Minority Rights in America

by Axelrod, Alan

• ISBN13: 9781568026855
• ISBN10: 1568026854
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Cq Pr

Summary

Ever since the Dominican missionary BartolomT de Las Casas (1476-1566) first raised civil and minority rights issues in an American context, they have figured prominently among some of the most profound and trying moments in American history.''''Minority Rights in America consists of approximately 600 engagingly written alphabetically arranged entries on civil rights, political rights, and social rights in America since the days of Christopher Columbus. The rights of all Americans are included, with particular attention to African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, women, and other minority groups. Many of the entries include suggested readings to facilitate additional research and understanding. ''''Entries include: ''''Biographical sketches of important historical figures who participated in the struggle to advance minority rights''Important topics, organizations, and critical events''Supreme Court cases, federal laws, and governmental agencies.''''Rounding out this comprehensive reference are three useful appendixes and a consolidated bibliography. Appendixes include:''''Excerpts of more than seventy-five important documents organized logically in six parts: historic documents, historic speeches and writings, historic legislation, Supreme Court decisions, rights activism documents, and documents from U.S. government agencies''Contact information for more than sixty associations and civil rights organizations''A list, with full citations, of the court cases mentioned in the volume. ''''''''Sample of encyclopedic entries:''Jane Addams, Affirmative action, AIDS and rights, Antisemitism, Ross Barnett, Bonus Army, Chicano studies, Shirley Chisholm, Clayton Act, Congress of Racial, Equality (CORE), Conscientious objectors, Crazy Horse, Defense of Marriage Act, Employment at will, Medgar Evers, Farm labor rights, Orval Faubus , Gerrymandering, Gray Panthers, Angelina Grimke, Haymarket Riot, J. Edgar Hoover, Langston Hughes, Indian Citizenship Act, Japanese internment, Jim Crow laws, BartolomÄ de Las Casas, Loving v. Virginia, Megan's Law, Million Man March, Ralph Nader, National Immigration, William Penn, Puritan Separatist, Rap music, Right to die, Margaret Sanger, Smokers' rights, Southern Governors, Association Trail of Tears, Voting Rights Act of 1965, Harold Washington, Youth Law Center, John Peter Zenger.''

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xv
Abernathy, Ralph David	p. 1
Abolition Movement	p. 1
Abortion and Abortion Rights	p. 3
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena	p. 4
Addams, Jane	p. 5
"Address to a Meeting in New York" (Malcolm X)	p. 6
Adoption Promotion and Stability Act	p. 6
Affirmative Action	p. 6
African American Civil Rights Movement	p. 7
African Americans	p. 8
Age Discrimination	p. 13
Age Discrimination Act of 1975	p. 13
Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967	p. 13
AIDS	p. 13
Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights	p. 14
Albany Movement	p. 14
Alexander v. Holmes County	p. 16
Algebra Project	p. 16
Alianza Hispano-Americana	p. 16
Alien Land Law of 1913	p. 17
Alien Land Law of 1920	p. 17
Alien and Sedition Acts	p. 17
Ali, Muhammad	p. 18
American-Arab Discrimination Committee	p. 19
American Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb	p. 20
American Civil Liberties Union	p. 20
American Coordinating Council of Political Education	p. 21
American Council of the Blind	p. 21
American Council of Spanish-Speaking People	p. 22
