Microdosimetric Response of Physical and Biological Systems to Low- and High-LET Radiations

by Horowitz

• ISBN13: 9780444516435
• ISBN10: 0444516433
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-08-28
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

Professor Horowitz is a world-reknown expert on TL microdosmetric theory and applications to dosimetry. He is the author of the highly successful 3 volume book on TL and TL dosimetry, has authored approximately 150 research papers and fifteen review articles on TLD and the influence of ionisation density on TL mechanisms. Prof. Horowitz is on the Editorial Board of three leading radiation-dosimetry-related international journals. In the past two decades he has pioneered and developed microdosimetric TL models such as the Unified Interaction Model, the Extended Track Interaction Model and ModifiedTrack Structure Theory models for the calculation of TL efficiency. He has served on the Scientific Advisory Committee of the past nine International Solid State Dosimetry Conferences spanning the period 1983-2007 and was the President of the 13th SSD Conference in Athens in 2001. All his co-authors are also internationally recognised scientists in their fields of expertise, with outstanding research careers at universities and governmental research institutes. All co-authors have had extensive experience in writing and editing books, conference proceedings, review articles, graduate student training, etc...

Table of Contents

Preface	v
List of Contributors	vii
Dose Response of Biological Systems to Low- and High-LET Radiation	1	(74)
M. Scholz
Introduction	3	(1)
General aspects of radiation damage to cells and tissues	3	(12)
Organization of cells and tissues	4	(1)
Cellular effects of radiation	5	(2)
Quantifying radiation effects	7	(6)
Radiation response on the tissue level	13	(2)
Response of biological systems to low-LET radiation	15	(10)
Dose response curves in general	15	(6)
Time factors and repair	21	(2)
Modification of radiosensitivity	23	(1)
Dose response of tissues	23	(2)
Physical characteristics of ion beams	25	(5)
Microscopic features	26	(3)
Macroscopic features	29	(1)
Neutron beams	30	(1)
Response of biological systems to high-LET radiation	30	(16)
The Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE): definition	30	(1)
Systematic of RBE	31	(5)
Oxygen effect	36	(1)
Very heavy particles	36	(3)
Inactivation cross-section	39	(2)
The role of increased ionization density	41	(3)
Bystander effects	44	(2)
Tissue effects	46	(1)
Modeling the dose response of biological systems	46	(29)
Basic considerations	47	(1)
Target theory	48	(2)
Repair models	50	(25)
A United and Comprehensive Theory of the TL Dose Response of Thermoluminescent Systems Applied to LiF:Mg,Ti	75	(128)
Y. Horowitz
Introduction	77	(8)
Ionization density phenomena in the LiF TL system	77	(3)
Radiation effects in biological systems	80	(2)
Radiation effects in solid-state TL systems	82	(1)
The TL mechanism	82	(3)
The LiF:Mg,Ti system	85	(24)
Defect structures in LiF:Mg.Ti	85	(2)
The spatially correlated TC/LC model	87	(3)
The composite nature of glow peak 5	90	(12)
Optical absorption studies of LiF:Mg,Ti	102	(1)
The question of ``multiple-hit'' trapping structures	103	(3)
OA dose response and dependence on photon/electron energy	106	(3)
The unified interaction model (UNM)	109	(43)
Introduction	109	(2)
Basic concepts of the unified interaction model	111	(2)
Mathematical formulation of the UNIM	113	(5)
Estimation of the UNIM parameters	118	(6)
Dependence of f (D) on ionization density	124	(2)
Properties of the recombination stage competitive center	126	(2)
Dependence of f(D) on recombination temperature	128	(4)
Dose response of the components of peak 5	132	(4)
Applications of the UNIM to the sensitization mechanism	136	(14)
Summary	150	(2)
Heavy charged particle TL fluence response	152	(51)
HCP radial dose distributions	152	(51)
Microdosimetric Interpretation of Photon Energy Response in TL Systems	203	(50)
P. Olko
Introduction	204	(1)
Physical and microdosimetric description of charged particle tracks	204	(13)
Description of charged particle tracks	205	(2)
Quantities characterizing particle tracks	207	(2)
Microdosimetric distributions	209	(2)
Calculation of microdosimetric distributions from the Monte Carlo calculated tracks	211	(3)
Calculation of microdosimetric distribution for photons	214	(3)
Dosimetric characteristics of the response of thermoluminescent detectors	217	(5)
Dose response	217	(1)
Relative TL efficiency	218	(2)
Photon energy response	220	(2)
The microdosimetric one-hit detector model of thermoluminescence and its relationship to underlying TL processes	222	(11)
The microdosimetric one-hit detector model	222	(3)
One-hit model of thermoluminescent LiF:-Mg,Cu,P MCP detectors	225	(3)
Physical interpretation of model parameters in LiF:Mg,Cu,P	228	(2)
The microdosimetric one-hit detector model of other TL detectors	230	(3)
Photon energy response of TL detectors with supralinear dose response for y-rays	233	(8)
Modelling the relative TL efficiency of MTS-N (LiF:Mg,Ti) detectors	234	(4)
Photon energy response of CaSO4: Dy detectors	238	(3)
