Miller and Freund's Probability and Statistics for Engineers

by Johnson, Richard A.; Miller, Irwin; Freund, John

• ISBN13: 9780131437456
• ISBN10: 0131437453
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

This example and exercise-rich exploration of both elementary probability and basic statistics places a strong emphasis on engineering and science applications, many using data collected from the author's consulting experience. In later chapters, there is an emphasis on designed experiments, especially two-level factorial design.Includes a vast, rich collection of problem sets, current coverage of two-level factorial design, curve fitting, and case studies in the first two chapters.For those who are interested in Probability and Statistics or Applied Statistics for engineering, physical science, and mathematics.

Table of Contents

Preface	x
1 Introduction	1	(12)
1.1 Why Study Statistics?	1	(1)
1.2 Modern Statistics	2	(1)
1.3 Statistics and Engineering	3	(1)
1.4 The Role of the Scientist and Engineer in Quality Improvement	3	(1)
1.5 A Case Study: Visually Inspecting Data to Improve Product Quality	4	(2)
1.6 Two Basic Concepts-Population and Sample	6	(7)
Do's and Don'ts	10	(1)
Review Exercises	10	(3)
2 Treatment of Data	13	(40)
2.1 Pareto Diagrams and Dot Diagrams	13	(3)
2.2 Frequency Distributions	16	(3)
2.3 Graphs of Frequency Distributions	19	(3)
2.4 Stem-and-leaf Displays	22	(6)
2.5 Descriptive Measures	28	(5)
2.6 Quartiles and Percentiles	33	(5)
2.7 The Calculation of -x and s	38	(7)
2.8 A Case Study: Problems with Aggregating Data	45	(8)
Do's and Don'ts	48	(1)
Review Exercises	48	(5)
3 Probability	53	(48)
3.1 Sample Spaces and Events	53	(5)
3.2 Counting	58	(7)
3.3 Probability	65	(2)
3.4 The Axioms of Probability	67	(3)
3.5 Some Elementary Theorems	70	(8)
3.6 Conditional Probability	78	(7)
3.7 Bayes' Theorem	85	(6)
3.8 Mathematical Expectation and Decision Making	91	(10)
Do's and Don'ts	96	(1)
Review Exercises	97	(4)
4 Probability Distributions	101	(45)
4.1 Random Variables	101	(3)
4.2 The Binomial Distribution	104	(6)
4.3 The Hypergeometric Distribution	110	(5)
4.4 The Mean and the Variance of a Probability Distribution	115	(7)
4.5 Chebyshev's Theorem	122	(5)
4.6 The Poisson Approximation to the Binomial Distribution	127	(3)
4.7 Poisson Processes	130	(3)
4.8 The Geometric Distribution	133	(3)
4.9 The Multinomial Distribution	136	(2)
4.10 Simulation	138	(8)
Do's and Don'ts	141	(1)
Review Exercises	142	(4)
5 Probability Densities	146	(57)
5.1 Continuous Random Variables	146	(7)
5.2 The Normal Distribution	153	(7)
5.3 The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution	160	(5)
5.4 Other Probability Densities	165	(1)
5.5 The Uniform Distribution	165	(1)
5.6 The Log-Normal Distribution	166	(3)
5.7 The Gamma Distribution	169	(2)
5.8 The Beta Distribution	171	(2)
5.9 The Weibull Distribution	173	(3)
5.10 Joint Distributions-Discrete and Continuous	176	(14)
5.11 Checking if the Data Are Normal	190	(3)
5.12 Transforming Observations to Near Normality	193	(2)
5.13 Simulation	195	(4)
Do's and Don'ts	199	(1)
Review Exercises	200	(3)
6 Sampling Distributions	203	(23)
6.1 Populations and Samples	203	(4)
6.2 The Sampling Distribution of the Mean (σ known)	207	(9)
6.3 The Sampling Distribution of the Mean (σ unknown)	216	(2)
6.4 The Sampling Distribution of the Variance	218	(8)
Do's and Don'ts	222	(1)
Review Exercises	223	(3)
7 Inferences Concerning Means	226	(55)
7.1 Point Estimation	226	(5)
7.2 Interval Estimation	231	(7)
7.3 Tests of Hypotheses	238	(2)