American Federation of Labor	p. 22
American Foundation for the Blind	p. 23
American GI Forum of the United States	p. 23
American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978	p. 24
"American Promise, The" (Lyndon B. Johnson's "Special Message to the Congress, 1965")	p. 24
American Protective League	p. 24
Americans for Democratic Action	p. 24
Americans with Disabilities Act	p. 25
Americans United for the Separation of Church and State	p. 25
Amistad Mutiny	p. 25
Amnesty International	p. 26
Amsterdam News	p. 27
Anderson, Marian	p. 27
Angelou, Maya	p. 28
Anthony, Susan B.	p. 28
Anti-Defamation League	p. 30
Anti-Saloon League	p. 30
Arrests, Laws Governing	p. 30
Articles of Confederation	p. 31
Aryan Nations	p. 31
Asian-American Legal Defense and Education Fund	p. 32
Asian Law Caucus	p. 33
Asiatic Exclusion League	p. 33
Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps	p. 33
Association on American Indian Affairs	p. 34
"Atlanta Compromise" Speech (Booker T. Washington)	p. 34
Attainder	p. 34
Attica Prison Riot	p. 35
Attucks, Crispus	p. 35
Baker v. Carr	p. 36
Baker, Ella Jo	p. 36
Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies	p. 37
Barnett, Ross	p. 37
Barron v. Baltimore	p. 37
Barton, Clara	p. 37
Beckwith, Byron de la	p. 38
Bethune, Mary McLeod	p. 38
Bill of Rights	p. 38
Birmingham Church Bombing	p. 39
Birmingham SCLC Protests	p. 39
Birth Control	p. 40
Birth of a Nation, The	p. 41
Black Codes	p. 41
Black, Hugo L.	p. 42
Black Legend	p. 42
Black Legionnaires	p. 42
Blackmun, Harry A.	p. 43
Black Muslims	p. 43
Black Panther Party for Self-Defense	p. 43
Black Power Movement	p. 44
Bloody Sunday	p. 44
B'nai B'rith	p. 45
Bolling v. Sharpe	p. 45
Bond, Julian	p. 46
Bonus Army	p. 47
Bork, Robert H.	p. 47
Brandeis, Louis Dembitz	p. 48
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters	p. 48
Brown II	p. 49
Brown Berets	p. 49
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas	p. 49
Brown, John	p. 50
Bunche, Ralph	p. 51
Burger, Warren	p. 52
Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth	p. 52
Busing, School	p. 52
Calhoun, John C.	p. 54
Capital Punishment	p. 55
Carmichael, Stokely	p. 55
Carter, Jimmy	p. 56
Catholic Bishops' Committee for the Spanish-Speaking	p. 57
Catholic Worker Movement	p. 57
Census, U.S.	p. 57
Center for Civil and Human Rights	p. 58
Center for Law and Social Policy	p. 58
Center for Women's Policy Studies	p. 59
Chaney, James Earl	p. 59
Chavez, Cesar	p. 60
Chicago Daily Defender	p. 60
Chicano Studies	p. 61
Child Abuse	p. 61
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act	p. 62
Child Welfare League of America	p. 62
Children's Defense Fund	p. 62
Children's Rights	p. 62
Chinese for Affirmative Action	p. 63
Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act	p. 63
Chinese Exclusion Treaty and Act	p. 63
Chisholm, Shirley	p. 64
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints	p. 64
Church Women United	p. 64
Citadel Case	p. 64
Citizen's Commission on Civil Rights	p. 65
City of Richmond v. J. R. Croson Co.	p. 65
Civil Disobedience	p. 65
Civil Rights Act of 1866	p. 66
Civil Rights Act of 1875	p. 66
Civil Rights Act of 1957	p. 66
Civil Rights Act of 1964	p. 66
Civil Rights Act of 1990, Veto of	p. 66
Civil Rights Act of 1991	p. 67
"Civil Rights, Address on" (John F. Kennedy)	p. 67
Civil Rights Commission	p. 67
Civil Rights Division, U.S. Department of Justice	p. 67
Civil Unions	p. 68
Clayton Act	p. 68
Cleaver, Eldridge	p. 68
Clinton, Bill	p. 69
Coca-Cola Company, Class Action Suit Against	p. 70
COINTELPRO	p. 70
Collective Bargaining	p. 71
Color Line	p. 71
Columbus Board of Education v. Penick	p. 71
