Migraine And Other Headache Disorders

by Lipton; Richard B.

• ISBN13: 9780849336959
• ISBN10: 0849336953
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-05-10
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Albert Einstein College of Medicine. NY. Presents current diagnostic and treatment protocols for migraine and other headache conditions. Topics include tools to help assess migraine patients, preventing progression of migraines, algorithm-based approach to assess headache severity, and more. For clinicians.

Table of Contents

Preface	iii
Contributors	xv
1. Headache—Classification	1	(22)
Marcelo E. Bigal and Richard B. Lipton
Introduction	1	(1)
An Overview of the ICHD-2	1	(4)
Classification of the Primary Headaches	5	(9)
Secondary Headaches	14	(1)
Headache Attributed to Head and/or Neck Trauma	14	(1)
Headache Attributed to Cranial or Cervical Vascular Disorders	14	(1)
Headache Attributed to Nonvascular Intracranial Disorders	15	(1)
Headache Attributed to a Substance or Its Withdrawal	15	(1)
Headache Attributed to Infection	15	(1)
Headache Attributed to Disorders of Homeostasis	15	(1)
Headache or Facial Pain Attributed to Disorders of Cranium, Neck, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Sinuses, Teeth, Mouth, or Other Facial or Cranial Structures	16	(1)
Headache Attributed to Psychiatric Disorders	16	(1)
Cranial Neuralgias and Central Causes of Facial Pain	16	(1)
Controversies in the Classification of Primary Chronic Daily Headaches of Long Duration	16	(1)
References	17	(6)
2. The Epidemiology and Impact of Migraine	23	(14)
Richard B. Lipton and Marcelo E. Bigal
Introduction	23	(1)
The Epidemiology of Migraine	23	(8)
The Burden of Migraine	31	(1)
Probable Migraine An Important Migraine Subtype	32	(1)
Conclusions	33	(1)
References	34	(3)
3. Progressive Headache: Epidemiology, Natural History, and Risk Factors	37	(8)
Ann I. Scher
Introduction	37	(1)
Classification	37	(1)
Chronic Daily Headache Epidemiology and Natural History	38	(1)
Demographic Factors Associated with Chronic
Daily Headache	38	(1)
Other Factors Associated with Chronic Daily Headache Prevalence or Incidence	39	(3)
Conclusion	42	(1)
References	42	(3)
4. Comorbidity of Migraine	45	(16)
Nancy C.P. Loup and Kathleen Ries Merikangas
Introduction	45	(1)
Methodology of Comorbidity Studies	45	(1)
Evidence for Migraine Comorbidity	46	(7)
Conclusion	53	(1)
References	54	(7)
5. Pain Sensitivity: Intracranial and Extracranial Structures	61	(6)
Todd D. Rozen
Anatomy of Head Pain	61	(4)
References	65	(2)
6. Pathophysiology of Aura	67	(14)
M. Sanchez del Rio and U. Renter
Introduction	67	(1)
Neurophysiological Mechanisms	67	(5)
Imaging Studies	72	(1)
Molecular Mechanisms	72	(2)
Occipital Cortex Excitability	74	(1)
Genetics	75	(1)
Conclusions	76	(1)
References	77	(4)
7. Pathophysiology of Migraine	81	(18)
Peter J. Goadsby
Introduction	81	(1)
Migraine-Explaining the Clinical Features	81	(1)
Genetics of Migraine	82	(1)
Familial Hemiplegic Migraine (FHM)	82	(1)
Migraine Aura	83	(1)
Headache-Anatomy	83	(1)
Headache Physiology—Peripheral Connections	84	(2)
Headache Physiology-Central Connections	86	(2)
Central Modulation of Trigeminal Pain	88	(1)
What Is Migraine?	89	(1)
References	90	(9)
8. Allodynia and Sensitization in Migraine	99	(14)
William B. Young, Avi Ashkenazi, and Michael L. Oshinsky
Introduction	99	(1)
Sensory Processing by the Nervous System	100	(1)
Sensitization of the Dorsal Horn	100	(2)
Rat Model of Migraine Headache and Allodynia	102	(1)
Human Studies of Allodynia in Pain Disorders Other Than Migraine	103	(1)
Human Studies of Allodynia in Migraine	104	(2)
Time Course of Sensitization in Migraine	106	(1)
The Effect of Allodynia on Treatment Outcome	106	(1)
The Effect of Treatment on Allodynia	107	(1)
Allodynia in Headache Disorders Other Than Migraine	107	(1)
Conclusion	108	(1)
References	108	(5)
9. Genetics of Migraine and Other Primary Headaches	113	(18)
Gisela M. Terwindt, Esther E. Kors, Joost Haan, Kaate R.J. Vanmolkot, Rune R. Frants, Arn M.J.M. van den Maagdenberg, and Michel D. Ferrari
Introduction-Genetic Studies on Headache	113	(1)
