Moral Constraints on War Principles and Cases

by Coppieters, Bruno; Fotion, Nick; Apressyan, Ruben; Ceulemans, Carl; Damme, Guy Van; Hartle, Anthony; Kashnikov, Boris

• ISBN13: 9780739121290
• ISBN10: 0739121294
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-06-27
• Publisher: Lexington Books

Summary

This second edition of Moral Constraints on War offers a principle-by-principle presentation of the transcultural roots of the ethics of war in an age defined by the increasingly international nature of military intervention. Parts I and II trace the evolution of Just War Theory, analyzing the principles of jus ad bellum and jus in bello: the principles that determine under what conditions a war may be started and then conducted. Each chapter provides a historical background of the principle under discussion, an explanation of the principle, and numerous historical examples of its application. In part III, case studies apply the theories discussed to NATO's humanitarian mission in Kosovo, terrorism, and the Iraq War.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Introduction	p. 1
Realism	p. 1
Militarism	p. 5
Pacifism	p. 7
Just War Theory	p. 10
Questions of Terminology: Justice, War, and Theory	p. 14
Jus ad Bellum
Just Cause	p. 27
A General Approach	p. 27
Individual and Collective Self-Defense	p. 29
Humanitarian Intervention	p. 43
Legitimate Authority	p. 55
Background	p. 55
Collaboration and Resistance: La France Libre	p. 58
Revolutionary Movements	p. 61
Anticolonial Struggles: Algeria, 1954-1962	p. 62
The Security System of the United Nations	p. 66
Conclusion	p. 70
Right Intentions	p. 73
The Just War Tradition	p. 75
Testing the Principle	p. 78
Bangladesh, 1971	p. 80
Hitler's Occupation of Czechoslovakia, 1938	p. 83
Hitler's Occupation of Poland, 1939	p. 85
The Soviet Occupation of Poland, 1939	p. 86
A Four-Step Approach to the Iraq War, 2003	p. 88
The Likelihood of Success	p. 101
Problems	p. 101
Luxembourg, 1940	p. 103
Belgium, 1940	p. 104
Thailand, 1940 and 1941	p. 105
Cuba in the 1950s	p. 106
Hezbollah	p. 108
Mini and Maxi	p. 110
Czechoslovakia, 1968	p. 111
North Korea	p. 114
Afghanistan and Iraq Compared	p. 117
Sacrifice and Mobilization	p. 120
Proportionality	p. 125
A Relational Principle	p. 125
Luxembourg and Belgium Again	p. 128
Mini and Maxi Again	p. 128
Divergence between Success and Proportionality Principles	p. 130
North Korea and the Bomb Again	p. 132
Last Resort	p. 139
The United Nations	p. 140
Nuclear Crisis Management: The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962	p. 142
Humanitarian Crisis Management: Bosnia, 1992-1995	p. 147
Jus in Bello
A Historical Overview of the Jus in Bello Constraints	p. 155
Proportionality	p. 159
Underlying Assumptions	p. 159
The Conduct of War	p. 160
Nuclear Arms	p. 164
Biological Arms	p. 165
The Principle of Double Effect	p. 167
Conclusion	p. 169
Discrimination	p. 171
Noncombatant Immunity	p. 171
Nuclear Weapons	p. 178
Land Mines	p. 181
Targeting	p. 183
Economic Sanctions	p. 184
Counterterrorism	p. 186
Conclusion	p. 188
Cases
The NATO Intervention in the Kosovo Crisis: March-June 1999	p. 195
Presentation of the Case	p. 195
Just Cause	p. 198
Right Intentions	p. 199
Legitimate Authority	p. 201
Last Resort	p. 203
Likelihood of Success	p. 206
Proportionality (ad Bellum)	p. 210
Discrimination	p. 212
Proportionality (in Bello)	p. 213
Conclusion	p. 215
NATO's Intervention in the Kosovo Crisis: Whose Justice?	p. 219
Just Cause?	p. 219
Legitimate Authority?	p. 221
Right Intentions?	p. 223
Likelihood of Success?	p. 225
Last Resort?	p. 227
Proportionality (ad Bellum)?	p. 229
Winning Ugly: Discrimination and Proportionality (in Bello)	p. 231
Conclusion	p. 233
Kosovo and the Question of a Just Secession	p. 237
Three Debates on Kosovo	p. 237
Military Intervention: The Case of Abkhazia	p. 240
International Administration: The Case of Chechnya	p. 242
Unilateral Independence: The Case of Kosovo	p. 245
Conclusion	p. 254
Terrorism	p. 261
The Nature of Terrorism	p. 261
The Morality of Terrorism	p. 264
Terrorist Arguments	p. 265
Assessing the Arguments	p. 268
The War in Iraq: 2003 and Beyond	p. 279
Background	p. 279
Just Cause	p. 282
Right Intentions	p. 285
Last Resort	p. 286
Likelihood of Success	p. 287
Proportionality (Jus ad Bellum)	p. 289
Legitimate Authority	p. 289
Proportionality (Jus in Bello)	p. 290
Discrimination	p. 292
Later Developments	p. 295
Conclusion	p. 297
Concluding Comments	p. 303
Realism, Pacifism, and Militarism Revisted	p. 303
Just War Theory and Excessive Optimism	p. 308
Excessive Pessimism	p. 312
A Universal Theory?	p. 314
Index	p. 317
About the Contributors	p. 327
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