Microfluidics and Microfabrication

by Chakraborty, Suman

• ISBN13: 9781441915429
• ISBN10: 1441915427
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-01-26
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Microfluidics and Microfabrication discusses the interconnectioin between microfluidics, microfabrication, and the life sciences. Specifically, this includes fundamental aspects of fluid mechanics in micro-scale and nano-scale confinements and microfabrication. Material is also presented that discusses micro-textured engineered surfaces, high-performance AFM probe-based, micro-grooving processes, fabrication with metals and polymers in bio-micromanipulation and microfluidic applications.

Table of Contents

Microfluidic Transport and Micro-scale Flow Physics: An Overview	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Microfluidics Versus Traditional Fluidics	p. 2
Interfacial Boundary Condition: Slip Versus No-Slip	p. 5
General Considerations	p. 5
Liquid Micro-flow Actuation in Continuous Systems: Fundamental Principles	p. 14
Conservation Equations	p. 14
Pressure-Driven Flow Actuation and Its Microfluidics Perspective	p. 16
Surface Tension Driven Flow	p. 18
Rotationally Actuated Microflows	p. 34
Electrokinetic Actuation	p. 38
Electrothermal Effects	p. 59
Electro-magneto-hydrodynamic Actuation	p. 66
Acoustic Streaming	p. 70
Microfluidics of Droplets	p. 75
Summary and Outlook	p. 81
References	p. 82
Mathematical Modeling of Electrokinetic Effects in Micro and Nano Fluidics	p. 87
Introduction and Historical Overview	p. 87
Review of Underlying Physical Principles	p. 90
Fluid Mechanics	p. 90
Electrostatics	p. 91
Ion Transport in Solvents	p. 93
Structure of the Equilibrium Debye Layer	p. 93
Half Plane	p. 95
Between Parallel Plates	p. 95
Circular Cylinders	p. 96
Electroosmosis	p. 96
Limit of Thin Electric Double Layers	p. 97
Axially Inhomogeneous Channels	p. 99
Exactly Solvable Models	p. 101
The Lubrication Approximation	p. 103
Applications	p. 105
Summary and Conclusions	p. 110
References	p. 111
Microscale Transport Processes and Interfacial Force Field Characterization in Micro-cooling Devices	p. 113
Basic Concepts	p. 115
Disjoining Pressure	p. 117
Evaluation of Hamaker Constant	p. 119
Experimental	p. 120
Measurement Techniques	p. 120
Theory	p. 124
Experimental Results	p. 126
Conclusions	p. 129
References	p. 129
Bio-Microfluidics: Overview	p. 131
Introduction	p. 131
Diffusive Transport of Biochemical Species	p. 135
Particle Transport, Dispersion and Mixing in Biomicrofluidics	p. 142
Dispersion	p. 142
Mixing	p. 145
Separation Processes	p. 145
Biochemical Reactions in Bio-Chips	p. 148
General Reaction Scheme	p. 148
Michaelis-Menten Kinetics	p. 149
Lagmuir Adsorption Model	p. 150
Bio-Micromanipulation Using Electrical Fields	p. 152
Electroosmosis	p. 155
AC Electroosmosis	p. 156
Elecrophoresis	p. 157
Dielectrophoresis	p. 158
Electrowetting	p. 159
Electrothermal Flow	p. 160
Bio-Micromanipulation Using Magnetic Fields	p. 160
Magnetic Field Flow Fractionation (MFFF)	p. 160
Magnetic Biomaterials	p. 161
Ferrofluids	p. 162
Magnetohydrodynamic Micropumps	p. 163
Magnetic Micro Valves	p. 163
Mixing Devices	p. 164
Magnetic Trapping and Sorting of Biomolecules	p. 164
Magnetic Particles for Bioassays	p. 165
Experimental Approaches	p. 165
Optical and Fluorescence Microscopy	p. 166
Confocal Microscopy	p. 168
Optofluidics	p. 170
Flow Visualization	p. 171
Non-Optical Detection	p. 172
Concluding Remarks	p. 173
References	p. 173
Perspectives of Micro and Nanofabrication of Carbon for Electrochemical and Microfluidic Applications	p. 181
Introduction	p. 182
Carbon Allotropes	p. 182
Glass-Like Carbons	p. 185
Photolithography Overview	p. 193
Substrate Cleaning and the Clean Room	p. 195
Photoresist Deposition	p. 195
Soft Baking or Prebaking	p. 205
Exposure	p. 205
Post Exposure Treatment	p. 210
Development	p. 211
De-Scumming and Post-Baking	p. 212
Resist Profiles-An overview	p. 213
Next Generation Lithography (NGL)	p. 213
Charged-Particle-Beam Lithography	p. 215
Nano Imprint Lithography	p. 219
Microfluidic and Electrochemistry Applications	p. 221
Carbon-Electrode Dielectrophoresis (carbon-DEP)	p. 222
Electrochemical Uses of Carbon in Microfluidic Applications	p. 230
Energy	p. 236
References	p. 249
Mechanical Micromanufacturing: An Overview	p. 265
Introduction	p. 265
The Problems	p. 266
The Solutions	p. 266
Futuristic Manufacturing (Laser Based)	p. 276
Bio-Inspired Adhesion and Adhesives: Controlling Adhesion by Micro-Nano Structuring of Soft Surfaces	p. 283
Introduction	p. 283
Synthetic Adhesives: Strong but not Reusable	p. 284
Structures of Bio-Adhesives	p. 285
Surface Patterns	p. 285
Sub-Surface Patterns	p. 286
Physics of Adhesion	p. 287
Role of the Structure in Adhesion	p. 288
Roughness Compatibility: How Surface Structures Engender Better Adhesion to Real Surfaces	p. 288
Fracture Mechanics Aspects of Adhesion and Debonding	p. 289
Micro-Fabricated Bio-Mimicked Adhesives	p. 292
Adhesive with Surface Patterns	p. 292
Adhesion with Buried Sub-Surface Patterns:Tuning Adhesion at Smooth Elastic Surfaces	p. 299
Conclusions	p. 302
References	p. 303
Molecular Simulation: Can it Help in the Development of Micro and Nano Devices?	p. 309
Introduction	p. 309
Molecular Modeling and Simulation	p. 310
Wetting Transition of Fluid Near Surfaces	p. 318
Fitting Method	p. 320
Center of Mass Method	p. 321
Fluid in Nanopores	p. 324
Phase Equilibria Under Confinement	p. 324
Flow Properties of Fluids in Nano-Channels	p. 326
Conclusions	p. 327
References	p. 327
Fabrication of Spring Steel and PDMS Grippers for the Micromanipulation of Biological Cells	p. 333
Introduction	p. 334
Why Mechanical Manipulation of Cells?	p. 334
Miniature Compliant Grippers	p. 336
Materials	p. 337
Design	p. 338
Designing the Stiffness	p. 339
Topology Optimization with Manufacturing Constraints	p. 339
Fabrication	p. 344
Actuation	p. 345
Force-Sensing	p. 347
Experimentation 349
Discussion	p. 352
Closure	p. 352
References	p. 353
Subject Index	p. 355
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