The migration movements of the 20th century have led to an increased interest in similarly dramatic population changes in the preceding century. The contributors to this volume - legal scholars, sociologists, political scientists and historians - focus on migration control in the 19th century, concentrating on issues such as the impact of the French Revolution on the development of modern citizenship laws and on the development of new forms of migration control in France and other European states, and the interrelationship between the different administrative levels - local, regional and national - at which migration control was exercised.

List of Illustrations

vii

Acknowledgements

viii

Notes on Contributors

Introduction

(10)

Andreas Fahrmeir

Olivier Faron

Patrick Weil

PART I. Beyond the French Revolution: New Concepts of Citizenship: New Methods of Control

The Eighteenth-Century Citizenship Revolution in France

(14)

Peter Sahlins

`African Citizens': Slavery, Freedom and Migration During the French Revolution

(14)

Laurent Dubois

Paris and its Foreigners in the Late Eighteenth Century

(16)

Olivier Faron

Cyril Grange

British Nationality Policy as a Counter-Revolutionary Strategy During the Napoleonic Wars: The Emergence of Modern Naturalization Regulations

(18)

Margrit Schulte Beerbuhl

PART II. An Age of Experimentation: Controlling Movement in the Nineteenth Century

Passports and the Development of Immigration Controls in the North Atlantic World During the Long Nineteenth Century

(19)

John Torpey

`Beggars appear everywhere!': Changing Approaches to Migration Control in Mid-Nineteenth Century Munich

(14)

K. M. N. Carpenter

Qualitative Migration Controls in the Antebellum United States

106

(14)

Gerald L. Neuman

The Transformation of Nineteenth-Century West European Expulsion Policy, 1880-1914

120

(18)

Frank Caestecker

Foreigners and the Law in Nineteenth-Century Austria: Juridical Concepts and Legal Rights in the Light of the Development of Citizenship

138

(15)

Birgitta Bader-Zaar

Empowerment and Control: Conflicting Central and Regional Interests in Migration Within the Habsburg Monarchy

153

(14)

Andrea Komlosy

Was the Nineteenth Century a Golden Age for Immigrants? The Changing Articulation of National, Local and Voluntary Controls

167

(11)

David Feldman

Revolutionaries into Beggars: Alien Policies in the Netherlands 1814-1914

178

(17)

Leo Lucassen

PART III. New Determinants of Migration Control: Commercial Interests, Unions and Politicians

The Archaeology of `Remote Control'

195

(28)

Aristide R. Zolberg

Hamburg and the Transit of East European Emigrants

223

(14)

Katja Wustenbecker

Labour Unions and the Nationalisation of Immigration Restriction in the United States, 1880-1924

237

(16)

Catherine Collomp

Between Altruism and Self-Interest: Immigration Restriction and the Emergence of American-Jewish Politics in the United States

253

(18)

Michael Berkowitz

Races at the Gate. Racial Distinctions in Immigration Policy: A Comparison between France and the United States

271

(30)

Patrick Weil

PART IV. Provisional Conclusions

Law and Practice: Problems in Researching the History of Migration Controls

301

(16)

Andreas Fahrmeir

Index

317

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