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Solid State Electrochemistry II: Devices and Techniques | |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Electrochemical Devices and Applications | p. 6 |
Electrochemical (Composition) Sensors | p. 7 |
Bulk Conductivity Sensor (Mode 1) | p. 10 |
Surface Conductivity Sensors (Mode 2) | p. 11 |
Galvanic Sensors (Mode 3) | p. 14 |
Extension to Acid-Base Active Gases | p. 18 |
Electrochemical (Composition) Actors | p. 23 |
Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Devices | p. 29 |
Fuel Cells | p. 30 |
Batteries | p. 58 |
Other Storage Devices: Supercapacitors and Photobatteries | p. 68 |
Electrochemical Techniques | p. 74 |
Determination of Bulk Parameters | p. 76 |
Determination of Boundary Parameters | p. 77 |
Electrochemical Polarization-The Effect of Selectively Blocking Electrodes | p. 81 |
Heuristic Considerations | p. 81 |
The Steady-State Response: The Evaluation of Partial Conductivities | p. 88 |
The Instationary Behavior: The Evaluation of the Chemical Diffusion Coefficient | p. 94 |
Chemically Imposed Gradients | p. 97 |
Chemical Polarization and Concentration Cell Experiment | p. 97 |
Oxygen Permeation | p. 100 |
Zero-Driving Force Method | p. 100 |
Chemical Relaxation | p. 101 |
Coulometric Titration | p. 104 |
Thermodynamic Data from Electrochemical Cells Involving Solid Electrolytes | p. 106 |
Modifications in the Evaluation of Electrochemical Measurements Due to Internal Defect Reactions | p. 109 |
Dynamic Interactions | p. 112 |
Transport in Inhomogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Composite Systems | p. 114 |
Related Techniques | p. 120 |
Conclusions | p. 120 |
Acknowledgment | p. 121 |
Appendix 1-Terminal Potential Difference | p. 121 |
Appendix 2-Electrochemical Polarization | p. 122 |
Appendix 3-Chemical Polarization and Relaxation | p. 124 |
Appendix 4-Electrolytic Domain Boundaries | p. 125 |
Appendix 5-Coulometric Titration | p. 126 |
Appendix 6-Point Electrode Resistance | p. 127 |
Symbols | p. 127 |
References | p. 128 |
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous Carbon and Its Electrochemical Application to Electrode Material for Supercapacitors | |
Introduction | p. 139 |
Preparation of Porous Carbons | p. 141 |
Activation Method | p. 141 |
Templating Method | p. 143 |
Structural Characteristics of Porous Carbons | p. 145 |
Types of Adsorption Isotherms and Hysteresis Loops | p. 145 |
Determinations of Surface Area and Pore Size Distribution | p. 150 |
Fractal Characteristics of Porous Carbons | p. 154 |
Molecular Probe Method Using Gas Adsorption | p. 155 |
Image Analysis Method | p. 162 |
Electrochemical Characteristics of Carbon-Based Porous Electrodes For Supercapacitor: The Uses of AC-Impedance Spectroscopy, Current Transient and Cyclic Voltammetry | p. 166 |
General Theory of Electrochemical Behavior of Porous Electrodes | p. 166 |
Effect of Geometric Heterogeneity on Ion Penetration into the Pores during Double-Layer Charging/Discharging | p. 169 |
Effect of Surface Inhomogeneity on Ion Penetration into the Pores during Double-Layer Charging/Discharging | p. 175 |
Concluding Remark | p. 183 |
Acknowledgements | p. 185 |
Notation | p. 186 |
References | p. 190 |
The Use of Graphs in the Study of Electrochemical Reaction Networks | |
Introduction | p. 197 |
Reaction Species Graphs | p. 200 |
Kinetic Graphs | p. 201 |
Bipartite Graphs | p. 203 |
Reaction Mechanism Graphs | p. 205 |
MCFC Cathodic Reactions | p. 206 |
Peroxide Mechanism | p. 206 |
Superoxide-Peroxide Mechanism | p. 208 |
HER Reactions | p. 209 |
Reaction Route Graphs | p. 211 |
MCFC Cathodic Reactions | p. 212 |
HER Reactions | p. 213 |
Discussion: Other Reaction Graphs | p. 217 |
Acknowledgments | p. 218 |
References | p. 218 |
Approximate Analytical Solutions for Models of Three-Dimensional Electrodes By Adomian's Decomposition Method | |
Introduction | p. 222 |
Adomian's Decomposition Method (ADM) | p. 223 |
Example of Applications to Catalytic reactions | p. 226 |
Model Solution | p. 229 |
Catalyst Slab | p. 229 |
Spherical Catalyst Pellet | p. 232 |
Concentration Profiles and Effectiveness | p. 234 |
Concentration Profiles | p. 234 |
Effectiveness | p. 235 |
Application to the Influence of Mass Transport in Electrocatalysts | p. 239 |
Internal Diffusion and Film Mass Transport | p. 244 |
Agglomerate Model of Electrocatalysis | p. 248 |
Application to Models For Three-Dimentional Electrodes | p. 251 |
The General Form of Model of Three-Dimension Electrodes | p. 251 |
Porous Electrode Reactor | p. 252 |
Packed-Bed Electrode Reactor | p. 260 |
Simplification of Packed-Bed Electrode with a Low Conversion | p. 271 |
Examples of Packed-Bed Electrodes applications | p. 275 |
Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrobenzene in a Packed-Bed Electrode Reactor | p. 275 |
Direct Electrochemical Oxidation of Propylene in a Sparged Packed-Bed Electrode Reactor | p. 282 |
Two-Dimensional Model of Packed-Bed Electrodes | p. 287 |
Conclusions | p. 292 |
Acknowledgement | p. 293 |
Symbols | p. 293 |
ADM's Nomenclature | p. 293 |
Nomenclatures in this Paper | p. 293 |
ADM Mathematica Codes | p. 296 |
ADM to Solve One ODE | p. 296 |
ADM to Solve the Coupled ODE's | p. 299 |
References | p. 303 |
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