Modern Biology

by Holt, Rinehart and Winston Staff

• ISBN13: 9780030651786
• ISBN10: 0030651786
• Edition: Student
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Harcourt School

Table of Contents

UNIT 1 Foundations of Biology	2	(64)
The Science of Life	4	(26)
The World of Biology	5	(5)
Themes in Biology	10	(3)
The Study of Biology	13	(8)
Tools and Techniques	21	(9)
Quick Lab: Observing Homeostasis	8	(7)
Quick Lab: Predicting Results	15	(12)
Standardized Test Preparation	27	(1)
Skills Practice Lab: Using SI Units	28	(2)
Chemistry of Life	30	(20)
Composition of Matter	31	(4)
Energy	35	(4)
Water and Solutions	39	(11)
Quick Lab: Modeling Ionic Bonds	37	(10)
Standardized Test Preparation	47	(1)
Inquiry Lab: Measuring the Activity of Enzyme Detergents	48	(2)
Biochemistry	50	(16)
Carbon Compounds	51	(4)
Molecules of Life	55	(11)
Quick Lab: Demonstrating Polarity	52	(11)
Standardized Test Preparation	63	(1)
Inquiry Lab: Identifying Organic Compounds in Foods	64	(2)
UNIT 2 Cell Biology	66	(104)
Cell Structure and Function	68	(28)
The History of Cell Biology	69	(3)
Introduction to Cells	72	(5)
Cell Organelles and Features	77	(10)
Unique Features of Plant Cells	87	(9)
Quick Lab: Comparing Surface Cells	73	(20)
Standardized Test Preparation	93	(1)
Exploration Lab: Comparing Animal and Plant Cells	94	(2)
Homeostasis and Cell Transport	96	(16)
Passive Transport	97	(6)
Active Transport	103	(9)
Quick Lab: Observing Diffusion	98	(11)
Standardized Test Preparation	109	(1)
Inquiry Lab: Analyzing the Effect of Cell Size on Diffusion	110	(2)
Photosynthesis	112	(18)
The Light Reactions	113	(7)
The Calvin Cycle	120	(10)
Quick Lab: Analyzing Photosynthesis	123	(4)
Standardized Test Preparation	127	(1)
Exploration Lab: Measuring the Rate of Photosynthesis	128	(2)
Cellular Respiration	130	(20)
Glycolysis and Fermentation	131	(6)
Aerobic Respiration	137	(13)
Quick Lab: Comparing CO2 Production	139	(8)
Standardized Test Preparation	147	(1)
Exploration Lab: Observing Cellular Respiration	148	(2)
Cell Reproduction	150	(20)
Chromosomes	151	(3)
Cell Division	154	(7)
Meiosis	161	(9)
Quick Lab: Identifying Prefixes and Suffixes	158	(9)
Standardized Test Preparation	167	(1)
Skills Practice Lab: Observing Mitosis in Plant Cells	168	(2)
UNIT 3 Genetics and Biotechnology	170	(106)
Fundamentals of Genetics	172	(20)
Mendel's Legacy	173	(7)
Genetic Crosses	180	(12)
Quick Lab: Calculating Probability	181	(4)
Quick Lab: Determining Genotypes	185	(4)
Standardized Test Preparation	189	(1)
Exploration Lab: Modeling Monohybrid Crosses	190	(2)
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis	192	(24)
Discovery of DNA	193	(3)
DNA Structure	196	(4)
DNA Replication	200	(4)
Protein Synthesis	204	(12)
Quick Lab: Comparing and Contrasting RNA Types	209	(4)
Standardized Test Preparation	213	(1)
Skills Practice Lab: Modeling DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis	214	(2)
Gene Expression	216	(18)
Control of Gene Expression	217	(6)
Gene Expression in Development and Cell Division	223	(11)
Quick Lab: Modeling Post-Transcription Control	221	(10)
Standardized Test Preparation	231	(1)
Exploration Lab: Modeling Gene Expression in the lac Operon	232	(2)
Inheritance Patterns and Human Genetics	234	(20)
Chromosomes and Inheritance	235	(6)
Human Genetics	241	(13)
Quick Lab: Modeling Linkage	237	(14)
Standardized Test Preparation	251	(1)
Skills Practice Lab: Analyzing Karyotypes	252	(2)
Gene Technology	254	(22)
DNA Technology	255	(6)
The Human Genome Project	261	(5)
Genetic Engineering	266	(10)
Quick Lab: Comparing Unique Characteristics	260	(13)
