Microprocessors and Microcomputers: Hardware and Software

by Tocci, Ronald J.; Ambrosio, Frank J.

• ISBN13: 9780130104946
• ISBN10: 0130104949
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-08-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

Using the popular, powerful, and easy-to-understand 68HC11 microprocessor as a representative example, this book provides a comprehensive introduction to the concepts, principles, and techniques of microprocessors and microprocessor based systems. Chapter topics include Number Systems and Codes, Digital Circuits, Memory Devices, Introduction to Computers, Microcomputer Structure and Operation, The Microprocessor: Heart of the Microcomputer, Programming the 68HC11 MPU, Input/Output Modes, and Input/Output Interfacing. For those interested in a career in electrical or computer engineering.

Table of Contents

Number Systems and Codes	1	(28)
Digital Number Systems	2	(8)
Codes	10	(4)
Binary Arithmetic	14	(4)
Addition Using Signed Numbers	18	(2)
Subtraction in the 2's-Complement System	20	(1)
Multiplication of Binary Numbers	21	(1)
Binary Division	22	(1)
Hexadecimal Arithmetic	23	(6)
Glossary	25	(1)
Questions and Problems	26	(3)
Digital Circuits	29	(44)
Parallel and Serial Transmission	30	(1)
Logic Gates	31	(2)
Tri-State (Three-State) Logic	33	(1)
Flip-Flops	34	(1)
Clock Signals	35	(2)
Clocked Flip-Flops	37	(2)
Synchronous and Asynchronous FF Inputs	39	(1)
Setup and Hold Times	40	(1)
FF Registers	41	(2)
IC Registers	43	(3)
Data Busing	46	(1)
Data Bus Operation	47	(8)
Decoders	55	(2)
Encoders	57	(1)
Multiplexers (Data Selectors)	58	(1)
Arithmetic Circuits	59	(1)
Troubleshooting Digital Systems	60	(1)
Internal Digital IC Faults	60	(2)
External Faults	62	(3)
Common Test Equipment Used in The Troubleshooting of Digital Systems	65	(8)
Glossary	68	(2)
Questions and Problems	70	(3)
Memory Devices	73	(56)
Memory Terminology	75	(2)
General Memory Operation	77	(2)
Read-Only Memories	79	(2)
ROM Architecture	81	(2)
ROM Timing	83	(1)
Types of ROM	84	(8)
Flash Memory	92	(4)
ROM Applications	96	(3)
Semiconductor RAMs	99	(1)
RAM Architecture	99	(3)
Static RAM	102	(3)
Dynamic RAM	105	(1)
Dynamic RAM Structure and Operation	106	(5)
DRAM Read/Write Cycles	111	(3)
DRAM Refreshing	114	(1)
Expanding Word Size and Capacity	115	(14)
Glossary	123	(1)
Questions and Problems	124	(5)
Introduction To Computers	129	(46)
What can Computers Do?	130	(3)
How Do Computers Think?	133	(2)
How Many Kinds of Computers are There?	135	(1)
Basic Computer Structure	136	(3)
Microprocessors	139	(1)
Computer Words	140	(1)
Binary Data Words	140	(2)
Coded Data Words	142	(1)
Instruction Words	143	(5)
The 68HC11 MPU---A Simplified Version	148	(4)
Executing a Program	152	(4)
Jump and Branch Instructions	156	(2)
Hardware, Software, and Firmware	158	(1)
Programming Languages---Machine Language	159	(2)
Assembly Language	161	(2)
High-Level Languages	163	(2)
Flowcharts	165	(10)
Glossary	167	(3)
Questions and Problems	170	(5)
Microcomputer Structure and Operation	175	(48)
Microcomputer Elements	176	(1)
Why μPs and μCs?	177	(2)
Microcomputer Architecture	179	(6)
Read and Write Timing	185	(4)
Bus Activity During Program Execution	189	(4)
MPU Address Space Allocation	193	(5)
