Microstrip Filters for Rf/Microwave Applications

by Jia-Shen G. Hong (Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland); M. J. Lancaster (School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Birmingham, England)

• ISBN13: 9780471388777
• ISBN10: 0471388777
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-07-01
• Publisher: Wiley-Interscience

Summary

Advanced, specialized coverage of microstrip filter design Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications is the only professional reference focusing solely on microstrip filters. It offers a unique and comprehensive treatment of filters based on the microstrip structure and includes full design methodologies that are also applicable to waveguide and other transmission line filters. The authors include coverage of new configurations with advanced filtering characteristics, new design techniques, and methods for filter miniaturization. The book utilizes numerous design examples to illustrate and emphasize computer analysis and synthesis while also discussing the applications of commercially available software. Other highlights include: Lowpass and bandpass filters Highpass and bandstop filters Full-wave electromagnetic simulation Advanced materials and technologies Coupled resonator circuits Computer-aided design for low-cost/high-volume production Compact filters and filter miniaturization Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications is not only a valuable design resource for practitioners, but also a handy reference for students and researchers in microwave engineering.

Author Biography

JIA-SHENG HONG, PhD, teaches in the Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Introduction	1	(6)
Network Analysis	7	(22)
Network Variables	7	(1)
Scattering Parameters	8	(3)
Short-Circuit Admittance Parameters	11	(1)
Open-Circuit Impedance Parameters	11	(1)
ABCD Parameters	12	(1)
Transmission Line Networks	12	(2)
Network Connections	14	(3)
Network Parameter Conversions	17	(1)
Symmetrical Network Analysis	18	(3)
Multi-Port Networks	21	(3)
Equivalent and Dual Networks	24	(2)
Multi-Mode Networks	26	(3)
References	28	(1)
Basic Concepts and Theories of Filters	29	(48)
Transfer Functions	29	(9)
General Definitions	29	(1)
The Poles and Zeros on the Complex Plane	30	(1)
Butterworth (Maximally Flat) Response	31	(1)
Chebyshev Response	32	(2)
Elliptic Function Response	34	(2)
Gaussian (Maximally Flat Group-Delay) Response	36	(1)
All-Pass Response	37	(1)
Lowpass Prototype Filters and Elements	38	(10)
Butterworth Lowpass Prototype Filters	41	(1)
Chebyshev Lowpass Prototype Filters	41	(3)
Elliptic Function Lowpass Prototype Filters	44	(2)
Gaussian Lowpass Prototype Filters	46	(1)
All-Pass Lowpass Prototype Filters	47	(1)
Frequency and Element Transformations	48	(6)
Lowpass Transformation	49	(2)
Highpass Transformation	51	(1)
Bandpass Transformation	51	(2)
Bandstop Transformation	53	(1)
Immittance Inverters	54	(7)
Definition of Immittance, Impedance and Admittance Inverters	54	(2)
Filters with Immittance Inverters	56	(4)
Practical Realization of Immittance Inverters	60	(1)
Richards' Transformation and Kuroda Identities	61	(8)
Richards' Transformation	61	(5)
Kuroda Identities	66	(1)
Coupled-Line Equivalent Circuits	66	(3)
Dissipation and Unloaded Quality Factor	69	(8)
Unloaded Quality Factors of Lossy Reactive Elements	70	(1)
Dissipation Effects on Lowpass and Highpass Filters	71	(2)
Dissipation Effects on Bandpass and Bandstop Filters	73	(2)
