Mind on Statistics (with CD-ROMs, CengageNOW, iLrn™ Homework Student Version, InfoTrac 2-Semester, Personal Tutor, Internet Companion for Statistics 2-Semester Printed Access Card)

by Utts, Jessica M.; Heckard, Robert F.

• ISBN13: 9780534998646
• ISBN10: 053499864X
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-01-03
• Publisher: Duxbury Press

Summary

Develop a conceptual understanding of statistical ideas and learn to find meaning in data with MIND ON STATISTICS and its accompanying online learning tools. Utts and Heckard explain statistical topics through excellent examples and case studies, balancing the spirit of statistical literacy with the statistical methodology. You'll develop your statistical intuition by focusing on analyzing data and interpreting results, rather than on mathematical formulation.Your purchase includes access to iLrn Homework, an online tool that guides you through problem solving, as well as access to a live online tutor and an online university library.

Table of Contents

Statistics Success Stories and Cautionary Tales	1	(11)
What Is Statistics?	1	(1)
Seven Statistical Stories with Morals	2	(5)
The Common Elements in the Seven Stories	7	(5)
Key Terms	8	(1)
Exercises	9	(3)
Turning Data Into Information	12	(58)
Raw Data	13	(2)
Types of Variables	15	(4)
Summarizing One or Two Categorical Variables	19	(5)
Exploring Features of Quantitative Data with Pictures	24	(12)
Numerical Summaries of Quantitative Variables	36	(11)
How to Handle Outliers	47	(2)
Features of Bell-Shaped Distributions	49	(7)
Skillbuilder Applet: The Empirical Rule in Action	56	(14)
Key Terms	57	(1)
Exercises	58	(12)
Sampling: Surveys and How to Ask Questions	70	(46)
Collecting and Using Sample Data Wisely	71	(4)
Margin of Error, Confidence Intervals, and Sample Size	75	(5)
Choosing a Simple Random Sample	80	(3)
Other Sampling Methods	83	(6)
Difficulties and Disasters in Sampling	89	(6)
How to Ask Survey Questions	95	(8)
Skillbuilder Applet: Random Sampling in Action	103	(13)
Key Terms	106	(1)
Exercises	106	(10)
Gathering Useful Data for Examining Relationships	116	(34)
Speaking the Language of Research Studies	117	(7)
Designing a Good Experiment	124	(9)
Designing a Good Observational Study	133	(3)
Difficulties and Disasters in Experiments and Observational Studies	136	(14)
Key Terms	141	(1)
Exercises	142	(8)
Relationships Between Quantitative Variables	150	(42)
Looking for Patterns with Scatterplots	152	(5)
Describing Linear Patterns with a Regression Line	157	(8)
Measuring Strength and Direction with Correlation	165	(6)
Regression and Correlation Difficulties and Disasters	171	(5)
Correlation Does Not Prove Causation	176	(2)
Skillbuilder Applet: Exploring Correlation	178	(14)
Key Terms	181	(1)
Exercises	181	(11)
Relationships Between Categorical Variables	192	(36)
Displaying Relationships Between Categorical Variables	193	(5)
Risk, Relative Risk, and Misleading Statistics About Risk	198	(6)
The Effect of a Third Variable and Simpson's Paradox	204	(2)
Assessing the Statistical Significance of a 2 X 2 Table	206	(22)
Key Terms	216	(1)
Exercises	217	(11)
Probability	228	(50)
Random Circumstances	229	(2)
Interpretations of Probability	231	(7)
Probability Definitions and Relationships	238	(5)
Basic Rules for Finding Probabilities	243	(8)
Strategies for Finding Complicated Probabilities	251	(8)
Using Simulation to Estimate Probabilities	259	(2)
Flawed Intuitive Judgments About Probability	261	(17)
Key Terms	269	(1)
Exercises	269	(9)
Random Variables	278	(52)
What Is a Random Variable?	279	(4)
Discrete Random Variables	283	(5)
Expectations for Random Variables	288	(6)
Binomial Random Variables	294	(6)
Continuous Random Variables	300	(2)
Normal Random Variables	302	(9)
Approximating Binomial Distribution Probabilities	311	(3)
Sums, Differences, and Combinations of Random Variables	314	(16)
Key Terms	320	(1)
Exercises	321	(9)