Commission on the Status of Women	p. 71
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women	p. 72
Common Law	p. 72
Community Reinvestment Act	p. 72
Comprehensive Employment and Training Act	p. 72
Compromise of 1850	p. 73
Compromise of 1877	p. 73
Comstock, Anthony	p. 74
Confessions, Law Governing	p. 74
Confiscation Acts	p. 75
Congress of Racial Equality	p. 75
Connor, T. Eugene "Bull"	p. 76
Conscientious Objectors	p. 76
Contempt	p. 76
Contempt of Congress	p. 77
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women	p. 77
Corporal Punishment	p. 77
Council of Federated Organizations	p. 78
Coxey, Jacob	p. 78
Crazy Horse	p. 78
Crisis, The	p. 79
Cruel and Unusual Punishment	p. 79
Cuban Refugees	p. 80
Custer, George Armstrong	p. 81
Daley, Richard J.	p. 82
Darrow, Clarence	p. 82
Dawes Severalty Act	p. 83
Day, Dorothy	p. 84
Debs, Eugene V.	p. 84
Declaration of Independence	p. 85
Defense of Marriage Act	p. 85
Department of Health and Human Services, U.S.	p. 86
Department of Housing and Urban Development, U.S.	p. 86
Department of the Interior, U.S.	p. 86
Department of Justice, U.S.	p. 86
Department of Labor, U.S.	p. 87
Desegregation	p. 88
Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund	p. 88
Dix, Dorothea	p. 88
Domestic Violence	p. 88
"Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Policy	p. 89
Douglas, William O.	p. 89
Draft Laws	p. 90
Dred Scott Decision	p. 90
Drug Testing	p. 91
Du Bois, W.E.B.	p. 91
Due Process	p. 92
Ebonics	p. 93
Education Law Center	p. 93
Education Rights	p. 94
Eisenhower, Dwight D.	p. 95
Emancipation Proclamation	p. 96
English-only Legislation and Movements	p. 97
Equal Access Act	p. 98
Equal Credit Opportunity Act	p. 99
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, U.S.	p. 99
Equality League of Self-Supporting Women	p. 99
Equal Pay Act of 1963	p. 100
Equal Rights Amendment	p. 100
Espionage Act	p. 100
Euthanasia	p. 100
Evers, Medgar	p. 100
Exclusionary Zoning	p. 101
Ex parte Virginia	p. 101
Fair Employment Practices Committee	p. 102
Fair Housing Act	p. 102
Fair Labor Standards Act	p. 102
Fairness Doctrine	p. 103
Family and Medical Leave Act	p. 103
Farmer, James	p. 104
Farm Labor Rights	p. 104
Farrakhan, Louis	p. 104
Faubus, Orval E.	p. 105
Federal Bureau of Investigation	p. 105
Federalist Papers, The	p. 106
Fifteenth Amendment	p. 106
Fifth Amendment	p. 107
First Amendment Foundation	p. 107
Flag Laws	p. 107
Ford, Gerald R.	p. 107
Ford Motor Company, Class Action Suit Against	p. 108
Fortas, Abe	p. 109
Fourteenth Amendment	p. 109
Frankfurter, Felix	p. 109
Freedmen's Bureau	p. 110
Freedom House	p. 110
Freedom of Information Act	p. 110
Freedom Rides	p. 111
Freedom Summer	p. 111
Free Speech	p. 112
Friedan, Betty	p. 112
Fugitive Slave Act (1793)	p. 113
Fugitive Slave Law	p. 113
Gallaudet, Thomas	p. 114
Gandhi, Mohandas	p. 114
Garrison, William Lloyd	p. 116
Garvey, Marcus	p. 116
Gay Rights	p. 117
Gay Rights and the Military	p. 119
Gender Bias and Discrimination	p. 119
Gentleman's Agreement	p. 120
Gerrymandering	p. 120
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins	p. 121
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader	p. 121
Glass Ceiling Commission	p. 122
Gompers, Samuel	p. 122
Goodman, Andrew	p. 122
Grandfather Clause	p. 123
Gray Panthers	p. 123
Great Migration, The	p. 123
Great Society	p. 123
Greensboro Sit-in	p. 124
Gregory, Dick	p. 124
Griggs v. Duke Power Co.	p. 125
Grimke, Sarah and Angelina	p. 125
Habeas Corpus	p. 126
Hamer, Fannie Lou	p. 126
Hampton, Fred	p. 127
Harlem Renaissance	p. 127
Harvard Project on School Desegregation	p. 127
Hate Speech	p. 128
Haymarket Riot	p. 128
Helms, Jesse A.	p. 128