Standardized Test Preparation	273	(1)
Exploration Lab: Analyzing DNA Using Gel Electrophoresis	274	(2)
UNIT 4 Evolution	276	(80)
History of Life	278	(18)
Biogenesis	279	(3)
Earth's History	282	(5)
The First Life-Forms	287	(9)
Quick Lab: Modeling Radioactive Decay	284	(9)
Standardized Test Preparation	293	(1)
Exploration Lab: Making Microspheres	294	(2)
Theory of Evolution	296	(20)
History of Evolutionary Thought	297	(5)
Evidence of Evolution	302	(6)
Evolution in Action	308	(8)
Quick Lab: Observing Adaptations Around You	309	(4)
Standardized Test Preparation	313	(1)
Exploration Lab: Modeling Selection	314	(2)
Population Genetics and Speciation	316	(20)
Genetic Equilibrium	317	(4)
Disruption of Genetic Equilibrium	321	(5)
Formation of Species	326	(10)
Quick Lab: Evaluating Selection	324	(9)
Standardized Test Preparation	333	(1)
Exploration Lab: Predicting Allele Frequency	334	(2)
Classification of Organisms	336	(20)
Biodiversity	337	(4)
Systematics	341	(5)
Modern Classification	346	(10)
Quick Lab: Practicing Classification	339	(14)
Standardized Test Preparation	353	(1)
Skills Practice Lab: Using and Formulating Dichotomous Keys	354	(2)
UNIT 5 Ecology	356	(102)
Introduction to Ecology	358	(22)
Introduction to Ecology	359	(4)
Ecology of Organisms	363	(3)
Energy Transfer	366	(5)
Ecosystem Recycling	371	(9)
Quick Lab: Modeling Groundwater	372	(5)
Standardized Test Preparation	377	(1)
Exploration Lab: Observing Habitat Selection	378	(2)
Populations	380	(18)
Understanding Populations	381	(4)
Measuring Populations	385	(5)
Human Population Growth	390	(8)
Quick Lab: Demonstrating Population Doubling	391	(4)
Standardized Test Preparation	395	(1)
Skills Practice Lab: Studying Population Growth	396	(2)
Community Ecology	398	(18)
Species Interactions	399	(6)
Patterns in Communities	405	(11)
Quick Lab: Modeling Predation	400	(13)
Standardized Test Preparation	413	(1)
Exploration Lab: Observing Symbiosis: Root Nodules	414	(2)
Ecosystems	416	(18)
Terrestrial Biomes	417	(6)
Aquatic Ecosystems	423	(11)
Quick Lab: Comparing Organisms in Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes	427	(4)
Standardized Test Preparation	431	(1)
Inquiry Lab: Constructing and Comparing Ecosystems	432	(2)
Humans and the Environment	434	(24)
An Interconnected Planet	435	(5)
Environmental Issues	440	(6)
Environmental Solutions	446	(12)
Quick Lab: Estimating Microscopic Diversity	439	(10)
Quick Lab: Evaluating Environmental Issues in the News	449	(6)
Standardized Test Preparation	455	(1)
Inquiry Lab: Testing the Effects of Thermal Pollution	456	(2)
UNIT 6 Microbes, Protists, and Fungi	458	(84)
Bacteria	460	(22)
Prokaryotes	461	(6)
Biology of Prokaryotes	467	(5)
Bacteria and Humans	472	(10)
Quick Lab: Modeling the Spread of Disease	474	(5)
Standardized Test Preparation	479	(1)
Inquiry Lab: Culturing Bacteria	480	(2)
Viruses	482	(18)
Viral Structure and Replication	483	(6)
Viral Diseases	489	(11)
Quick Lab: Calculating Nanometers	484	(13)
Standardized Test Preparation	497	(1)
Inquiry Lab: Infecting Plants with Tobacco Mosaic Virus	498	(2)
Protists	500	(26)
Characteristics of Protists	501	(5)
Animal-like Protists	506	(4)
Plantlike and Funguslike Protists	510	(6)
Protists and Humans	516	(10)
Quick Lab: Comparing Funguslike Protists	515	(8)
Standardized Test Preparation	523	(1)
Exploration Lab: Classifying Green Algae	524	(2)
Fungi	526	(16)
Overview of Fungi	527	(3)
Classification of Fungi	530	(4)
Fungi and Humans	534	(8)
Quick Lab: Dissecting a Mushroom	531	(8)
Standardized Test Preparation	539	(1)
