healing	p. 377
Infection	p. 378
Postoperative Wound Infection	p. 379
Implications for the Surgical Technologist	p. 381
Glossary	p. 383
Index	p. 431
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