Understanding Sampling Distributions: Statistics as Random Variables	330	(70)
Parameters, Statistics, and Statistical Inference	331	(3)
From Curiosity to Questions About Parameters	334	(10)
SD Module 0: An Overview of Sampling Distributions	344	(4)
SD Module 1: Sampling Distribution for One Sample Proportion	348	(6)
SD Module 2: Sampling Distribution for the Difference in Two Sample Proportions	354	(3)
SD Module 3: Sampling Distribution for One Sample Mean	357	(5)
SD Module 4: Sampling Distribution for the Sample Mean of Paired Differences	362	(3)
SD Module 5: Sampling Distribution for the Difference in Two Sample Means	365	(3)
Preparing for Statistical Inference: Standardized Statistics	368	(5)
Generalizations Beyond the Big Five	373	(6)
Skillbuilder Applet: Finding the Pattern in Sample Means	379	(21)
Key Terms	383	(1)
Exercises	384	(16)
Estimating Proportions with Confidence	400	(42)
Introduction	401	(2)
CI Module 0: An Overview of Confidence Intervals	403	(7)
CI Module 1: Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion	410	(13)
CI Module 2: Confidence Intervals for the Difference in Two Population Proportions	423	(5)
Using Confidence Intervals to Guide Decisions	428	(14)
Key Terms	432	(1)
Exercises	433	(9)
Estimating Means with Confidence	442	(52)
Introduction to Confidence Intervals for Means	444	(8)
CI Module 3: Confidence Interval for One Population Mean	452	(9)
CI Module 4: Confidence Interval for the Population Mean of Paired Differences	461	(5)
CI Module 5: Confidence Interval for the Difference in Two Population Means	466	(12)
Understanding Any Confidence Interval	478	(2)
Skillbuilder Applet: The Confidence Level in Action	480	(14)
Key Terms	483	(1)
Exercises	484	(10)
Testing Hypotheses About Proportions	494	(56)
Introduction	495	(1)
HT Module 0: An Overview of Hypothesis Testing	496	(15)
HT Module 1: Testing Hypotheses About a Population Proportion	511	(16)
HT Module 2: Testing Hypotheses About the Difference in Two Population Proportions	527	(6)
Sample Size, Statistical Significance, and Practical Importance	533	(17)
Key Terms	538	(1)
Exercises	538	(12)
Testing Hypotheses About Means	550	(48)
Introduction to Hypothesis Tests for Means	551	(2)
HT Module 3: Testing Hypotheses about One Population Mean	553	(8)
HT Module 4: Testing Hypotheses about the Population Mean of Paired Differences	561	(4)
HT Module 5: Testing Hypotheses about the Difference in Two Population Means	565	(9)
The Relationship Between Significance Tests and Confidence Intervals	574	(2)
Choosing an Appropriate Inference Procedure	576	(4)
Effect Size	580	(5)
Evaluating Significance in Research Reports	585	(13)
Key Terms	587	(1)
Exercises	588	(10)
Inference About Simple Regression	598	(36)
Sample and Population Regression Models	600	(5)
Estimating the Standard Deviation for Regression	605	(4)
Inference About the Slope of a Linear Regression	609	(4)
Predicting y and Estimating Mean y at a Specific x	613	(6)
Checking Conditions for Using Regression Models for Inference	619	(15)
Key Terms	625	(1)
Exercises	626	(8)
More About Inference for Categorical Variables	634	(34)
The Chi-Square Test for Two-Way Tables	635	(11)
Analyzing 2 X 2 Tables	646	(6)
Testing Hypotheses About One Categorical Variable: Goodness-of-Fit	652	(16)
Key Terms	658	(1)
Exercises	658	(10)
Analysis of Variance	668
Comparing Means with an ANOVA F-Test	669	(10)
Details of One-Way Analysis of Variance	679	(6)
Other Methods for Comparing Populations	685	(4)
Two-Way Analysis of Variance	689
Key Terms	693	(1)
Exercises	693
Turning Information Into Wisdom	70	(655)
Beyond the Data	705	(4)
Transforming Uncertainty Into Wisdom	709	(1)
Making Personal Decisions	709	(4)
Control of Societal Risks	713	(2)
Understanding Our World	715	(3)
Getting to Know You	718	(1)
Words to the Wise	719	(6)
Exercises	721	(4)
Appendix of Tables	725	(8)
References	733	(5)
Answers to Selected Exercises	738	(13)
Credits	751	(2)
Index	753