References	75	(2)
Transmission Lines and Components	77	(32)
Microstrip Lines	77	(7)
Microstrip Structure	77	(1)
Waves in Microstrip	77	(1)
Quasi-TEM Approximation	78	(1)
Effective Dielectric Constant and Characteristic Impedance	78	(2)
Guided Wavelength, Propagation Constant, Phase Velocity, and Electrical Length	80	(1)
Synthesis of W/h	80	(1)
Effect of Strip Thickness	81	(1)
Dispersion in Microstrip	82	(1)
Microstrip Losses	83	(1)
Effect of Enclosure	84	(1)
Surface Waves and Higher-Order Modes	84	(1)
Coupled Lines	84	(5)
Even- and Odd-Mode Capacitances	85	(2)
Even- and Odd-Mode Characteristic Impedances and Effective Dielectric Constants	87	(1)
More Accurate Design Equations	87	(2)
Discontinuities and Components	89	(15)
Microstrip Discontinuities	89	(4)
Microstrip Components	93	(9)
Loss Considerations for Microstrip Resonators	102	(2)
Other Types of Microstrip Lines	104	(5)
References	106	(3)
Lowpass and Bandpass Filters	109	(52)
Lowpass Filters	109	(12)
Stepped-Impedance L-C Ladder Type Lowpass Filters	109	(3)
L-C Ladder Type of Lowpass Filters using Open-Circuited Stubs	112	(4)
Semilumped Lowpass Filters Having Finite-Frequency Attenuation Poles	116	(5)
Bandpass Filters	121	(40)
End-Coupled, Half-Wavelength Resonator Filters	121	(6)
Parallel-Coupled, Half-Wavelength Resonator Filters	127	(2)
Hairpin-Line Bandpass Filters	129	(4)
Interdigital Bandpass Filters	133	(9)
Combine Filters	142	(6)
Pseudocombline Filters	148	(3)
Stub Bandpass Filters	151	(7)
References	158	(3)
Highpass and Bandstop Filters	161	(30)
Highpass Filters	161	(7)
Quasilumped Highpass Filters	161	(4)
Optimum Distributed Highpass Filters	165	(3)
Bandstop Filters	168	(23)
Narrow-Band Bandstop Filters	168	(8)
Bandstop Filters with Open-Circuited Stubs	176	(6)
Optimum Bandstop Filters	182	(6)
Bandstop Filters for RF Chokes	188	(2)
References	190	(1)
Advanced Materials and Technologies	191	(44)
Superconducting Filters	191	(13)
Superconducting Materials	191	(1)
Complex Conductivity of Superconductors	192	(1)
Penetration Depth of Superconductors	193	(1)
Surface Impedance of Superconductors	194	(3)
Nonlinearity of Superconductors	197	(2)
Substrates for Superconductors	199	(1)
HTS Microstrip Filters	200	(1)
High-Power HTS Filters	201	(3)
Ferroelectric Tunable Filters	204	(7)
Ferroelectric Materials	205	(1)
Dielectric Properties	206	(2)
Tunable Microstrip Filters	208	(3)
Micromachined Filters	211	(4)
MEMS and Micromachining	211	(1)
Micromachined Microstrip Filters	211	(4)
MMIC Filters	215	(2)
MMIC Technology	215	(1)
MMIC Microstrip Filters	216	(1)
Active Filters	217	(4)
Active Filter Methodologies	217	(2)
Active Microstrip Filters	219	(2)
Photonic Bandgap (PBG) Filters	221	(3)
PBG Structures	221	(1)
PBG Microstrip Filters	222	(2)
Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) Filters	224	(11)
LTCC Technology	224	(1)
Miniaturized LTCC Filters	225	(2)
References	227	(8)
Coupled Resonator Circuits	235	(38)
General Coupling Matrix for Coupled-Resonator Filters	236	(8)
Loop Equation Formulation	236	(4)
Node Equation Formulation	240	(3)
General Coupling Matrix	243	(1)
General Theory of Couplings	244	(13)
Synchronously Tuned Coupled-Resonator Circuits	245	(6)
Asynchronously Tuned Coupled-Resonator Circuits	251	(6)
General Formulation for Extracting Coupling Coefficient k	257	(1)
Formulation for Extracting External Quality Factor Qe	258	(6)
Singly Loaded Resonator	259	(3)
Doubly Loaded Resonator	262	(2)
Numerical Examples	264	(9)
Extracting k (Synchronous Tuning)	265	(2)
