Modern Elementary Statistics

by Freund, John E.; Perles, Benjamin M.

• ISBN13: 9780131874398
• ISBN10: 013187439X
• Edition: 12th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-12-23
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

This solid text presents ideas and concepts more clearly for students who have little or no background in statistics. The Twelveth Edition retains all the elements and style that educators nationwide have come to expect-clear prose, excellent problems and precise presentation of mathematics involved-while eliminating some of the computational drudgery.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Introduction	1	(11)
The Growth of Modern Statistics	2	(3)
Sources of Statistical Data	5	(2)
The Nature of Statistical Data	7	(5)
Checklist of Key Terms	10	(1)
References	10	(2)
Summarizing Data: Listing and Grouping	12	(31)
Listing Numerical Data	13	(3)
Stem-and-Leaf Displays	16	(5)
Frequency Distribution	21	(9)
Graphical Presentations	30	(7)
Summarizing Two-Variable Data	37	(6)
Checklist of Key Terms	41	(1)
References	41	(2)
Summarizing Data: Measures of Location	43	(31)
Populations and Samples	44	(1)
The Mean	45	(4)
The Weighted Mean	49	(5)
The Median	54	(3)
Other Fractiles	57	(2)
The Mode	59	(4)
The Description of Grouped Data	63	(7)
Technical Note (Summations)	70	(4)
Checklist of Key Terms	73	(1)
References	73	(1)
Summarizing Data: Measures of Variation	74	(26)
The Range	75	(1)
The Standard Deviation and the Variance	75	(4)
Applications of the Standard Deviation	79	(7)
The Description of Grouped Data	86	(2)
Some Further Descriptions	88	(12)
Checklist of Key Terms	93	(1)
References	93	(1)
Review Exercises for Chapters 1, 2, 3, & 4	94	(6)
Possibilities and Probabilities	100	(24)
Counting	101	(3)
Permutations	104	(3)
Combinations	107	(7)
Probability	114	(10)
Checklist of Key Terms	122	(1)
References	123	(1)
Some Rules of Probability	124	(35)
Sample Spaces and Events	125	(7)
The Postulates of Probability	132	(3)
Probabilities and Odds	135	(4)
Addition Rules	139	(6)
Conditional Probability	145	(2)
Multiplication Rules	147	(5)
Bayes Theorem	152	(7)
Checklist of Key Terms	157	(1)
References	157	(2)
Expectations and Decisions	159	(18)
Mathematical Expectation	160	(4)
Decision Making	164	(4)
Statistical Decision Problems	168	(9)
Checklist of Key Terms	171	(1)
References	171	(1)
Review Exercises for Chapters 5, 6, & 7	172	(5)
Probability Distributions	177	(29)
Random Variables	178	(1)
Probability Distributions	179	(2)
The Binomial Distribution	181	(8)
The Hypergeometric Distribution	189	(4)
The Poisson Distribution	193	(4)
The Multinomial Distribution	197	(1)
The Mean of a Probability Distribution	198	(3)
The Standard Deviation of a Probability Distribution	201	(5)
Checklist of Key Terms	205	(1)
References	205	(1)
The Normal Distribution	206	(23)
Continuous Distributions	207	(2)
The Normal Distribution	209	(9)
A Check for Normality	218	(1)
Applications of the Normal Distribution	219	(3)
The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution	222	(7)
Checklist of Key Terms	228	(1)
References	228	(1)
Sampling and Sampling Distributions	229	(33)
Random Sampling	230	(6)
Sample Designs	236	(1)
Systematic Sampling	237	(1)
Stratified Sampling	237	(2)
Cluster Sampling	239	(3)
Sampling Distributions	242	(3)
The Standard Error of the Mean	245	(3)
The Central Limit Theorem	248	(1)
Some Further Considerations	249	(3)
Technical Note (Simulation)	252	(10)
Checklist of Key Terms	254	(1)
References	255	(1)
Review Exercises for Chapters 8, 9, & 10	256	(6)
Problems of Estimation	262	(25)
The Estimation of Means	263	(5)
The Estimation of Means (σ unknown)	268	(6)
The Estimation of Standard Deviations	274	(5)
The Estimation of Proportions	279	(8)
Checklist of Key Terms	286	(1)
References	286	(1)
Tests of Hypotheses: Means	287	(30)
Tests of Hypotheses	287	(6)
Significance Tests	293	(7)
Tests Concerning Means	300	(4)
Tests Concerning Means (σ unknown)	304	(3)
Differences Between Means	307	(4)
Differences Between Means (σ's unknown)	311	(2)
Differences Between Means (Paired data)	313	(4)
Checklist of Key Terms	315	(1)
References	315	(2)
Tests of Hypotheses: Standard Deviations	317	(9)
Tests Concerning Standard Deviations	317	(4)
Tests Concerning Two Standard Deviations	321	(5)
Checklist of Key Terms	325	(1)
References	325	(1)
Tests of Hypotheses Based on Count Data	326	(31)
Tests Concerning Proportions	327	(1)
Tests Concerning Proportions (Large Samples)	328	(1)
Differences between Proportions	329	(4)
The Analysis of an r x c Table	333	(12)
Goodness of Fit	345	(12)
Checklist of Key Terms	350	(1)
References	350	(1)
Review Exercises for Chapters 11, 12, 13, & 14	351	(6)
Analysis of Variance	357	(39)
Differences Among k Means: An Illustration	358	(4)
The Design of Experiments: Randomization	362	(1)
One-Way Analysis of Variance	363	(7)
Multiple Comparisons	370	(6)
The Design of Experiments: Blocking	376	(1)
Two-Way Analysis of Variance	377	(1)
Two-Way Analysis of Variance without Interaction	378	(4)
The Design of Experiments: Replication	382	(1)
Two Way Analysis of Variance with Interaction	382	(5)
The Design of Experiments: Further Considerations	387	(9)
Checklist of Key Terms	394	(1)
References	395	(1)
Regression	396	(35)
Curve Fitting	397	(2)
The Method of Least Squares	399	(11)
Regression Analysis	410	(8)
Multiple Regression	418	(4)
Nonlinear Regression	422	(9)
Checklist of Key Terms	430	(1)
References	430	(1)
Correlation	431	(21)
The Coefficient of Correlation	432	(6)
The Interpretation of r	438	(5)
Correlation Analysis	443	(4)
Multiple and Partial Correlation	447	(5)
Checklist of Key Terms	450	(1)
References	451	(1)
Nonparametric Tests	452	(41)
The Sign Test	453	(2)
The Sign Test (Large Samples)	455	(3)
The Signed-Rank Test	458	(4)
The Signed-Rank Test (Large Samples)	462	(3)
The U Test	465	(4)
The U Test (Large Samples)	469	(2)
The H Test	471	(4)
Tests of Randomness: Runs	475	(1)
Tests of Randomness: Runs (Large Samples)	476	(1)
Tests of Randomness: Runs Above and Below the Median	477	(2)
Rank Correlation	479	(4)
Some Further Considerations	483	(1)
Summary	483	(10)
Checklist of Key Terms	484	(1)
References	484	(2)
Review Exercises for Chapters 15, 16, 17, & 18	486	(7)
Statistical Tables	493	(26)
Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises	519	(38)
Index	557