Memory Modules	198	(1)
Address Decoding	198	(2)
Complete Microcomputer Decoding Example	200	(10)
Buffering the MPU Buses	210	(1)
Memory-Mapped and Isolated I/O	211	(2)
Troubleshooting Case Study	213	(10)
Glossary	215	(4)
Questions and Problems	219	(4)
The Microprocessor: Heart of The Microcomputer	223	(33)
68HC11 MPU---More Complete Version	224	(2)
Timing and Control Section	226	(3)
Register Section	229	(12)
Arithmetic/Logic Unit	241	(6)
Microprocessors---Categorized by ALU Size	247	(1)
Microprocessors---Two Directions	248	(8)
Glossary	250	(1)
Questions and Problems	251	(5)
Programming The 68HC11 MPU	256	(111)
68HC11 MPU Programming Model	257	(4)
68HC11 MPU Address Modes	261	(8)
The 68HC11 MPU Instruction Set	269	(2)
Instruction Descriptions	271	(2)
Program Listing Format	273	(1)
Instruction Classifications	274	(2)
CCR Instructions	276	(1)
Register-to-Memory Transfer Instructions	276	(2)
Register-to-Register Transfer Instructions	278	(2)
Arithmetic Instructions	280	(10)
Logical Instructions	290	(4)
Shift and Rotate Instructions	294	(5)
Data-Altering Instructions	299	(4)
Jump Instructions	303	(1)
Conditional Branching	304	(5)
68HC11 Conditional Branch Instructions	309	(7)
Compare Instructions	316	(4)
BIT and TST Instructions	320	(2)
Subroutines	322	(3)
Interrupt Handling Instructions	325	(1)
Applications Using Indexed Addressing	326	(4)
The No-Operation (NOP) and STOP Instructions	330	(2)
Program-Controlled Timing Intervals (Delays)	332	(6)
Time-Delay Subroutines	338	(4)
The Timer System of the 68HC11 MCU	342	(5)
The Software Development Process	347	(20)
Glossary	350	(2)
Questions and Problems	352	(15)
Input/Output Modes	367	(64)
Some Basic Terms	368	(1)
Some Examples of I/O	368	(2)
Input/Output Alternatives	370	(1)
MPU-Initiated---Unconditional I/O Transfer	371	(4)
MPU-Initiated---Conditional (Polled) I/O Transfer	375	(5)
The 68HC11 MCU Block Diagram	380	(2)
Port E of the 68HC11 MCU---A/D Converter	382	(6)
Device-Initiated I/O Transfer---Interrupts	388	(1)
Return Address	389	(2)
Disabling the Interrupt	391	(1)
Types of Interrupt Inputs	392	(4)
Address of an ISR---Interrupt Vectors	396	(2)
Interrupting an ISR	398	(2)
Multiple Interrupts	400	(4)
Port A of the 68HC11 MCU	404	(13)
Direct Memory Access (DMA) I/O Transfer	417	(3)
Troubleshooting Case Study	420	(11)
Glossary	422	(3)
Questions and Problems	425	(6)
Input/Output Interfacing	431	(75)
Practical Interface Considerations	432	(6)
Asynchronous Serial Data Communication	438	(4)
Parallel/Serial Interface---The UART	442	(4)
Motorola 6850 UART (ACIA)	446	(5)
Interfacing the 6850 to the 68HC11 MPU	451	(7)
Port D of the 68HC11 MCU---Serial Communications Interface (SCI)	458	(9)
Synchronous Serial Data Communication	467	(2)
EIA RS-232-C Standard	469	(1)
Introduction to Modems	470	(4)
Parallel I/O Interface Chips	474	(6)
Keyboard Input Devices	480	(8)
Video Display Terminals (VDTs)	488	(6)
Troubleshooting Case Study	494	(12)
Glossary	496	(2)
Questions and Problems	498	(8)
APPENDIX A COMPLETE 68HC11 MCU INSTRUCTION SET	506	(63)
Opcode Vs. Instruction Cross Reference	561	(8)
APPENDIX B THE 68HC11 MCU BLOCK DIAGRAM	569	(2)
APPENDIX C THE 68HC11 MCU REGISTER AND CONTROL BIT ASSIGNMENTS	571	(3)
Answers to Selected Problems	574	(5)
Index	579