Calculation of response of TL detectors to low-energy X-rays	241	(12)
Dosimetry with TLD detectors	241	(3)
Light transport TL detectors	244	(1)
Modelling of the response of TL detectors to low-energy X-rays	245	(4)
References	249	(4)
Dose Dependence of Thermoluminescence (TL) and Optically Stimulated Luminescence with Uniform Excitation	253	(78)
R. Chen
Introduction	254	(1)
Thermoluminescence dose dependence	255	(36)
Experimental evidence	255	(5)
Characterization of nonlinearities	260	(2)
Basic thermoluminescence theory; linear dose dependence	262	(8)
Superlinear dependence of TL due to competition during excitation	270	(4)
Superlinear dose dependence due to competition during heating	274	(9)
Combined competition in excitation and heating	283	(4)
Nonmonotonic dose dependence	287	(4)
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and related phenomena	291	(14)
Superlinear dose dependence of OSL, experimental results	293	(2)
Superlinearity of OSL, theory	295	(2)
Dose dependence of the OSL; response to a short light pulse	297	(5)
Nonmonotonic dose dependence of OSL	302	(1)
Phototransferred TL (PTTL)	303	(2)
Dose-rate effect	305	(3)
Sensitization effects	308	(10)
Fading effects	318	(3)
Thermal fading	318	(2)
Anomalous fading	320	(1)
Optical absorption	321	(10)
References	324	(7)
Cavity Theory	331	(36)
P. Mobit
G. Sandison
Introduction	332	(2)
Fundamental quantities in radiation dosimetry	332	(2)
Fundamentals of cavity theory	334	(2)
Cavity theory equation for photon beams	336	(2)
Bragg--Gray small cavity theory equation for photon beams	338	(2)
Spencer--Attix small cavity theory equation	340	(4)
Small cavity theory and perturbation factors	344	(4)
Examination of perturbation correction factors for Bragg--Gray and Spencer--Attix equations	346	(2)
Large cavity theory equation	348	(4)
Perturbation effects and the large cavity theory equation	349	(3)
Intermediate cavity theory equation	352	(3)
Perturbation effects for the intermediate cavity theory equation	354	(1)
Cavity theory and charged particle beams	355	(2)
Small cavity theory equation and solid state cavities in electron beams	357	(6)
Measurement of electron beam dose in a phantom heterogeneity with a solid detector	362	(1)
Methods of determining mass collision stopping power ratios	363	(1)
Evaluation of the mass energy absorption coefficient ratio	364	(3)
References	365	(2)
Semiconductor Radiation Detectors in Modern Radiation Therapy	367	(44)
A.B. Rosenfeld
Introduction	368	(1)
Integral semiconductor electronic dosimetry for radiation therapy	369	(17)
Silicon diodes for dosimetry of photon and electron radiotherapeutic beams	369	(6)
Diamond dosimetry	375	(1)
MOSFET dosimetry	376	(3)
MOSFET dosimetry on medical LINACs	379	(3)
Energy dependence of MOSFETs	382	(1)
Spatial resolution of MOSFET detectors and on-line scanning application	382	(4)
Semiconductor electronic dosimetry in high-LET radiation	386	(4)
Semiconductor electronic dosimetry in hadron radiotherapy	386	(1)
p--i--n diode and MOSFET dosimetry in neutron therapy	386	(1)
p--i--n diode dosimetry in fast neutron therapy	386	(2)
MOSFET dosimetry in BNCT	388	(2)
p--i--n diode verification of Monte Carlo simulations in BNCT	390	(1)
Spectroscopic dosimetry	390	(5)
Spectroscopic electronic dosimetry in radiation therapy	390	(1)
p--i--n detector with U-235 converter for dosimetry in BNCT and FNT	391	(2)
Direct spectroscopic dosimetry for QA in LDR brachytherapy	393	(2)
Topics in hadron therapy	395	(4)
Spectroscopic semiconductor microdosimetry and MC verification in hadron therapy	395	(3)
Electronic semiconductor dosimetry for Monte Carlo verification in hadron therapy	398	(1)
Amorphous silicon imaging plate for dosimetry in megavoltage X-ray	399	(3)
Silicon radiation detectors in nanodosimetry and proton therapy tomography	402	(9)
Acknowledgements	406	(1)
References	406	(5)
Applications of Thermoluminescent Dosimeters in Medicine	411	(56)
P.N. Mobit
T. Kron
Introduction	413	(1)
Brief review of features of TLD materials relevant for medical dosimetry	414	(2)
Theoretical considerations	416	(2)
Clinical TLD systems based on LiF:Mg.Ti	418	(9)
A TLD set-up for radiotherapy	419	(5)
Additional requirements for diagnostic procedures	424	(1)
Purchasing considerations	425	(1)
Quality assurance	426	(1)
TLD and radiation protection in medicine	427	(3)
General framework for radiation protection in medicine	427	(1)
Personal monitoring	428	(1)
Environmental monitoring	429	(1)
Clinical dosimetry in radiotherapy	430	(13)
Phantom measurements	430	(4)
In vivo dosimetry	434	(4)
Application of TLDs in total body irradiation dose measurements	438	(2)
Application of TLD in brachytherapy dose measurements	440	(3)
TLD in diagnostic radiology	443	(7)
Dose in various diagnostic applications	443	(1)
Phantom measurements in diagnostic radiology	443	(4)
Entrance surface dose	447	(2)
Dosimetry in nuclear medicine	449	(1)
Dosimetry intercomparisons	450	(7)
Levels of intercomparison	450	(1)
IAEA/WHO TLD postal dose quality audit program	451	(2)
Radiological Physics Center dosimetry intercomparison program	453	(2)
The European EQUAL network	455	(1)
Clinical trials	456	(1)
Conclusions and outlook	457	(10)
References	459	(8)
Author Index	467	(14)
Subject Index	481