A Modern Course in English Syntax

by Haegeman,Liliane

• ISBN13: 9780415036849
• ISBN10: 0415036844
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 1995-12-22
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

A Modern Course in English Syntaxprovides intermediate and advanced students of linguistics and English with a systematic account of the rules of English syntax, and acquaints them with the general methodology of syntactic description. It teaches them how to formulate syntactic arguments, and how to apply the right criteria and tests in the analysis of sentences. The technical terms and concepts needed for discussing English structures are presented step-by-step and all terms are clearly defined and amply illustrated as they are introduced. The text is interspersed throughout with exercises and practical assignments which students will find both useful and enjoyable.

Table of Contents

Preface	1	(4)
Aims and Methods
What is Syntax?	5	(1)
Representing Sentence Structure	6	(9)
Bracketing	6	(2)
Labelled Bracketing	8	(2)
Tree Diagrams and Phrase Structure Rules	10	(3)
Sentence and Discourse	13	(2)
Exercises	15	(1)
Constituency Tests	15	(6)
Variations on Basic Sentence Patterns	16	(1)
Clefting	16	(2)
Pseudo-clefting	18	(1)
Passivisation	18	(1)
Pronominalisation	18	(1)
Fronting	19	(1)
Exercises	19	(2)
Constituents
Introduction	21	(4)
Exercise	22	(1)
Word Order	22	(2)
Constituents	24	(1)
Sentences	25	(4)
Simple Declarative and Interrogative Sentences	25	(1)
Compound and Complex Sentences	26	(3)
Exercise	29	(1)
Clauses	29	(6)
Exercises	34	(1)
Phrases	35	(21)
Introduction	35	(1)
Noun Phrases	35	(1)
Elements before the Head	36	(1)
Pronouns	37	(3)
One-word Phrases	40	(1)
Elements after the Head	41	(1)
Summing up the NP	41	(1)
Exercise	42	(1)
Verb Phrases	42	(1)
Introduction	42	(1)
Verb Complements	43	(3)
Elements before the Head	46	(2)
The First Auxiliary in the VP	48	(2)
Summing up the VP	50	(1)
Exercises	51	(1)
Prepositional Phrases	51	(1)
Summing up the PP	52	(1)
Exercise	53	(1)
Adjective Phrases	53	(1)
Summing up the AdjP	54	(1)
Exercises	55	(1)
Adverb Phrases	55	(1)
Summing up the AdvP	56	(1)
Exercises	56	(1)
Words	56	(7)
Introduction	56	(1)
Word Classes: the Distribution of Words	57	(1)
Nouns	58	(1)
Verbs	59	(1)
Adjectives	59	(1)
Adverbs	60	(1)
Prepositions	61	(1)
Conjunctions	61	(1)
Exercises	62	(1)
Functions
Introduction: the Verb and its Complements	63	(3)
Grammatical Functions	66	(2)
Exercises	68	(1)
Grammatical Functions in S	68	(3)
Subject	68	(2)
Predicate	70	(1)
Sentence Adjuncts	70	(1)
Grammatical Functions in VP	71	(27)
Predicative Complements	71	(1)
Exercise	72	(1)
Direct Object	72	(1)
Exercise	73	(1)
Indirect Object	73	(1)
Exercises	74	(1)
Adverbial Complements with Intransitive Verbs	74	(3)
Exercise	77	(1)
Adverbial Complements with Transitive Verbs	77	(1)
Exercise	78	(1)
Predicative Complement + Adverbial Complement: a Complex Function	78	(2)
Exercise	80	(1)
Verb Patterns and Functions: a Summary	80	(1)
Exercise	81	(2)
Adjuncts and Complements	83	(1)
Exercise	83	(1)
Sentence Adjuncts and VP-Adjuncts	83	(3)
Exercise	86	(1)
Predicative Adjuncts	86	(4)
Exercise	90	(1)
Functions of Clauses	91	(1)
