Microorganisms and Biotechnology

by Taylor, Jane

• ISBN13: 9780174482550
• ISBN10: 0174482558
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-12-01
• Publisher: Nelson Thornes

Summary

Each book contains clear chapter objectives and closing summaries, a range of independent learning activities including assignments, analysis exercises and in-text questions. Science is presented in context with strong emphasis on economic, social and environmental factors.

Table of Contents

Bath Advanced Science Series: introduction	vi
How to use this book	vii
THEME 1 WHAT ARE MICROORGANISMS?
Introducing microorganisms and biotechnology	3	(8)
Why do we study microorganisms and biotechnology?	3	(1)
The history of biotechnology	4	(2)
What are microorganisms?	6	(1)
Seeing microorganisms	6	(1)
Naming microorganisms	7	(1)
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes	8	(3)
The main groups of microorganisms	11	(21)
Prokaryota	11	(1)
Bacteria	12	(7)
Cyanobacteria	19	(1)
Protoctista	20	(3)
Fungi	23	(3)
Viruses	26	(6)
Growing microorganisms	32	(21)
Microorganisms in the biosphere	32	(1)
Factors affecting microbial growth	33	(3)
Sterile technique	36	(1)
Growing microorganisms	37	(2)
Batch and continuous culture	39	(1)
Isolating bacteria	40	(1)
Measuring bacterial growth	41	(3)
Measuring fungal growth	44	(1)
The bacterial growth curve	44	(2)
Growing and counting viruses	46	(7)
THEME 2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Food microbiology	53	(19)
Microorganisms and food	53	(1)
Where microorganisms in food come from	54	(1)
Making foods with microorganisms	55	(1)
Yeast and its products	55	(2)
Foods made with lactic acid bacteria	57	(3)
Aspergillus fermentations of soy beans	60	(1)
Single cell protein	61	(1)
Food and biotechnology	62	(1)
Food spoilage	63	(2)
Preserving foods	65	(7)
Cleaning up with microorganisms	72	(19)
Problems generated by waste disposal	72	(1)
Natural water	73	(1)
Polluted water	73	(2)
Measuring water quality	75	(2)
How water is purified	77	(1)
Dealing with waste water	78	(1)
Using microorganisms to clean up water	79	(3)
Cleaning up the environment	82	(2)
`Where there's muck there's brass' -- turning waste into profit	84	(7)
Industrial microbiology	91	(30)
Putting cells to work	91	(1)
Growing cells on a large scale	92	(6)
What microorganisms can make	98	(1)
Selecting the microorganisms	99	(1)
Changing genes	100	(4)
Biotransformations	104	(1)
Vaccines	104	(2)
Antibiotics and other metabolites	106	(2)
Enzymes	108	(5)
Animal cell products	113	(2)
Plant cell products	115	(1)
Transgenic animals	115	(6)
THEME 3 MICROORGANISMS AND DISEASE
The body's fight against disease	121	(20)
How microorganisms cause disease	121	(2)
Defence mechanisms	123	(3)
Antibodies and antigens	126	(2)
White cells	128	(2)
Vaccines and antisera	130	(6)
Drugs and antibiotics	136	(5)
Human disease	141	(18)
Introduction	141	(1)
How diseases are spread	142	(1)
How microorganisms are transmitted	143	(3)
Bacterial diseases	146	(3)
Viral diseases	149	(5)
Protozoal diseases	154	(5)
Plant disease and biotechnology	159	(15)
Plant disease	159	(1)
Microorganisms that cause plant disease	160	(1)
How plant diseases are spread	160	(2)
Plant defence mechanisms	162	(1)
Fungal diseases	163	(2)
Viral diseases	165	(1)
Bacterial diseases	166	(1)
How plant diseases are controlled	166	(3)
Plant biotechnology	169	(1)
Breeding resistance into plants	170	(4)
Exam questions	174	(5)
Appendices
A Ideas for practical and other investigations	175	(2)
B Glossary of biological terms	177	(2)
Extending your understanding: wider reading and suggestions for web searches	179	(2)
Index	181