Modern Latin America

by Skidmore, Thomas E.; Smith, Peter H.

• ISBN13: 9780195170139
• ISBN10: 019517013X
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-10-07
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Now in its sixth edition, Modern Latin America is a lively interpretive history and the leading text in the field. Thoroughly updated and revised, the book includes a new chapter on the history of Colombia from the wars of independence to the violent conflicts of the present day. It alsoexamines such topics as: * the impact of 9/11 on U.S.-Latin American relations * globalization * drug trafficking * women's roles in society and politics * the fragility and uncertainty of democracy in Latin America The book features sociocultural sections and boxes in nearly every chapter, covering such diverse areas as the psychology of exile, Santeria in Cuba, baseball in the Dominican Republic, and the popularity of Latin music in the U.S. All political and economic information has been updated. As inearlier editions, the authors use an in-depth case study approach that guides readers through the major countries of Latin America, highlighting central themes including European-New World interaction, racial mixtures, military takeovers, and United States intervention in the area. With aninsightful look into the future, Modern Latin America, Sixth Edition, will continue to be an exceptional text for undergraduate courses on contemporary Latin American history, society, and politics.

Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	xiii
PROLOGUE. WHY LATIN AMERICA?	1	(12)
Interpretations of Latin America	5	(5)
Analytical Themes in This Book	10	(3)
ONE. THE COLONIAL FOUNDATIONS, 1492-1880's	13	(29)
The European Context	14	(1)
Spanish America: From Conquest to Colony, 1492-1600	15	(6)
Spanish America: The Transformation of Colonial Society, 1600-1750	21	(1)
Portuguese America: A Different World?	22	(4)
The Roots of Independence	26	(3)
The Colonial Response	29	(3)
Achieving Independence	32	(2)
The Brazilian Path to Independence	34	(2)
The Aftermath of Independence, 1830-1850	36	(4)
The Pull of the International Economy, 1850-1880's	40	(2)
TWO. THE TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN LATIN AMERICA, 1880s-2000's	42	(27)
Phase 1: Initiation of Export-Import Growth, 1880-1900	43	(4)
Phase 2: Expansion of Export-Import Growth, 1900-1930	47	(4)
Phase 3: Import-Substituting Industrialization, 1930-1960's	51	(4)
Phase 4: Stagnation in Import-Substituting Growth, 1960's-1980's	55	(3)
Phase 5: Crisis, Debt, and Democracy, 1980's-2000's	58	(4)
Women and Society	62	(5)
A Framework for Comparison	67	(2)
THREE. ARGENTINA: PROSPERITY, DEADLOCK, AND CHANGE	69	(40)
The Struggle over Nationhood	69	(2)
Overview: Economic Growth and Social Change	71	(6)
Rhythms of Popular Culture	77	(3)
The Political System: Consensus and Reform	80	(2)
The Military Turns Back the Clock	82	(4)
Peronism and Peron	86	(3)
The Military Stewardship	89	(2)
The Failure of Developmental Reformism	91	(3)
The Bureaucratic Authoritarian Solution	94	(2)
Peronists Back in Power	96	(2)
The Military Returns	98	(3)
Transition to Democracy	101	(8)
FOUR. CHILE: SOCIALISM, REPRESSION, AND DEMOCRACY	109	(30)
Overview: Economic Growth and Social Change	110	(4)
Politics and Parliament	114	(4)
From Instability to Popular Front	118	(4)
The Era of Party Politics	122	(5)
Socialism via Democracy?	127	(6)
The Pinochet Regime	133	(3)
Redemocratization	136	(3)
FIVE. BRAZIL: DEVELOPMENT FOR WHOM?	139	(42)
Dom Pedro I (1822-1831)	139	(4)
Dom Pedro II (1840-1889)	143	(1)
The End of the Empire	144	(3)
Overview: Economic Growth and Social Change	147	(6)
The First Republic (1889-1930)	153	(4)
Getúlio Vargas and the Estado Novo	157	(6)
The Second Republic (1946-1964)	163	(8)
Military Rule	171	(3)
The Quest for Afro-Brazilian Identity	174	(1)
From Liberalization to Redemocratization	175	(4)