Inquiry Lab: Exploring the Growth of Fungi on Food	540	(2)
UNIT 7 Plants	542	(106)
The Importance of Plants	544	(18)
Plants and People	545	(9)
Plants and the Environment	554	(8)
Quick Lab: Making a Plant-Based Menu	546	(13)
Standardized Test Preparation	559	(1)
Exploration Lab: Comparing Soil-Grown Plants with Hydroponic Plants	560	(2)
Plant Evolution and Classification	562	(20)
Overview of Plants	563	(4)
Nonvascular Plants	567	(3)
Vascular Plants	570	(12)
Quick Lab: Examining Ferns	573	(6)
Standardized Test Preparation	579	(1)
Exploration Lab: Observing Plant Diversity	580	(2)
Plant Structure and Function	582	(26)
Plant Cells and Tissues	583	(4)
Roots	587	(5)
Stems	592	(7)
Leaves	599	(9)
Quick Lab: Observing Roots	590	(3)
Quick Lab: Observing Stems	593	(12)
Standardized Test Preparation	605	(1)
Skills Practice Lab: Observing Roots, Stems, and Leaves	606	(2)
Plant Reproduction	608	(22)
Plant Life Cycles	609	(4)
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants	613	(5)
Dispersal and Propagation	618	(12)
Quick Lab: Predicting Seed Dispersal	620	(7)
Standardized Test Preparation	627	(1)
Exploration Lab: Comparing Seed Structure and Seedling Development	628	(2)
Plant Responses	630	(18)
Plant Hormones	631	(5)
Plant Movements	636	(4)
Seasonal Responses	640	(8)
Quick Lab: Visualizing Phototropism	637	(8)
Standardized Test Preparation	645	(1)
Inquiry Lab: Testing the Effect of a Gibberellin on Plant Growth	646	(2)
UNIT 8 Invertebrates	648	(128)
Introduction to Animals	650	(22)
The Nature of Animals	651	(6)
Invertebrates and Vertebrates	657	(6)
Fertilization and Development	663	(9)
Quick Lab: Identifying Animal Characteristics	661	(8)
Standardized Test Preparation	669	(1)
Skills Practice Lab: Dissecting a Sheep's Heart	670	(2)
Sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores	672	(16)
Porifera	673	(3)
Cnidaria and Ctenophora	676	(12)
Quick Lab: Identifying Poriferans, Ctenophorans, and Cnidarians	678	(7)
Standardized Test Preparation	685	(1)
Exploration Lab: Observing Hydra Behavior	686	(2)
Flatworms, Roundworms, and Rotifers	688	(16)
Platyhelminthes	689	(6)
Nematoda and Rotifera	695	(9)
Quick Lab: Comparing Flatworms and Roundworms	697	(4)
Standardized Test Preparation	701	(1)
Inquiry Lab: Observing Flatworm Responses to Stimuli	702	(2)
Mollusks and Annelids	704	(18)
Mollusca	705	(8)
Annelida	713	(9)
Quick Lab: Describing a Mollusk	710	(9)
Standardized Test Preparation	719	(1)
Inquiry Lab: Testing Earthworm Behavior	720	(2)
Arthropods	722	(18)
Phylum Arthropoda	723	(3)
Subphylum Crustacea	726	(5)
Subphyla Chelicerata and Myriapoda	731	(9)
Quick Lab: Observing Crayfish Behavior	730	(7)
Standardized Test Preparation	737	(1)
Inquiry Lab: Investigating Pill Bug Behavior	738	(2)
Insects	740	(20)
The Insect World	741	(10)
Insect Behavior	751	(9)
Quick Lab: Interpreting Nonverbal Communication	753	(4)
Standardized Test Preparation	757	(1)
Skills Practice Lab: Observing Grasshopper Anatomy	758	(2)
Echinoderms and Invertebrate Chordates	760	(16)
Echinoderms	761	(7)
Invertebrate Chordates	768	(8)
Quick Lab: Modeling Chordate Characteristics	769	(4)
Standardized Test Preparation	773	(1)
Skills Practice Lab: Comparing Echinoderms	774	(2)
UNIT 9 Vertebrates	776	(128)
Fishes	778	(20)
Introduction to Vertebrates	779	(3)
Jawless and Cartilaginous Fishes	782	(5)
Bony Fishes	787	(11)
Quick Lab: Analyzing a Phylogenetic Tree	780	(6)
Quick Lab: Modeling a Shark Adaptation	786	(9)
Standardized Test Preparation	795	(1)
Exploration Lab: Observing Structure and Behavior in Fishes	796	(2)
Amphibians	798	(20)
