Molecular And Cellular Exercise Physiology

by Mooren, Frank

• ISBN13: 9780736045186
• ISBN10: 073604518X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-11-07
• Publisher: Human Kinetics

Summary

With Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology,you'll gain cutting-edge information on how exercise modulates cellular physiology. You'll be able to use that knowledge to develop better training regimens and injury-prevention and rehabilitation programs. You'll also be able to improve performance. The book is unique in that it is the first comprehensive text to address the effects of physical activity on the cellular and molecular level.Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiologyhighlights the potential of physical training in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases while thoroughly exploring these topics:-Fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for changes in stroke volume, blood gas homeostasis, pH alterations, blood pressure, and osmosis in response to exercise-How the exercise effects are mediated and translated into specific cellular and subcellular alterations Recent fascinating advances in molecular techniques have extended the field of exercise physiology and enabled researchers to address the mechanisms involved on a subcellular and molecular level. Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiologyis a vital reference to help you stay on top of this exciting field.

Table of Contents

Contributors	vii
Preface	ix
Part I MOLECULAR EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY	1	(218)
The Cell	3	(16)
Cellular Architecture	3	(7)
Exercise and the Cell	10	(8)
Conclusion	18	(1)
Cellular Life Span	19	(20)
Cell Cycle and Tissue Turnover	19	(6)
Cell Death	25	(6)
Effect of Exercise on Cell Proliferation and Cell Death	31	(6)
Conclusion	37	(2)
Genes, Genetic Heterogeneity, and Exercise Phenotypes	39	(16)
Genes and Genome	39	(1)
Gene Expression	40	(1)
Regulation of Gene Expression	41	(2)
Exercise and Gene Expression	43	(1)
DNA Sequence Variation	44	(1)
Genetics and Responsiveness to Exercise Training	45	(9)
Conclusion	54	(1)
Proteins and Exercise	55	(16)
Protein Synthesis	55	(6)
Protein Degradation	61	(2)
Exercise and Protein Metabolism	63	(6)
Conclusion	69	(2)
Extracellular Matrix and Exercise	71	(24)
Extracellular Matrices	71	(1)
Composition of the Interstitial Extracellular Matrix	71	(5)
Composition of Basement Membranes	76	(1)
Synthesis of Collagens	77	(2)
Degradation of Collagens	79	(2)
ECM of Skeletal Muscle	81	(4)
Muscle ECM and Physical Activity	85	(10)
Regulation of Intracellular Ion Composition and pH	95	(14)
Potassium	95	(6)
Intracellular pH Regulation	101	(4)
Magnesium	105	(4)
Inter- and Intracellular Signaling	109	(36)
Hormones and Receptors	109	(8)
Opioid Peptide Precursor Derivatives	117	(13)
Intracellular Signal Transduction	130	(15)
Energy Turnover and Substrate Utilization	145	(34)
Skeletal Muscle Carbohydrate Metabolism During Exercise	145	(10)
Recent Advances in Long Chain Fatty Acid Transport and Metabolism	155	(14)
Molecular Basis of Lactate Transport in Skeletal Muscle	169	(10)
Generation and Disposal of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species	179	(20)
Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Living Organisms	179	(10)
Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Exercise	189	(8)
Conclusion	197	(2)
Cellular Responses to Environmental Stress	199	(20)
Hyperthermia	199	(13)
Hypoxia	212	(7)
Part II EXERCISE AND THE CELL	219	(124)
Exercise and the Cardiac Myocyte	221	(32)
Structure of the Cardiac Myocyte	221	(2)
Contractile Cycle and Excitation--Contraction Coupling	223	(6)
Adaptive Hypertrophy and Growth Signaling	229	(11)
Contractile Function and Calcium Handling	240	(13)
Exercise and Endothelium	253	(10)
Endothelial Cell Function	253	(6)
Effects of Physical Training on Vascular Reactivity	259	(3)
Conclusion	262	(1)
Activity-Dependent Adaptive Responses of Skeletal Muscle Fibers	263	(14)
The Multiplicity of Sarcomeric Protein Isoforms	263	(1)
Myofibrillar Protein Isoforms and Fiber Diversity	264	(3)
Metabolic Adaptations of Muscle Fibers to Altered Functional Demands	267	(1)
Fiber Type Transitions	268	(3)
Signaling Pathways Related to Fiber Type Transitions	271	(3)
Conclusion	274	(3)
Exercise and the Alveolar and Bronchial Epithelial Cell	277	(12)
Airways	278	(5)
The Alveolar Epithelium	283	(6)
Exercise and the Liver Cell	289	(10)
Hepatic Carbohydrate Metabolism	289	(6)
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism	295	(3)
Conclusion	298	(1)
Exercise and the Adipocyte	299	(10)
The Adipocyte: Characteristics and Functions	299	(5)
Adipocyte Receptors, Signaling Molecules, and Exercise	304	(3)
Conclusion	307	(2)
Erythrocytes	309	(12)
Red Cell Production	309	(2)
Principles of O2 Transport by the Hemoglobin Molecule	311	(3)
Principles of CO2 Transport in Blood	314	(2)
Regulation of Red Cell Volume	316	(2)
Red Cell Influence on Circulation and Respiration	318	(1)
Erythrocyte and Radicals	318	(1)
Conclusion	319	(2)
Leukocytes	321	(10)
Acute Exercise and Leukocytes	321	(5)
Mechanisms of Action	326	(1)
Chronic Exercise and Leukocyte Subpopulations	327	(1)
Exercise and Infections	328	(1)
Conclusion	329	(2)
Exercise and the Brain	331	(12)
Exercise Improves Cognitive Function in Humans and Prevents Age-Related Brain Atrophy	331	(1)
Animal Models to Study the Effects of Exercise on Brain Function	332	(1)
Exercise Up-Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor	332	(2)
Gene Microarray Analysis Reveals Other Genes That Are Regulated by Exercise	334	(1)
Exercise Enhancement of Learning and BDNF	335	(1)
Exercise and Depression	336	(1)
Definitive Role for BDNF in Human Cognition	337	(1)
CNS and Peripheral Regulatory Mechanisms of Exercise Effect on BDNF	337	(3)
Conclusion	340	(3)
List of Abbreviations	343	(4)
References	347	(94)
Index	441	(12)
About the Editors	453