Mpls

by Davie, Bruce S.; Rekhter, Yakov

• ISBN13: 9781558606562
• ISBN10: 1558606564
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-05-01
• Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pub

Summary

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is now a widely deployed technology, which addresses a variety of issues, including traffic engineering, Quality of Service, Virtual Private Networks, and IP/ATM integration. MPLS: Technology and Applications is the first book that provides a detailed analysis of the architecture, protocols, and application of MPLS.Written by experts who personally authored key parts of the standard, this book will enable network operators and designers to determine which aspects of networks would benefit from MPLS. It is also a definitive reference for engineers implementing MPLS-based products.

Author Biography

Bruce David works at Cisco Systems, Inc., where he is a Cisco Fellow. He leads a group working on the development of MPLS and QoS capabilities for IP networks.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Introduction	1	(24)
How Did We Get Here?	3	(12)
Growth and Evolution of the Internet	3	(2)
Price and Performance	5	(2)
Integration of IP over ATM	7	(6)
Extending Routing Functionality	13	(2)
A Brief History	15	(6)
IP over ATM	15	(3)
Toshiba's Cell Switching Router (CSR)	18	(1)
IP Switching	18	(1)
Tag Switching	19	(1)
IBM's ARIS	20	(1)
The Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Working Group	20	(1)
Summary	21	(1)
Further Reading	22	(3)
Fundamental Concepts	25	(34)
Network Layer Routing Functional Components: Control and Forwarding	26	(3)
Forwarding Equivalence Classes	27	(1)
Providing Consistent Routing	28	(1)
Label Switching: The Forwarding Component	29	(7)
What Is a Label?	29	(1)
Label Switching Forwarding Tables	29	(1)
Carrying a Label in a Packet	30	(1)
Label Switching Forwarding Algorithm	31	(2)
Single Forwarding Algorithm	33	(1)
Forwarding Granularity	34	(1)
Multiprotocol: Both Above and Below	35	(1)
Label Switching Forwarding Component: Summary	36	(1)
Label Switching: The Control Component	36	(19)
Local versus Remote Binding	38	(1)
Upstream versus Downstream Binding	39	(1)
``Free'' Labels	39	(1)
Creating and Destroying Label Binding: Control-Driven versus Data-Driven Label Binding	40	(9)
Distributing Label Binding Information: What Are the Options?	49	(2)
Multicast Considerations	51	(1)
Handling Routing Transients	52	(3)
Edge Devices	55	(1)
Relationship between Label Switching and Network Layer Addressing and Routing	55	(1)
Summary	56	(1)
Further Reading	57	(2)
IP Switching	59	(28)
IP Switching Overview	60	(6)
Ipsilon Flow Management Protocol (IFMP)	66	(13)
IFMP's Adjacency Protocol	67	(1)
IFMP's Redirection Protocol	68	(4)
Encapsulation of Redirected Flows	72	(3)
IFMP and Security	75	(1)
IFMP and TTL	76	(3)
General Switch Management Protocol (GSMP)	79	(5)
GSMP Adjacency Protocol	81	(1)
GSMP Connection Management Protocol	82	(2)
Implementations	84	(1)
Summary	85	(1)
Further Reading	86	(1)
Tag Switching	87	(34)
Tag Switching Overview	88	(19)
Support for Destination-Based Routing	88	(7)
Improving Routing Scalability via a Hierarchy of Routing Knowledge	95	(5)
Multicast	100	(4)
RSVP with Tag Switching	104	(1)
Explicit Routes	105	(2)
Tag Switching over ATM	107	(5)
Carrying Tag Information	108	(1)
Destination-Based Forwarding	109	(3)
Tag Encapsulation on Non-ATM Links	112	(2)
Handling Tag Faults	114	(1)
Handling Forwarding Loops during Routing Transients	115	(2)
Tag Distribution Protocol (TDP)	117	(1)
Summary	118	(1)
Further Reading	119	(2)
MPLS Core Protocols	121	(26)
Working Group Origins and Charter	121	(2)
The MPLS Architecture	123	(8)
Ordered versus Independent Control	124	(3)
Loop Detection and Prevention	127	(4)
Encapsulation	131	(2)
Label Distribution	133	(6)
Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)	134	(4)
Label Distributiom Using BGP	138	(1)
ATM Issues	139	(4)
Multicast	143	(2)
Summary	145	(1)
Further Reading	145	(2)
Quality of Service	147	(24)
Integrated Services and RSVP	148	(9)
Integrated Services Overview	148	(4)
MPLS Support of RSVP	152	(3)
RSVP and Scalability	155	(2)
Differentiated Services	157	(9)
Differentiated Services Overview	158	(3)
MPLS Support of Diff-Serv	161	(5)
Explicit Congestion Notification	166	(3)
ECN Overview	166	(2)
MPLS Support of ECN	168	(1)
Summary	169	(1)
Further Reading	170	(1)
Constraint-Based Routing	171	(40)
What Is Constraint-Based Routing?	171	(3)
Constraint-Based Routing Components	174	(16)
Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF)	175	(5)
MPLS as the Forwarding Mechanism	180	(1)
RSVP Extensions	180	(3)
CR-LDP	183	(3)
OSPF and IS-IS Extensions	186	(1)
Comparison of CR-LDP and RSVP	187	(3)
Application to Traffic Engineering	190	(10)
Problem Description	190	(1)
Solving Traffic Engineering with ATM or Frame Relay	191	(2)
Why Plain IP Routing Is Not Enough	193	(3)
Solving Traffic Engineering with MPLS Constraint-Based Routing	196	(4)
Application to Fast Rerouting	200	(7)
Routing Convergence with Plain IP Routing	200	(3)
Fast Reroute with Constraint-Based Routing	203	(4)
Application to QoS	207	(2)
Relationship between QoS and Routing	207	(1)
Guaranteed Bandwidth LSPs	208	(1)
Summary	209	(1)
Further Reading	209	(2)
Virtual Private Networks	211	(40)
What Is a VPN?	212	(1)
Overlay Model	213	(5)
The Peer Model	218	(2)
Constrained Distribution of Routing Information	220	(4)
Multiple Forwarding Tables	224	(1)
VPN-IP Addresses	225	(3)
MPLS as a Forwarding Mechanism	228	(3)
Scalability	231	(2)
Security	233	(1)
QoS Support	234	(5)
Advanced Topics	239	(9)
ISP as a Customer	239	(4)
BGP/MPLS VPN Service Provider as a Customer	243	(1)
Multiprovider Operations	244	(4)
Summary	248	(2)
Further Reading	250	(1)
Concluding Remarks	251	(4)
Glossary	255	(8)
Bibliography	263	(4)
Index	267	(20)
About the Authors	287