Modern Latin America

by Skidmore, Thomas E.; Smith, Peter H.

• ISBN13: 9780195100174
• ISBN10: 0195100174
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-01-02
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This popular text, now in its fourth edition, is a lively interpretive history that has been brought up to date in all areas, including the ongoing war against international drug trafficking, the difficulties and promises of NAFTA, the increasing trend toward democratic and pluralist politics, and the large-scale immigration of Latin Americans into the United States. As in earlier editions, the authors use an in-depth case-study approach that guides students through the major countries of Latin America, highlighting central themes such as European-New World interaction, racial mixtures, military takeovers, and U.S. intervention in the region. Completely expanded and updated throughout, this edition includes a broad overview of the region during the 1990s and provides a revised epilogue that takes stock of the recent developments, offering insights as to what the future holds for Latin America.

Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	xi
PROLOGUE. WHY LATIN AMERICA?	1	(12)
Interpretations of Latin America	6	(4)
Analytical Themes in This Book	10	(3)
ONE. THE COLONIAL FOUNDATIONS, 1492-1880s	13	(29)
The European Context	14	(1)
Spanish America: From Conquest to Colony, 1492-1600	15	(6)
Spanish America: The Transformation of Colonial Society, 1600-1750	21	(1)
Portuguese America: A Different World?	22	(4)
The Roots of Independence	26	(2)
The Colonial Response	28	(4)
Achieving Independence	32	(2)
The Brazilian Path to Independence	34	(2)
The Aftermath of Independence, 1830-1850	36	(4)
The Pull of the International Economy, 1850-1880s	40	(2)
TWO. THE TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN LATIN AMERICA, 1880s-1990s	42	(26)
Phase 1: Initiation of Export-Import Growth, 1880-1900	43	(4)
Phase 2: Expansion of Export-Import Growth, 1900-1930	47	(5)
Phase 3: Import-Substituting Industrialization, 1930-1960s	52	(3)
Phase 4: Stagnation in Import-Substituting Growth, 1960s-1980s	55	(3)
Phase 5: Crisis, Debt, and Democracy, 1980s-1990s	58	(4)
Women and Society	62	(4)
A Framework for Comparison	66	(2)
THREE. ARGENTINA: PROSPERITY, DEADLOCK, AND CHANGE	68	(46)
The Struggle over Nationhood	69	(2)
Overview: Economic Growth and Social Change	71	(8)
The Political System: Consensus and Reform	79	(4)
The Military Turns Back the Clock	83	(5)
Peronism and Peron	88	(4)
The Military Stewardship	92	(2)
The Failure of Developmental Reformism	94	(4)
The Bureaucratic-Authoritarian Solution	98	(3)
The Peronists Back in Power	101	(2)
The Military Returns	103	(4)
Transition to Democracy	107	(7)
FOUR. CHILE: SOCIALISM, REPRESSION, AND DEMOCRACY	114	(33)
Overview: Economic Growth and Social Change	115	(5)
Politics and Parliament	120	(4)
From Instability to Popular Front	124	(4)
The Era of Party Politics	128	(7)
Socialism via Democracy?	135	(7)
The Pinochet Regime	142	(3)
Redemocratization	145	(2)
FIVE. BRAZIL: DEVELOPMENT FOR WHOM?	147	(42)
Dom Pedro I (1822-1831)	148	(3)
Dom Pedro II (1840-1889)	151	(2)
The End of the Empire	153	(3)
Overview: Economic Growth and Social Change	156	(6)
The First Republic (1889-1930)	162	(5)
Getulio Vargas and the Estado Novo	167	(6)
The Second Republic (1946-1964)	173	(9)
Military Rule	182	(3)
From Liberalization to Redemocratization	185	(4)
SIX. PERU: SOLDIERS, OLIGARCHS, AND INDIANS	189	(37)
The Independence Period	191	(2)
The Guano Age	193	(4)
Overview: Economic Growth and Social Change	197	(8)
Oligarchic Rule	205	(2)
Leguia: The Oncenio	207	(2)
The Reformist Critique	209	(2)
Flirting with Alternatives	211	(3)
Economic Liberalism and Political Vacillation	214	(3)
The Military Revolution	217	(5)
Back to Normal?	222	(4)
SEVEN. MEXICO: THE TAMING OF A REVOLUTION	226	(37)
Mexico after Independence	226	(3)
The North American Invasion	229	(2)
The Diaz Era: Progress at a Price	231	(2)
The Mexican Revolution	233	(6)
Institutionalizing the Revolution	239	(3)
Stability, Growth--and Rigidity	242	(15)
North American Free Trade	257	(3)
Technocracy in Crisis	260	(3)
EIGHT. CUBA: LATE COLONY, FIRST SOCIALIST STATE	263	(31)
Dubious Independence	264	(1)
Overview: Economic Growth and Social Change	265	(5)
Politics: Corruption and Decay	270	(2)
Fidel Castro and the Making of the Revolution	272	(4)
Defining the Revolution	276	(7)
Decade of Experiment	283	(3)
Consolidating the Regime	286	(5)
The Struggle for Survival	291	(3)
NINE. THE CARIBBEAN: COLONIES AND MINI-STATES	294	(27)
The Colonial Period: Conquest and Competition	296	(3)
Overview: Economic Growth and Social Change	299	(2)
Haiti: Slave Republic, Voodoo Dictatorship	301	(5)
The Dominican Republic: Unfinished Experiment	306	(4)
Jamaica: Runaways and Revolutionary Socialism	310	(3)
Puerto Rico: From Settler Colony to Capitalist Showcase	313	(3)
Lesser Antilles: Struggle of the Micro-States	316	(5)
TEN. CENTRAL AMERICA: COLONIALISM, DICTATORSHIP, AND REVOLUTION	321	(38)
Colonial Background	321	(3)
Independence: The Struggle for Unification	324	(1)
Rafael Carrera and Conservative Supremacy	325	(2)
Liberal Theory and "Republican Dictatorships"	327	(1)
Overview: Economic Growth and Social Change	328	(6)
Panama: A Nation and a Zone	334	(3)
Costa Rica: Fragile Democracy	337	(3)
Nicaragua: From Dynasty to Revolution	340	(5)
Honduras: Rule by Military	345	(2)
El Salvador: From Stability to Insurgence	347	(5)
Guatemala: Reaction and Repression	352	(7)
ELEVEN. LATIN AMERICA, THE UNITED STATES, AND THE WORLD	359	(41)
From Independence to Pan Americanism	361	(3)
The Rise of U.S. Influence	364	(4)
The Consolidation of U.S. Influence	368	(4)
The Expression of U.S. Influence	372	(4)
The Nationalist Impulse	376	(4)
The Revolutionary Option	380	(4)
Democratic Reformers and the Alliance for Progress	384	(3)
Development and Debt	387	(3)
The End of the Cold War	390	(2)
Regional Economic Integration	392	(3)
The Social Agenda	395	(2)
Hispanic Culture within the United States	397	(3)
EPILOGUE. WHAT FUTURE FOR LATIN AMERICA?	400	(25)
Preparing to Predict: Comparative Analysis	401	(11)
Dimensions of Change: Demography and Economics	412	(2)
Looking Ahead: Political Responses	414	(3)
Latin America: Closing the Socialist Route	417	(2)
The Prospects for Development Under Capitalism	419	(2)
What Will Happen to the Non-European Cultures in Latin America?	421	(1)
The Potential for Regional Conflict	422	(1)
Latin America's Contribution to the World	423	(2)
STATISTICAL APPENDIX	425	(4)
HEADS OF STATE	429	(8)
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING	437	(16)
INDEX	453