7.4 Null Hypotheses and Tests of Hypotheses	240	(6)
7.5 Hypotheses Concerning One Mean	246	(5)
7.6 The Relation Between Tests and Confidence Intervals	251	(1)
7.7 Operating Characteristic Curves	252	(8)
7.8 Inference Concerning Two Means	260	(12)
7.9 Design Issues-Randomization and Pairing	272	(9)
Do's and Don'ts	274	(2)
Review Exercises	276	(5)
8 Inferences Concerning Variances	281	(11)
8.1 The Estimation of Variances	281	(3)
8.2 Hypotheses Concerning One Variance	284	(2)
8.3 Hypotheses Concerning Two Variances	286	(6)
Do's and Don'ts	290	(1)
Review Exercises	290	(2)
9 Inferences Concerning Proportions	292	(28)
9.1 Estimation of Proportions	292	(6)
9.2 Hypotheses Concerning One Proportion	298	(2)
9.3 Hypotheses Concerning Several Proportions	300	(8)
9.4 Analysis of r x c Tables	308	(3)
9.5 Goodness of Fit	311	(9)
Do's and Don'ts	316	(1)
Review Exercises	317	(3)
10 Nonparametric Tests	320	(17)
10.1 Introduction	320	(1)
10.2 The Sign Test	321	(1)
10.3 Rank-Sum Tests	322	(6)
10.4 Tests of Randomness	328	(3)
10.5 The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Anderson-Darling Tests	331	(13)
Do's and Don'ts	334	(1)
Review Exercises	335	(2)
11.1 The Method of Least Squares	337	(60)
11.2 Inferences Based on the Least Squares Estimators	344	(14)
11.3 Curvilinear Regression	358	(5)
11.4 Multiple Regression	363	(4)
11.5 Checking the Adequacy of the Model	367	(7)
11.6 Correlation	374	(13)
11.7 Multiple Linear Regression (Matrix Notation)	387	(10)
Do's and Don'ts	391	(1)
Review Exercises	392	(5)
12 Analysis of Variance	397	(53)
12.1 Some General Principles	397	(3)
12.2 Completely Randomized Designs	400	(17)
12.3 Randomized-Block Designs	417	(8)
12.4 Multiple Comparisons	425	(6)
12.5 Some Further Experimental Designs	431	(8)
12.6 Analysis of Covariance	439	(11)
Do's and don'ts	445	(1)
Review Exercises	445	(5)
13 Factorial Experimentation	450	(60)
13.1 Two-Factor Experiments	450	(9)
13.2 Multifactor Experiments	459	(11)
13.3 2n Factorial Experiments	470	(8)
13.4 The Graphic Presentation of 2² and 2³ Experiments	478	(16)
13.5 Confounding in a 2n Factorial Experiment	494	(4)
13.6 Fractional Replication	498	(12)
Do's and Don'ts	504	(1)
Review Exercises	504	(6)
14 The Statistical Content of Quality-Improvement Programs	510	(39)
14.1 Quality-Improvement Programs	510	(3)
14.2 Starting a Quality-Improvement Program	513	(2)
14.3 Experimental Designs for Quality	515	(3)
14.4 Quality Control	518	(2)
14.5 Control Charts for Measurements	520	(6)
14.6 Control Charts for Attributes	526	(6)
14.7 Tolerance Limits	532	(3)
14.8 Acceptance Sampling	535	(14)
Do's and Don'ts	544	(1)
Review Exercises	545	(4)
15 Application to Reliability and Life Testing	549	(24)
15.1 Reliability	549	(3)
15.2 Failure-Time Distribution	552	(2)
15.3 The Exponential Model in Reliability	554	(4)
15.4 The Exponential Model in Life Testing	558	(4)
15.5 The Weibull Model in Life Testing	562	(47)
Do's and Don'ts	568	(1)
Review Exercises	568	(5)
Appendix A Bibliography	573	(2)
Appendix B Statistical Tables	575	(34)
Appendix C Using the R Software Program	609	(6)
Introduction to R	609	(1)
Entering Data	609	(1)
Arithmetic Operations	610	(1)
Descriptive Statistics	611	(1)
Probability Distributions	611	(1)
Normal Probability Calculations	611	(1)
Sampling Distributions	612	(1)
Confidence Intervals and Tests of Means	612	(1)
Inference About Proportions	612	(1)
Regression	613	(1)
One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)	613	(2)
Appendix D Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises	615	(20)
Index	635