Origin and Evolution of Amphibians	799	(5)
Characteristics of Amphibians	804	(6)
Reproduction in Amphibians	810	(8)
Quick Lab: Comparing Fish and Amphibian Skin	800	(15)
Standardized Test Preparation	815	(1)
Exploration Lab: Observing Live Frogs	816	(2)
Reptiles	818	(22)
Origin and Evolution of Reptiles	819	(6)
Characteristics of Reptiles	825	(5)
Modern Reptiles	830	(10)
Quick Lab: Modeling Snake Swallowing	833	(4)
Standardized Test Preparation	837	(1)
Inquiry Lab: Observing Color Adaptation in Anoles	838	(2)
Birds	840	(20)
Origin and Evolution of Birds	841	(3)
Characteristics of Birds	844	(7)
Classification	851	(9)
Quick Lab: Comparing Wing Structures	845	(12)
Standardized Test Preparation	857	(1)
Exploration Lab: Comparing Feather Structure and Function	858	(2)
Mammals	860	(26)
Origin and Evolution of Mammals	861	(3)
Characteristics of Mammals	864	(4)
Diversity of Mammals	868	(7)
Primates and Human Origins	875	(11)
Quick Lab: Comparing Gestation Periods	873	(10)
Standardized Test Preparation	883	(1)
Skills Practice Lab: Examining Mammalian Characteristics	884	(2)
Animal Behavior	886	(18)
Development of Behavior	887	(6)
Types of Animal Behavior	893	(11)
Quick Lab: Recognizing Learned Behavior	889	(12)
Standardized Test Preparation	901	(1)
Exploration Lab: Studying Nonverbal Communication	902	(2)
UNIT 10 Human Biology	904	(162)
Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems	906	(26)
The Human Body Plan	907	(4)
Skeletal System	911	(6)
Muscular System	917	(7)
Integumentary System	924	(8)
Quick Lab: Testing Muscle Stamina and Strength	920	(9)
Standardized Test Preparation	929	(1)
Skills Practice Lab: Dehydrating and Demineralizing Bone	930	(2)
Circulatory and Respiratory Systems	932	(24)
The Circulatory System	933	(7)
Blood	940	(6)
The Respiratory System	946	(10)
Quick Lab: Determining Heart Rate	934	(19)
Standardized Test Preparation	953	(1)
Inquiry Lab: Measuring Lung Volumes and CO2 Production	954	(2)
The Body's Defense Systems	956	(22)
Nonspecific Defenses	957	(4)
Specific Defenses: The Immune System	961	(9)
HIV and AIDS	970	(8)
Quick Lab: Organizing the Immune Response	966	(9)
Standardized Test Preparation	975	(1)
Exploration Lab: Simulating Disease Transmission	976	(2)
Digestive and Excretory Systems	978	(26)
Nutrients	979	(6)
Digestive System	985	(8)
Urinary System	993	(11)
Quick Lab: Analyzing Kidney Filtration	997	(4)
Standardized Test Preparation	1001	(1)
Inquiry Lab: Modeling Human Digestion	1002	(2)
Nervous System and Sense Organs	1004	(26)
Neurons and Nerve Impulses	1005	(5)
Structure of the Nervous System	1010	(6)
Sensory Systems	1016	(5)
Drugs and the Nervous System	1021	(9)
Quick Lab: Observing a Lens	1018	(9)
Standardized Test Preparation	1027	(1)
Skills Practice Lab: Dissecting a Sheep's Eye	1028	(2)
Endocrine System	1030	(18)
Hormones	1031	(3)
Endocrine Glands	1034	(14)
Quick Lab: Observing Solubilities	1032	(13)
Standardized Test Preparation	1045	(1)
Inquiry Lab: Observing the Effects of Thyroxine on Frog Metamorphosis	1046	(2)
Reproductive System	1048	(18)
Male Reproductive System	1049	(3)
Female Reproductive System	1052	(4)
Gestation	1056	(10)
Quick Lab: Summarizing Vocabulary	1057	(6)
Standardized Test Preparation	1063	(1)
Exploration Lab: Observing Embryonic Development	1064	(2)
APPENDIX	1066	(20)
Safe Laboratory Practices	1066	(4)
Using a Compound Light Microscope	1070	(2)
Using SI Units for Measurement	1072	(2)
Analyzing Word Parts	1074	(2)
Biologist's Guide to the Periodic Table	1076	(2)
Classification	1078	(7)
Geologic Time Scale	1085	(1)
Glossary	1086	(24)
Index	1110