Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry

by Vayenas, Constantinos; White, Ralph E.; Gamboa-Aldeco, Maria E.

• ISBN13: 9780387461076
• ISBN10: 0387461078
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-06-15
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Volume 41 of the prominent series Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry covers a range of topics in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering. The topics include the second chapter on the survey of solid state electrochemistry begun by Professor Joachim Maier in Number 38. While the first part dealt with fundamenals of solid state electochemistry, this chapter deals with techniques and devices. Chapter two contains a review of synthesis and characterization of nanoporous carbons and their electrochemical applications by Professors Gyoung-Ja Lee and Su-Il Pyun while in the next chapter Professor Joseph D. Fehribach reviews and discusses the use of graphs in the study of chemical reaction network. Professors Keith Scott and Sun Yan-Ping review and discuss mathematical models of three dimensional electrode structures in chapter four.

Table of Contents

Solid State Electrochemistry II: Devices and Techniques
Introduction	p. 1
Electrochemical Devices and Applications	p. 6
Electrochemical (Composition) Sensors	p. 7
Bulk Conductivity Sensor (Mode 1)	p. 10
Surface Conductivity Sensors (Mode 2)	p. 11
Galvanic Sensors (Mode 3)	p. 14
Extension to Acid-Base Active Gases	p. 18
Electrochemical (Composition) Actors	p. 23
Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Devices	p. 29
Fuel Cells	p. 30
Batteries	p. 58
Other Storage Devices: Supercapacitors and Photobatteries	p. 68
Electrochemical Techniques	p. 74
Determination of Bulk Parameters	p. 76
Determination of Boundary Parameters	p. 77
Electrochemical Polarization-The Effect of Selectively Blocking Electrodes	p. 81
Heuristic Considerations	p. 81
The Steady-State Response: The Evaluation of Partial Conductivities	p. 88
The Instationary Behavior: The Evaluation of the Chemical Diffusion Coefficient	p. 94
Chemically Imposed Gradients	p. 97
Chemical Polarization and Concentration Cell Experiment	p. 97
Oxygen Permeation	p. 100
Zero-Driving Force Method	p. 100
Chemical Relaxation	p. 101
Coulometric Titration	p. 104
Thermodynamic Data from Electrochemical Cells Involving Solid Electrolytes	p. 106
Modifications in the Evaluation of Electrochemical Measurements Due to Internal Defect Reactions	p. 109
Dynamic Interactions	p. 112
Transport in Inhomogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Composite Systems	p. 114
Related Techniques	p. 120
Conclusions	p. 120
Acknowledgment	p. 121
Appendix 1-Terminal Potential Difference	p. 121
Appendix 2-Electrochemical Polarization	p. 122
Appendix 3-Chemical Polarization and Relaxation	p. 124
Appendix 4-Electrolytic Domain Boundaries	p. 125
Appendix 5-Coulometric Titration	p. 126
Appendix 6-Point Electrode Resistance	p. 127
Symbols	p. 127
References	p. 128
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous Carbon and Its Electrochemical Application to Electrode Material for Supercapacitors
Introduction	p. 139
Preparation of Porous Carbons	p. 141
Activation Method	p. 141
Templating Method	p. 143
Structural Characteristics of Porous Carbons	p. 145
Types of Adsorption Isotherms and Hysteresis Loops	p. 145
Determinations of Surface Area and Pore Size Distribution	p. 150
Fractal Characteristics of Porous Carbons	p. 154
Molecular Probe Method Using Gas Adsorption	p. 155
Image Analysis Method	p. 162
Electrochemical Characteristics of Carbon-Based Porous Electrodes For Supercapacitor: The Uses of AC-Impedance Spectroscopy, Current Transient and Cyclic Voltammetry	p. 166
General Theory of Electrochemical Behavior of Porous Electrodes	p. 166
Effect of Geometric Heterogeneity on Ion Penetration into the Pores during Double-Layer Charging/Discharging	p. 169
Effect of Surface Inhomogeneity on Ion Penetration into the Pores during Double-Layer Charging/Discharging	p. 175
Concluding Remark	p. 183
Acknowledgements	p. 185
Notation	p. 186
References	p. 190
The Use of Graphs in the Study of Electrochemical Reaction Networks
Introduction	p. 197
Reaction Species Graphs	p. 200
Kinetic Graphs	p. 201
Bipartite Graphs	p. 203
Reaction Mechanism Graphs	p. 205
MCFC Cathodic Reactions	p. 206
Peroxide Mechanism	p. 206
Superoxide-Peroxide Mechanism	p. 208
HER Reactions	p. 209
Reaction Route Graphs	p. 211
MCFC Cathodic Reactions	p. 212
HER Reactions	p. 213
Discussion: Other Reaction Graphs	p. 217
Acknowledgments	p. 218
References	p. 218
Approximate Analytical Solutions for Models of Three-Dimensional Electrodes By Adomian's Decomposition Method
Introduction	p. 222
Adomian's Decomposition Method (ADM)	p. 223
Example of Applications to Catalytic reactions	p. 226
Model Solution	p. 229
Catalyst Slab	p. 229
Spherical Catalyst Pellet	p. 232
Concentration Profiles and Effectiveness	p. 234
Concentration Profiles	p. 234
Effectiveness	p. 235
Application to the Influence of Mass Transport in Electrocatalysts	p. 239
Internal Diffusion and Film Mass Transport	p. 244
Agglomerate Model of Electrocatalysis	p. 248
Application to Models For Three-Dimentional Electrodes	p. 251
The General Form of Model of Three-Dimension Electrodes	p. 251
Porous Electrode Reactor	p. 252
Packed-Bed Electrode Reactor	p. 260
Simplification of Packed-Bed Electrode with a Low Conversion	p. 271
Examples of Packed-Bed Electrodes applications	p. 275
Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrobenzene in a Packed-Bed Electrode Reactor	p. 275
Direct Electrochemical Oxidation of Propylene in a Sparged Packed-Bed Electrode Reactor	p. 282
Two-Dimensional Model of Packed-Bed Electrodes	p. 287
Conclusions	p. 292
Acknowledgement	p. 293
Symbols	p. 293
ADM's Nomenclature	p. 293
Nomenclatures in this Paper	p. 293
ADM Mathematica Codes	p. 296
ADM to Solve One ODE	p. 296
ADM to Solve the Coupled ODE's	p. 299
References	p. 303
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