The Clinical Spectrum of the CACNA1A Gene Mutations	114	(4)
The Clinical Spectrum of the ATP1A2 Gene	118	(2)
Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine	120	(1)
Genetic Susceptibility in Migraine	120	(3)
Cluster Headache	123	(1)
Tension-Type Headache	123	(1)
Concluding Remarks	123	(1)
References	124	(7)
10. Identification or Exclusion of Secondary Headaches	131	(14)
Randolph W. Evans and R. Allan Purdy
Introduction	131	(1)
General Indications for Neuroimaging for Headaches	132	(1)
Neuroimaging for Headaches with a Normal Neurological Examination	132	(1)
Neuroimaging for Migraine	133	(2)
Evaluation of the Acute Severe New-Onset Headache ("First or Worst Headaches")	135	(3)
Headaches Over the Age of 50 Years	138	(2)
New Daily Headaches	140	(1)
References	141	(4)
11. Differential Diagnosis of Primary Headaches: An Algorithm-Based Approach	145	(10)
Richard B. Lipton and Marcelo E. Bigal
Introduction	145	(1)
Approaching a Patient with Headache	145	(7)
Conclusions	152	(1)
References	152	(3)
12. Diagnostic and Severity Tools for Migraine	155	(18)
Marcelo E. Bigal and Richard B. Lipton
Introduction	155	(1)
Screening for Migraine	156	(3)
Assessing Migraine-Related Disability	159	(4)
Assessing Psychological Comorbidity	163	(1)
Assessing Ongoing Treatment	163	(2)
Conclusion	165	(1)
References	165	(2)
Appendix: The PRIME-MD Questionnaire	167	(6)
13. Migraine Without Aura	173	(16)
Fred Sheltell and Roger Cady
Introduction-Migraine Without Aura: An Underdiagnosed and Undertreated Disorder	173	(1)
The ICHD-2 Criteria for Migraine Without Aura	174	(3)
Migraine in Clinical Practice	177	(4)
The Convergence Hypothesis	181	(1)
Menstrually Related Migraine	182	(1)
Conclusion	183	(1)
Illustrative Case History	184	(1)
References	184	(5)
14. Migraine with Aura	189	(14)
Malene Kirchmann Eriksen and Jes Olesen
Introduction	189	(1)
Classification	189	(3)
Migraine with Typical Aura	192	(5)
Familial and Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine	197	(1)
Basilar-Type Migraine	198	(1)
Differential Diagnoses	199	(1)
References	199	(4)
15. Childhood Periodic Syndromes	203	(10)
Vincenzo Guidetti, Federica Galli, Azzurra Alesini, and Federico Dazzi
Introduction	203	(1)
Cyclical Vomiting	204	(2)
RAP and Abdominal Migraine	206	(1)
BPV of Childhood	207	(1)
Benign Paroxysmal Torticollis	208	(1)
Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood	209	(1)
Conclusion	209	(1)
References	210	(3)
16. Retinal, or "Monocular," Migraine	213	(10)
Brian M. Grosberg and Seymour Solomon
Introduction	213	(1)
Diagnostic Criteria	213	(2)
Clinical Features	215	(2)
Epidemiology and Prognosis	217	(1)
Pathophysiology	218	(1)
Differential Diagnosis	218	(1)
Management	219	(1)
References	220	(3)
17. Status Migrainosus, Persistent Aura, Migraine-Associated Seizures ("Migralepsy"), and Migrainous Infarction	223	(18)
Jessica Crowder, Curtis Delplanche, and John F. Rothrock
Introduction	223	(1)
Status Migrainosus	223	(4)
Prolonged Aura	227	(1)
Migralepsy	228	(4)
Migraine and Stroke	232	(4)
References	236	(5)
18. Principles of Headache Management	241	(20)
Marc S. Husid and Alan M. Rapoport
Introduction	241	(1)
Establishing the Diagnosis	242	(10)
Assessing Disability	252	(1)
Educating Patients	252	(2)
Establishing Realistic Expectations	254	(1)
Encouraging Patients to Become Active in Their Own Care	254	(1)
Headache Calendars	255	(1)
Developing an Appropriate, Individualized Treatment Plan	256	(1)
Why Headache Treatment Fails	256	(1)
Conclusion	257	(1)
References	258	(1)
Further Reading (Patient Education Resources)	258	(2)
Appendix 1	260	(1)
19. Behavioral and Educational Approaches to the Management of Migraine: Clinical and Public Health Applications	261	(12)
Kenneth A. Holroyd
Introduction	261	(1)
Behavioral Interventions	261	(2)
Treatment Delivery	263	(1)
Efficacy	264	(1)
Integrating Drug and Behavioral Treatments	265	(1)
Education for Self-Management	266	(1)
Community Applications	267	(3)
Conclusion	270	(1)
References	270	(3)
20. Nonspecific Migraine Acute Treatment	273	(16)
Abouch Kryinchantowski and Stewart J. Tepper
Introduction	273	(1)