Extracting k (Asynchronous Tuning)	267	(3)
Extracting Qe	270	(1)
References	271	(2)
CAD for Low-Cost and High-Volume Production	273	(42)
Computer-Aided Design Tools	274	(1)
Computer-Aided Analysis	274	(11)
Circuit Analysis	274	(5)
Electromagnetic Simulation	279	(4)
Artificial Neural Network Modeling	283	(2)
Optimization	285	(14)
Basic Concepts	285	(1)
Objective Functions for Filter Optimization	286	(2)
One-Dimensional Optimization	288	(1)
Gradient Methods for Optimization	288	(3)
Direct Search Optimization	291	(4)
Optimization Strategies Involving EM Simulations	295	(4)
Filter Synthesis by Optimization	299	(16)
General Description	299	(1)
Synthesis of a Quasielliptic Function Filter by Optimization	299	(1)
Synthesis of an Asynchronously Tuned Filter by Optimization	300	(2)
Synthesis of a UMTS Filter by Optimization	302	(4)
CAD Examples	306	(6)
References	312	(3)
Advanced RF/Microwave Filters	315	(64)
Selective Filters with a Single Pair of Transmission Zeros	315	(10)
Filter Characteristics	315	(2)
Filter Synthesis	317	(3)
Filter Analysis	320	(1)
Microstrip Filter Realization	321	(4)
Cascaded Quadruplet (CQ) Filters	325	(3)
Microstrip CQ Filters	326	(1)
Design Example	326	(2)
Trisection and Cascaded Trisection (CT) Filters	328	(13)
Characteristics of CT Filters	328	(3)
Trisection Filters	331	(4)
Microstrip Trisection Filters	335	(5)
Microstrip CT Filters	340	(1)
Advanced Filters with Transmission Line Inserted Inverters	341	(9)
Characteristics of Transmission Line Inserted Inverters	341	(3)
Filtering Characteristics with Transmission Line Inserted Inverters	344	(4)
General Transmission Line Filter	348	(2)
Linear Phase Filters	350	(9)
Prototype of Linear Phase Filter	350	(5)
Microstrip Linear Phase Bandpass Filters	355	(4)
Extract Pole Filters	359	(12)
Extracted Pole Synthesis Procedure	360	(6)
Synthesis Example	366	(2)
Microstrip Extracted Pole Bandpass Filters	368	(3)
Canonical Filters	371	(8)
General Coupling Structure	371	(2)
Elliptic Function/Selective Linear Phase Canonical Filters	373	(2)
References	375	(4)
Compact Filters and Filter Miniaturization	379	(54)
Ladder Line Filters	379	(4)
Ladder Microstrip Line	379	(2)
Ladder Microstrip Line Resonators and Filters	381	(2)
Pseudointerdigital Line Filters	383	(6)
Filtering Structure	383	(2)
Pseudointerdigital Resonators and Filters	385	(4)
Miniature Open-Loop and Hairpin Resonator Filters	389	(3)
Slow-Wave Resonator Filters	392	(12)
Capacitively Loaded Transmission Line Resonator	392	(4)
End-Coupled Slow-Wave Resonator Filters	396	(1)
Slow-Wave, Open-Loop Resonator Filters	396	(8)
Miniature Dual-Mode Resonator Filters	404	(6)
Microstrip Dual-Mode Resonators	404	(4)
Miniaturized Dual-Mode Resonator Filters	408	(2)
Multilayer Filters	410	(10)
Wider-Band Multilayer Filters	411	(1)
Narrow-Band Multilayer Filters	412	(8)
Lumped-Element Filters	420	(6)
Miniaturized Filters Using High Dielectric Constant Substrates	426	(7)
References	428	(5)
Case Study for Mobile Communications Applications	433	(26)
HTS Subsystems and RF Modules for Mobile Base Stations	433	(3)
HTS Microstrip Duplexers	436	(10)
Duplexer Principle	438	(1)
Duplexer Design	439	(5)
Duplexer Fabrication and Test	444	(2)
Preselect HTS Microstrip Bandpass Filters	446	(13)
Design Considerations	446	(2)
Design of the Preselect Filter	448	(1)
Sensitivity Analysis	448	(2)
Evaluation of Quality Factor	450	(4)
Filter Fabrication and Test	454	(2)
References	456	(3)
Appendix: Useful Constants and Data	459	(2)
Index	461