Miniemulsion Polymerization Technology

by Mittal, Vikas

• ISBN13: 9780470625965
• ISBN10: 0470625961
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2014-12-31
• Publisher: Wiley-Scrivener

Summary

Miniemulsion Polymeriziation Technology comprises 10 papers by many of the world's experts on the subject. It summarizes the recent advances in miniemulsion polymerization technology including the advances on the selection of surfactants and co-surfactants, the expansion of miniemulsion technology in various polymers and co-polymer systems, and the use of miniemulsion polymerization for the synthesis of advanced polymer particle morphologies.There have been a large number of texts on emulsion and other forms of polymerization methods, but miniemulsion polymerization, though it provides unique routes for polymer particle synthesis, has been neglected.

Author Biography

Vikas Mittal is a Polymer Engineer at BASF Polymer Research in Ludwigshafen, Germany. He obtained his Ph.D. in 2006 in Polymer and Materials Engineering from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland. He then worked as a materials scientist in the Active and Intelligent Coatings section of Sun Chemical in London, UK. His research interests include polymer nanocomposites, novel filler surface modifications, thermal stability enhancements, and polymer latexes with functionalized surfaces. He has authored more than 30 scientific publications, book chapters and patents.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xiii
Miniemulsion Polymerization: An Overview	p. 1
Introduction to Polymerization Techniques	p. 2
Emulsion and Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 3
Properties of Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 10
Controlled Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 19
References	p. 22
Multi-Functional Stabilizers in Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 25
Introduction	p. 25
Stability of Initial Monomer Droplets	p. 27
Stabilizers and Polymerization Processes	p. 30
Mass-Transfer Processes	p. 30
Reactive Stabilizers	p. 31
Conclusion	p. 39
References	p. 39
Structured Copolymer Particles by Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 43
Introduction	p. 43
Styrene-Dodecyl Methacrylate/Stearyl Methacrylate	p. 46
n-Butyl Methacrylate-Crosslinking Monomers	p. 49
Vinyl Acetate-Butyl Acrylate	p. 51
Butyl Acrylate-(2-Methacryloxy)ethyl) trimethyl Ammonium Chloride	p. 53
Butyl Acrylate-Methyl Methacrylate-Vinyl Acetate	p. 54
Styrene-Acrylic Acid or 2-Aminoethyl Methacrylate Hydrochloride (AEMH)	p. 55
Styrene-Butyl Acrylate	p. 57
Styrene-Butadiene Rubber	p. 57
Fluoroacrylate-Lauryl Methylacrylate-Methyl Methacrylate	p. 61
Polyurethane-Block-Polystyrene	p. 62
Alkyd-Acrylic	p. 63
Oil-Acrylate	p. 65
Urethane-Acrylic	p. 67
References	p. 68
Encapsulation of Inorganic Nanoparticles by Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 71
Introduction	p. 71
Miniemulsion Polymerization in the Presence of Inorganic Nanoparticles	p. 73
Hydrophobization of Inorganic Nanoparticles	p. 73
Dispersion of Hydrophobized Inorganic Nanoparticles in Monomer Phase	p. 75
Miniemulsification of the Lipophilic Dispersion in Water	p. 75
Polymerization of Droplets	p. 76
Encapsulation of Silica Nanoparticles	p. 76
Miniemulsion Polymerization with Hydrophilic Silica Nanoparticles	p. 77
Miniemulsion Polymerization with Surface-Modified Silica Nanoparticles	p. 78
Miniemulsion Polymerization with Locally Surface-Modified Silica Nanoparticles	p. 83
Encapsulation of Magnetite Nanoparticles	p. 85
Encapsulation of Magnetite by a Single Miniemulsion Polymerization Process	p. 86
Encapsulation of Magnetite by a Double Miniemulsion Polymerization Process	p. 89
Conclusions and Future Perspectives	p. 91
Acknowledgements	p. 92
References	p. 92
Polymeric Nanocapsules by Interfacial Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 97
Introduction	p. 97
Organic Nanocapsules by Interfacial Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 99
Thermodynamic Prediction for the Morphology of Organic Nanocapsules	p. 99
Particles Morphology of the System without Added NIPAM and DVB	p. 101
Particles Morphology of the System with DVB	p. 103
Particle Morphology of the System with Added NIPAM and DVB	p. 105
Particle Size and Size Distribution in the Process of Polymerization	p. 109
Mechanism for the Formation of Organic Nanocapsules through Interfacial Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 112
Influences on the Formation of Organic Nanocapsules through Interfacial Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 113
Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanocapsules by Interfacial Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 117
Thermodynamic Analysis and Morphological Prediction	p. 117
Synthesis of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanocapsules under Neutral Conditions	p. 119
Synthesis of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanocapsules under Acidic or Basic Conditions	p. 124
Mechanism Analysis of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanocapsules Formation	p. 134
Conclusions	p. 136
References	p. 137
Miniemulsion Polymerization of Vegetable Oil Macromonomers	p. 139
Introduction and Background	p. 139
Emulsion Polymerization of Alkyds and Vegetable Oils	p. 143
(Meth)acrylated Vegetable Oil Derivatives	p. 145
Vegetable Oil Macromonomers	p. 146
The Potential for Emulsion Polymerization of Model Saturated Monomers	p. 150
Nucleation Mechanisms	p. 152
Design of Thermosetting Latex Polymers	p. 154
Classifying Monomer Solubility for Macro and Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 158
Soybean Acrylated Monomer Synthesis	p. 160
Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 160
Conclusions	p. 168
References	p. 169
Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization in Aqueous Miniemulsion	p. 173
Introduction	p. 174
Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization in Bulk/Solution: General Considerations	p. 174
CLRP Based on Reversible Termination	p. 175
Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP)	p. 176
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)	p. 177
CLRP Based on Degenerative Transfer	p. 178
Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT)	p. 179
Iodine Transfer Polymerization (ITP)	p. 180
Nitroxide-Mediated Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 182
Oil-Soluble Bicomponent Initiating System	p. 183
Water-Soluble Bicomponent Initiating System	p. 185
Oil-Soluble Monocomponent Initiating System	p. 186
Water-Soluble Monocomponent Initiating System	p. 188
Atom Transfer Radical Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 188
Direct ATRP	p. 190
Reverse ATRP	p. 190
Simultaneous Reverse and Normal Initiation (SR&NI) ATRP	p. 192
Activators Generated by Electron Transfer (AGET) ATRP	p. 192
Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 193
Key-Steps for the Success of RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 194
Inhibition and Retardation	p. 194
Colloidal Instability	p. 196
Livingness and Controlled Polymerization	p. 198
RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate	p. 199
Nanocapsules Synthesized by RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 200
Iodine Transfer Polymerization in Miniemulsion	p. 201
Conclusion	p. 202
References	p. 203
Inverse Miniemulsion Polymerization of Unsaturated Monomers	p. 211
Introduction	p. 211
General	p. 215
Kinetic Studies	p. 218
Traditional and Nonconventional Inverse Latexes	p. 221
Water Soluble Monomers	p. 221
Hydrophobic Monomers	p. 230
Controlled Radical Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 232
Amphiphilic and Associating Copolymers	p. 237
Conclusion	p. 240
Acknowledgements	p. 244
Abbreviations	p. 244
References	p. 246
Double Miniemulsion Preparation for Hybrid Latexes	p. 251
Introduction	p. 252
Hybrids via Mini-Emulsion Polymerization	p. 253
Double-Miniemulsion Formation	p. 255
Stability	p. 255
Characterization	p. 257
Applications	p. 261
Effects of Reaction Conditions	p. 266
Initiator Dosage	p. 266
MMA Monomer Concentration	p. 267
Rheological Properties of Magnetic Emulsion	p. 268
Viscosity Versus Time	p. 268
Viscosity with/without Magnetic Field	p. 269
Applications of Magnetic Polymer Microspheres	p. 270
Summary	p. 271
Acknowledgments	p. 272
References	p. 272
Surfactant Effect in Miniemulsion Polymerization for Biodegradable Latexes	p. 277
Introduction	p. 277
Miniemulsion Polymerization of Biodegradable Latexes	p. 278
Mechanisms of Surfactant Protection of Colloidal Dispersions	p. 282
General Behavior of a Surfactant Molecule at the Interface	p. 282
Mechanism 1: Lowering the Interfacial Tension	p. 284
Mechanism 2: Electrostatic Stabilization	p. 286
Mechanism 3: Steric Stabilization	p. 288
Effect of Surfactants on Miniemulsion Polymerization	p. 291
Effect of Surfactant Type on the Particle Size and Latex Yield	p. 291
Effect of Surfactant Concentration on Particle Size and Latex Yield	p. 294
Effect of Surfactant on the Stability	p. 297
Final Remarks	p. 298
References	p. 299
Index	p. 303
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