Simple Analgesics	274	(3)
Medications for the Treatment of Nausea	277	(1)
Combinations of NSAIDs and Triptans	278	(1)
Neuroleptics in the Treatment of Pain	279	(1)
OPIOIDS	279	(1)
Nonspecific vs. Specific Treatments	280	(2)
Conclusions	282	(1)
References	283	(6)
21. Specific Acute Migraine Treatment: Ergotamine and Triptans	289	(22)
Hans-Christoph Diener and Volker Liminroth
Introduction	289	(1)
Ergotamine	289	(1)
Ergotamine vs. Oral Triptans	290	(2)
Triptans	292	(12)
Conclusions	304	(1)
References	304	(7)
22. Preventive Treatment for Migraine	311	(52)
Stephen D. Silberstein
Introduction —Why and When to Use Migraine-Preventive Medications	311	(2)
Mechanism of Action of Preventive Medications	313	(2)
Specific Migraine-Preventive Agents	315	(30)
Setting Treatment Priorities	345	(2)
References	347	(16)
23. Herbal Medicines and Vitamins	363	(12)
Jean Schoenen and Delphille Magi's
Introduction	363	(1)
Riboflavin	363	(3)
Coenzyme Q10	366	(1)
Thioctic Acid (α-Lipoic Acid)	367	(1)
Feverfew (Tanacetunt parthenium)	367	(2)
Butterbur (Petasites hybridus)	369	(1)
Magnesium	370	(1)
Conclusions	370	(1)
References	371	(4)
24. Treatment of Migraine in Children and Adolescents	375	(18)
Paul Winner
Introduction	375	(1)
Acute Treatment	376	(5)
Preventive Therapy	381	(7)
Conclusions	388	(1)
References	389	(4)
25. Inpatient Management and Invasive Treatment Strategies for Migraine and Chronic Daily Headaches	393	(20)
Frederick G. Freitag
Introduction	393	(1)
Inpatient Treatment	393	(12)
Invasive Treatment of Migraine and Chronic Daily Headaches	405	(3)
Conclusion	408	(1)
References	409	(4)
26. Migraine in the Emergency Department	413	(18)
Merle Diamond and Benjamin W. Friedman
Introduction	413	(1)
How to Approach a Patient with Acute Headache in the ED	414	(3)
Treatment	417	(5)
Specific Situations	422	(1)
Disposition	423	(2)
Status Migrainosus/Intractable Pain	425	(1)
References	426	(5)
27. Progression Forms of Migraine	431	(14)
Marcelo E. Bigal and Richard B. Lipton
Introduction	431	(1)
Epidemiology of the CDHs	432	(1)
Transformed Migraine	432	(9)
Prospects for Preventing Headache Progression	441	(1)
References	442	(3)
28. The Future of Migraine Therapies	445	(12)
Todd Schwedt and David Dodick
Introduction	445	(1)
Trigeminal Receptor Targets	446	(2)
Adenosine Receptors	448	(1)
Drugs Targeting the ORL-1 Receptors	448	(1)
Vanilloid Receptors	449	(1)
Glutamate Receptors	449	(1)
CGRP Receptor Antagonists	450	(1)
NOS Inhibitors	450	(1)
Pharmacogenomics	451	(1)
Summary	452	(1)
References	453	(4)
29. Tension-Type Headache	457	(14)
Rigmor Jensen
Introduction	457	(1)
The Epidemiology of TTH	458	(2)
The Clinical Presentation of TTH	460	(2)
Physical Examination in Subjects with TTH	462	(1)
Psychological Aspects of TTH	463	(1)
Pathophysiology	463	(1)
Treatment	464	(1)
References	465	(6)
30. Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalgias	471	(24)
David Dodick
Introduction	471	(1)
Pathophysiology	471	(2)
Cluster Headache	473	(11)
Paroxysmal Hemicranias	484	(2)
SUNCT Syndrome	486	(1)
References	487	(8)
31. Other Primary' Headaches	495	(14)
Lawrence C. Newman, Susan W. Broner and Christine L. Lay
Introduction	495	(1)
Primary Stabbing Headache (ICHD-2 Code 4.1)	495	(1)
Primary Cough Headache (ICHD-2 Code 4.2)	496	(1)
Primary Exertional Headache (ICHD-2 Code 4.3)	497	(1)
Primary Headaches Associated with Sexual Activity(ICHD-2 Code 4.4)	498	(1)
The Hypnic Headache Syndrome (ICHD-2 Code 4.5)	499	(1)
Primary Thunderclap Headache (ICHD-2 Code 4.6)	500	(1)
Hemicrania Continua (ICHD-2 Code 4.7)	501	(32)
New Daily-Persistent Headache (ICHD-2 Code 4.8)	533
Conclusion	505	(1)
References	505	(4)
32. When the Treatment of Headache Fails	509	(14)
Richard B. Lipton and Marcelo E. Bigal
Introduction	509	(1)
Reason 1: The Diagnosis Is Incomplete or Incorrect	509	(5)
Reason 2: Important Exacerbating Factors May Have Been Missed	514	(1)
Reason 3: Pharmacotherapy May Be Inadequate	515	(2)
Reason 4: Nonpharmacologic Treatment May Be Inadequate	517	(1)
Reason 5: Other Reasons for Treatment Failure	517	(1)
Conclusions	518	(1)
References	518	(5)
Index	523