Brazil's First Working-Class President	179	(2)
SIX. PERU: SOLDIERS, OLIGARCHS, AND INDIANS	181	(40)
The Independence Period	183	(2)
The Guano Age	185	(4)
Overview: Economic Growth and Social Change	189	(7)
Oligarchic Rule	196	(2)
Leguia: The Oncenio	198	(2)
The Reformist Critique	200	(2)
Flirting with Alternatives	202	(3)
Economic Liberalism and Political Vacillation	205	(3)
The Military Revolution	208	(5)
Struggles of Civilian Governments	213	(4)
Fujimori's Illiberal Democracy	217	(2)
Perils of Politics	219	(2)
SEVEN. COLOMBIA: DISCORD, CIVILITY, AND VIOLENCE	221	(33)
Independence and Its Aftermath	223	(2)
Bolivar's Gran Colombia: An Experiment Failed	225	(1)
Forming Political Parties: Liberals and Conservatives	226	(2)
Rafael Nunez and the Politics of Regeneration	228	(1)
The Loss of Panama	229	(2)
Overview: Economic Growth and Social Change	231	(5)
Conservatives, Liberals, and Convivencia	236	(4)
Gaitan, Reaction, and La Violencia	240	(3)
The National Front	243	(3)
Seeking Constitutional Order	246	(8)
EIGHT. MEXICO: THE TAMING OF A REVOLUTION	254	(42)
Mexico After Independence	254	(3)
The North American Invasion	257	(1)
Reform, Monarchy, and the Restored Republic	258	(2)
The Diaz Era: Progress at a Price	260	(4)
The Mexican Revolution	264	(5)
Institutionalizing the Revolution	269	(5)
Stability, Growth-and Rigidity	274	(13)
North American Free Trade	287	(3)
Twilight of the Technocrats?	290	(2)
Dawn of a New Era	292	(4)
NINE. CUBA: LATE COLONY, FIRST SOCIALIST STATE	296	(32)
Dubious Independence	298	(1)
Overview: Economic Growth and Social Change	298	(4)
Politics: Corruption and Decay	302	(2)
Americanization in Pre-revolutionary Cuba	304	(1)
Fidel Castro and the Making of the Revolution	305	(4)
Defining the Revolution	309	(6)
Decade of Experiment	315	(3)
Consolidating the Regime	318	(4)
The Struggle for Survival	322	(6)
TEN. THE CARIBBEAN: COLONIES AND MINI-STATES	328	(28)
The Colonial Period: Conquest and Competition	330	(2)
Overview: Economic Growth and Social Change	332	(3)
Haiti: Slave Republic, Voodoo Dictatorship	335	(6)
The Dominican Republic: Unfinished Experiment	341	(4)
Jamaica: Runaways and Revolutionary Socialism	345	(2)
Puerto Rico: From Settler Colony to Capitalist Showcase	347	(4)
Lesser Antilles: Struggle of the Micro-States	351	(5)
ELEVEN. CENTRAL AMERICA: COLONIALISM, DICTATORSHIP, AND REVOLUTION	356	(40)
Colonial Background	356	(3)
Independence: The Struggle for Unification	359	(1)
Rafael Carrera and Conservative Supremacy	360	(2)
Liberal Theory and "Republican Dictatorships"	362	(1)
Overview: Economic Growth and Social Change	363	(4)
Panama: A Nation and a Zone	367	(4)
Costa Rica: The Exceptional Democracy	371	(2)
Nicaragua: From Dynasty to Revolution	373	(7)
Honduras: The Military in Politics	380	(2)
El Salvador: From Stability to Insurgence	382	(7)
Guatemala: Reaction and Repression	389	(7)
TWELVE. LATIN AMERICA, THE UNITED STATES, AND THE WORLD	396	(44)
From Independence to Pan Americanism	398	(4)
The Rise of U.S. Influence	402	(3)
The Consolidation of U.S. Influence	405	(4)
Expressions of U.S. Power	409	(5)
The Nationalist Impulse	414	(3)
The Revolutionary Threat	417	(4)
Democratic Reformers and the Alliance for Progress	421	(3)
Development and Debt	424	(3)
The End of the Cold War	427	(1)
Regional Economic Integration	428	(4)
The Intermestic Agenda	432	(2)
Hispanic Culture and Communities	434	(4)
Prospects for the Twenty-First Century	438	(2)
EPILOGUE. WHAT FUTURE FOR LATIN AMERICA?	440	(16)
Dimensions of Change: Demography and Economics	442	(3)
Looking Ahead: Political Responses	445	(3)
Closing the Socialist Route	448	(1)
The Prospects for Development Under Capitalism	449	(3)
What Will Happen to the Non-European Cultures in Latin America?	452	(1)
Latin America's Contribution to the World	453	(3)
STATISTICAL APPENDIX	456	(4)
ANALYTICAL APPENDIX	460	(11)
HEADS OF STATE	471	(9)
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING	480	(15)
INDEX	495