Hill, Joe	p. 129
Hispanic Americans	p. 129
Hispanic Civil Rights Movement	p. 131
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr.	p. 132
Home Mortgage Disclosure Act	p. 133
Homeschooling	p. 133
Homestead Act of 1862	p. 133
Hoover, J. Edgar	p. 134
Hostile Work Environment	p. 134
House Un-American Activities Committee	p. 135
Housing Rights	p. 135
Howard, Oliver O.	p. 137
Hughes, Langston	p. 137
Hull House	p. 138
Human Rights Watch	p. 138
Hutchinson, Anne	p. 139
"I Have a Dream" Speech (Martin Luther King Jr.)	p. 141
Immigration Act of 1917	p. 141
Immigration Act of 1924	p. 141
Immigration Act of 1965	p. 141
Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1952	p. 142
Immigration Reform and Control Act	p. 142
Immigration Rights, Statutes, and Restrictions	p. 142
Indentured Servitude	p. 142
Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978	p. 142
Indian Citizenship Act	p. 142
Indian Civil Rights Act	p. 143
Indian Country Crimes Act	p. 143
Indian Freedom of Religion Act	p. 143
Indian Major Crimes Act	p. 143
Indian Removal Act of 1830	p. 143
Indian Reorganization Act	p. 144
Indian Resource Law Center	p. 144
Indian Self-Determination Act	p. 144
Indian Trade and Intercourse Acts	p. 144
Indian Wars	p. 145
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act	p. 146
Industrial Workers of the World	p. 147
Insular Cases	p. 147
Integration	p. 147
Interagency Council on the Homeless	p. 148
International Ladies Garment Workers Union	p. 148
Islam, Nation of	p. 148
Issei	p. 149
Jackson, Andrew	p. 150
Jackson, Jesse Louis	p. 151
Jackson, Mahalia	p. 152
Japanese American Evacuation Claims Act	p. 152
Japanese Exclusion League	p. 152
Japanese Internment	p. 152
Jefferson, Thomas	p. 154
Jehovah's Witnesses, Supreme Court Rulings Concerning	p. 155
Jim Crow Laws	p. 156
Job Corps	p. 157
Job Training Partnership Act	p. 157
Johnson, Lyndon B.	p. 158
Jones, Mary Harris ("Mother Jones")	p. 159
Journey of Reconciliation	p. 159
Kansas-Nebraska Act	p. 160
Keller, Helen	p. 160
Kennedy, John Fitzgerald	p. 161
Kennedy, Robert F.	p. 162
King, Martin Luther, Jr.	p. 163
King, Rodney, Case	p. 164
Know-Nothing Party	p. 164
Korean Exclusion League	p. 165
Ku Klux Klan	p. 165
Labor Rights	p. 167
La Follette, Robert M.	p. 167
Las Casas, Bartolome de	p. 168
Leadership Conference on Civil Rights	p. 169
League of Nations	p. 169
League of United Latin American Citizens	p. 169
Legal Services for Prisoners with Children	p. 170
"Letter from Birmingham Jail" (Martin Luther King Jr.)	p. 170
Lewisburg Prison Project	p. 170
Lewis, John	p. 171
Lincoln, Abraham	p. 171
Literacy Tests for Voting	p. 172
Little Rock School Crisis	p. 173
Local 93 International Association of Firefighters AFL-CIO v. Cleveland	p. 174
Los Angeles Race Riot	p. 174
Louis, Joe	p. 174
Loving v. Virginia	p. 175
Lynching	p. 175
Madison, James	p. 176
Magna Carta	p. 177
Malcolm X (El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz)	p. 177
Mandela, Nelson	p. 178
March Against Fear	p. 179
March on Washington	p. 179
Margold Report	p. 180
Marshall, Thurgood	p. 180
Martin Luther King Day	p. 181
Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Social Change	p. 181
Maryland Colony	p. 181
Massachusetts Body of Liberties	p. 182
Mattachine Society	p. 182
McCarthy, Joseph	p. 182
McKinley Homeless Assistance Act	p. 183
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents	p. 183
Medicaid and Medicare	p. 183
Meiklejohn Civil Liberties Institute	p. 184
Melting Pot Concept	p. 184
Mentally Ill, Rights of the	p. 184
Meredith, James Howard	p. 185
Meredith March	p. 186
Mexican-American Legal Defense and Education Fund	p. 186
Mexican War	p. 186