Finite Clauses	91	(3)
Non-finite and Verbless Clauses	94	(2)
Empty Subjects in Non-finite and Verbless Clauses	96	(2)
Grammatical Functions in Phrases: a Brief Survey	98	(3)
Exercises	99	(2)
Processes
Introduction	101	(2)
Leftward Movement: Wh-movement and Related Transformations	103	(28)
Questions: Different Types	103	(1)
Subject-Auxiliary Inversion	103	(2)
Do-insertion	105	(1)
Exercise	106	(1)
Wh-movement	107	(1)
Subcategorisation Frames and Wh-movement	108	(3)
Exercise	111	(1)
Prepositional Phrases in Wh-questions	111	(1)
Wh-movement of Subjects	112	(1)
Wh-movement and S	112	(1)
Exercises	113	(1)
Indirect Questions	113	(1)
Indirect Yes-No Questions	113	(1)
Indirect Wh-questions	114	(1)
Long Wh-movement	115	(1)
Relative Clauses	116	(3)
Exercise	119	(1)
The Meaning of Relative Clauses	119	(1)
Deletion in Relative Clauses	120	(1)
That in Relative Clauses	121	(1)
Adverbial Relative and Free Relative Clauses	122	(1)
Non-restrictive Relative Clauses	123	(1)
Exercises	123	(1)
Appositive Clauses	124	(2)
Exercises	126	(1)
Reduced Relative Clauses	126	(3)
Exercises	129	(1)
Fronting	130	(1)
Exercise	130	(1)
Passivisation	131	(3)
The Process	131	(2)
The By-phrase	133	(1)
Exercise	134	(1)
Movement to Focus Position	134	(16)
It-extraposition	134	(1)
It-extraposition in Passive Sentences	135	(2)
It-extraposition in Active Sentences	137	(1)
It-extraposition with Non-finite Clauses	138	(1)
Exercise	139	(1)
It-extraposition in Verbless Clauses	140	(1)
It-extraposition with Object Clauses	141	(2)
Subject-Verb Inversion	143	(2)
There-insertion	145	(2)
Extraposition from NP	147	(1)
Heavy Object-shift	148	(1)
Summing Up	149	(1)
Clefting and Pseudoclefting	150	(2)
Clefting	150	(1)
Pseudo-clefting	151	(1)
Substitution by Pro-forms	152	(2)
Ellipsis	154	(3)
Subject Deletion	154	(1)
Verb Gapping and Backward Gapping	155	(1)
Other Examples	155	(2)
Non-finite Clauses: Raising and Control
Introduction	157	(1)
Finite and Non-finite Clauses	157	(6)
Introduction	157	(1)
Finite Subordinate Clauses	158	(2)
Non-finite Subordinate Clauses with Lexical Subjects	160	(2)
Non-finite Clauses without Lexical Subjects	162	(1)
For . . . to Filter	162	(1)
Raising	163	(5)
Raising with Passive Verbs	163	(2)
Raising with Intransitive Verbs and with Adjectives	165	(2)
Summing Up	167	(1)
Exercises	168	(1)
Control	168	(7)
Non-lexical Subjects	168	(1)
Control vs Raising	169	(2)
Subject and Object Control	171	(1)
Indefinite Control	172	(1)
Control Adjectives	173	(1)
Exercises	173	(2)
Reanalysis: a Problem of Bracketing
Introduction	175	(1)
Prepositions and Particles	175	(7)
Exercises	181	(1)
Prepositional Verbs	182	(4)
Exercises	185	(1)
Phrasal-prepositional Verbs and Prepositional Idioms	186	(2)
Exercise	187	(1)
Levels of Structure
Introduction	188	(1)
Noun Phrases	189	(5)
Flat Structures and Layered Structures	189	(2)
One-substitution	191	(1)
Layering	192	(1)
One-word Phrases	193	(1)
Verb Phrases	194	(1)
Layering in VPs	194	(1)
Formal Evidence	194	(1)
Prepositional Phrases	195	(1)
Adjective Phrases	195	(2)
Complements of Adjs	195	(1)
Discontinuous Strings	196	(1)
Adverb Phrases	197	(1)
Summing Up: Layered Structure	197	(1)
Exercise	198	(1)
Index	199