Mfume, Kweisi	p. 186
Migrant Labor	p. 186
Migrant Legal Action Program	p. 188
Military, Desegregation of the	p. 188
Million Man March	p. 188
Miranda v. Arizona	p. 189
Miscegenation Laws	p. 189
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party	p. 190
Mississippi, University of	p. 190
Missouri Compromise	p. 191
Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada	p. 192
Montgomery Bus Boycott	p. 192
Montgomery Improvement Association	p. 193
Morgan v. Virginia	p. 193
Mormon Church	p. 194
Moses, Robert Parris	p. 194
Mount Laurel Cases	p. 195
Nashville Student Movement	p. 196
National Abortion Rights Action League	p. 196
National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, Report of	p. 197
National Affordable Housing Act	p. 197
National American Woman Suffrage Association	p. 197
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People	p. 198
National Association of Colored Women	p. 198
National Center for Lesbian Rights	p. 199
National Center for Youth Law	p. 199
National Clearinghouse for the Defense of Battered Women	p. 199
National Congress of American Indians	p. 199
National Council of La Raza	p. 200
National Council of Senior Citizens	p. 200
National Farm Workers Association	p. 200
National Gay and Lesbian Task Force	p. 200
National Housing Law Project	p. 201
National Immigration Project	p. 201
National Lawyers Guild	p. 201
National Negro Conference	p. 202
National Organization for Women	p. 202
National Urban League	p. 202
National Woman's Party	p. 203
National Women's Law Center	p. 204
Nation of Islam	p. 204
Native American Church	p. 204
Native American Civil Rights Movement	p. 205
Native American Rights Fund	p. 206
Native Americans	p. 206
Nativism	p. 208
Naturalization Act of 1870	p. 208
Natural Rights	p. 208
Newton, Huey P.	p. 209
New York Association for Improving the Conditions of the Poor	p. 209
New York Children's Aid Society	p. 210
Niagara Movement	p. 210
Nisei	p. 210
Nixon, Richard M.	p. 210
Nonviolence Doctrine	p. 212
NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund	p. 213
Occupational Safety and Health Act	p. 214
O'Connor, Sandra Day	p. 214
Office for Civil Rights	p. 215
Office of Federal Contract Compliance Program	p. 215
Open Housing Act	p. 215
Owens, Jesse	p. 215
Paine, Thomas	p. 217
Palmer Raids	p. 218
Parks, Rosa	p. 218
Passive Resistance	p. 219
Pennsylvania Colony	p. 219
Penn, William	p. 219
Philadelphia Plan	p. 220
"Philadelphia Plan, Remarks on the" (Arthur Fletcher)	p. 221
Planned Parenthood Federation of America	p. 221
Plessy v. Ferguson	p. 221
Police Brutality	p. 222
Political Asylum	p. 222
Poll Taxes	p. 222
Poor People's Campaign	p. 223
Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr.	p. 223
Prisoners' Rights	p. 224
Privacy Rights	p. 225
Probable Cause	p. 226
Proposition 187	p. 226
Proposition 209	p. 227
Public and Indian Housing Program	p. 227
Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund	p. 227
Quakers	p. 228
Quotas, Immigration	p. 228
Quotas, Racial	p. 228
Race Riots	p. 229
Racial Profiling	p. 229
Racism	p. 230
Radical Republicans	p. 230
Randolph, A. Philip	p. 230
Rap Music	p. 231
Ray, James Earl	p. 231
Reagan, Ronald W.	p. 232
Reasonable Doubt	p. 233
Reconstruction	p. 234
Reeb, James	p. 235
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke	p. 235
Rehnquist, William H.	p. 235
Religion, Freedom of	p. 236
Reparations Assessment Group	p. 237
Reservations, Indian	p. 237
Reverse Discrimination	p. 238
Rhode Island Colony	p. 238
Richardson, Gloria St. Clair Hayes	p. 239
Right to Die	p. 239
Right-to-Life Movement	p. 240
Robinson, Jackie	p. 240
Roe v. Wade	p. 241
Roosevelt, Eleanor	p. 241
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano	p. 242
Rustin, Bayard	p. 244
Sacco and Venzetti Case	p. 245
Salem Witch Trials	p. 246
Sanger, Margaret	p. 246
Savio, Mario	p. 247
Schlafly, Phyllis	p. 247
Schneiderman, Rose	p. 248
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture	p. 248
School Prayer	p. 248
Schwerner, Michael	p. 248
Scottsboro Boys	p. 249
Seale, Bobby	p. 249
"Segregation Today, Segregation Forever" Speech (George C. Wallace)	p. 250
Selective Service System	p. 250
Selma (Alabama) SNCC-SCLC Demonstration	p. 250
Seneca Falls Conference	p. 251
"Separate but Equal" Doctrine	p. 251
Seton, Elizabeth Ann	p. 252
Sexism	p. 252
Sexual Harassment	p. 252
Shaw v. Reno	p. 253
Shelley v. Kraemer	p. 253
Siege at Wounded Knee	p. 253
Simpson, O. J.	p. 254
Sit-ins	p. 254
Sitting Bull	p. 255
Sixth Amendment	p. 255
Slaughterhouse Cases	p. 256
Slavery	p. 256
Social Darwinism	p. 258
Southern Christian Leadership Conference	p. 258
Southern Manifesto, The	p. 258
Southern Negro Youth Congress	p. 259
Sovereign Immunity	p. 259
Speech, Freedom of	p. 259
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady	p. 259
States' Rights	p. 260
Stereotypes, Ethnic and Racial	p. 260
Stonewall Protest	p. 261
Stowe, Harriet Beecher	p. 261
Strauder v. West Virginia	p. 262
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee	p. 262
Students for a Democratic Society	p. 263
Suicide, Assisted	p. 264
Supreme Court	p. 264
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education	p. 264
Sweatt v. Painter	p. 264
Tailhook Scandal	p. 266
Tarbell, Ida	p. 266
Tenement House Law of 1867	p. 267
Test Case	p. 267
Thirteenth Amendment	p. 267
Thomas, Clarence	p. 267
Thoreau, Henry David	p. 268
Three-Fifths Compromise	p. 269
Thurmond, James Strom	p. 269
Till, Emmett	p. 270
To Secure These Rights	p. 270
Trail of Tears	p. 270
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire	p. 271
Truman, Harry S.	p. 271
Truth, Sojourner	p. 273
Tubman, Harriet	p. 273
Tuskegee Airmen	p. 274
Tuskegee Institute	p. 274
Uncle Tom	p. 276
Underground Railroad	p. 276
United Farm Workers	p. 277
United Nations	p. 277
United States v. Cruikshank	p. 278
United States v. Kagama	p. 278
United States-Mexican War	p. 278
Universal Declaration of Human Rights	p. 280
Universal Negro Improvement Association	p. 280
University of California v. Bakke	p. 280
Urban Institute	p. 281
Urban Renewal	p. 281
Veterans' Rights	p. 282
Victims' Rights Legislation	p. 282
Vietnam War Protest Movement	p. 283
Violence Against Women Act of 1998	p. 285
Voter Registration Drives	p. 285
Voting Rights Act of 1965	p. 285
Voucher Plans	p. 286
Wald, Lillian D.	p. 287
Wallace, George C.	p. 287
Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Antonio	p. 288
War on Poverty	p. 289
Warren, Earl	p. 289
Washington, Booker T.	p. 290
Washington, D.C., Voting Rights in	p. 290
Washington, George	p. 291
Watts (Los Angeles) Race Riot	p. 292
Welfare State	p. 292
"We Shall Overcome"	p. 293
Wheeler-Howard Indian Reorganization Act	p. 293
White Supremacy Movements	p. 293
Wilkins, Roy O.	p. 294
Williams, Roger	p. 295
Women's Civil Rights Movement	p. 295
Women's Law Project	p. 298
Women's Liberation Movement	p. 298
Women's Rights	p. 298
Women's Suffrage Movement	p. 299
Woolworth Lunch Counter Sit-in	p. 299
Young Negroes Cooperative League	p. 300
Young, Whitney Moore, Jr.	p. 300
Youth Law Center	p. 300
Zellner, Robert	p. 302
Zenger Case	p. 302
Documents	p. 305
Court Cases Mentioned	p. 377
Contact Information for Agencies and Organizations Involved in Minority Rights	p. 379
Bibliography	p. 385
Index	p. 399
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