Multicultural Psychology : Understanding Our Diverse Communities

by Mio, Jeffery Scott; Barker-hackett, Lori; Tumambing, Jaydee Santos

• ISBN13: 9780072979978
• ISBN10: 0072979976
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-06-21
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

"Multicultural Psychology: Understanding Our Diverse Communities combines quantitative and qualitative methods with anecdotal material to examine an array of multicultural issues and capture the richness of diverse cultures. The text focuses on compelling topics, such as differences in worldviews and communication, racial and cultural identity development, racism, immigration, and nonracial, diverse populations, including gender, sexuality, age, and ability."--BOOK JACKET.

Author Biography

Lori Barker-Hackett is a tenured full professor in the Department of Psychology and Sociology at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona). Jeffery Scott Mio is a professor in the Psychology and Sociology Department at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona), where he also serves as the Director of the M.S. in Psychology Program.

Table of Contents

About the Authors	xiii
Preface/Acknowledgments	xv
What Is Multicultural Psychology?	1	(32)
What Is Multicultural Psychology?	3	(9)
Narrow and Broad Definitions of Culture	6	(1)
Culture and Worldview	7	(2)
What Is Race?	9	(2)
Multicultural Psychology versus Cross-Cultural Psychology	11	(1)
Why Do We Need the Field of Multicultural Psychology?	12	(1)
Multiculturalism as the Fourth Force	13	(1)
Understanding the Cultural Context of Behavior: The Biopsychosocial Model	14	(4)
The Basic Tenets of Multicultural Theory	18	(3)
Historical Background	21	(6)
Dubious Beginnings	21	(2)
We Begin to Define Ourselves	23	(1)
Gender Differences	24	(2)
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Issues	26	(1)
The Rise of Multiculturalism	27	(5)
Summary	32	(1)
Multicultural Issues Involving Research and Testing	33	(24)
Research Methods in Psychology	34	(4)
The General Research Model	34	(2)
The White Standard	36	(1)
Internal versus External Validity	36	(2)
Quantitative Versus Qualitative Research	38	(7)
Quantitative Approaches	38	(1)
Qualitative Approaches	39	(3)
Equivalence of Measures	42	(1)
Qualitative Approaches and Gender	42	(2)
Qualitative Approaches and Older Populations	44	(1)
Experimental Designs	45	(2)
Psychological Testing	47	(7)
Intelligence Testing	47	(2)
Intelligence, Context, and Older Adults	49	(1)
Alternative Conceptions of Intelligence	50	(3)
Personality and Diagnostic Testing	53	(1)
Summary	54	(3)
Differences in Worldviews	57	(28)
Different Perspectives for Looking at Cultures	58	(5)
Imposing a Worldview	59	(1)
Understanding Differences from Within	60	(1)
Male and Female Perspectives	61	(1)
Well-Meaning Clashes	62	(1)
Individualism Versus Collectivism	63	(9)
The Individual and Society	65	(4)
Guilt versus Shame	69	(1)
Face Giving and Social Support	70	(2)
Value Orientation and Worldviews	72	(4)
Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Value Orientation Model	72	(2)
Derald Wing Sue's Worldview Model	74	(2)
Ethnic Minority Worldview	76	(2)
Worldview of Women	78	(1)
Worldview of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals	79	(2)
Summary	81	(4)
Differences in Communication	85	(28)
Conversational Rules	86	(3)
Nonverbal Aspects of Language	89	(3)
Proxemics	89	(1)
Kinesics	90	(2)
Paralanguage	92	(1)
High- Versus Low-Context Communication	92	(10)
Direct versus Indirect Communication	96	(1)
Ethnic Minority Patterns of Communication	97	(1)
African Americans	97	(1)
Latinos/as	98	(2)
American Indians	100	(1)
Communication Patterns of the Elderly	101	(1)
Gender Differences in Communication	102	(3)
Bilingual Communication	105	(4)
Cognitive Consequences of Bilingualism	106	(1)
Social Consequences of Bilingualism	107	(2)
Summary	109	(4)
Immigrants, Refugees, and the Acculturation Process	113	(28)
Immigrants and Refugees	116	(3)
Immigrants	117	(1)
Refugees	117	(2)
Common Experiences of Immigrants and Refugees	119	(10)
Language Barriers	120	(1)
Support Networks	121	(2)
Family Hierarchies	123	(2)
New Family Roles	125	(1)
Employment	126	(1)
Education	127	(2)
Acculturation	129	(9)
``Old'' and ``New'' Immigrants	129	(1)
Models of Acculturation	130	(1)
Acculturation of Immigrants	130	(4)
Acculturation of Ethnic Minority Populations	134	(1)
The Migration Process	135	(2)
Ecological Context and Fit	137	(1)
Summary	138	(3)
Stereotyping, Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism	141	(30)
Categorizations of Race and Ethnicity	146	(9)
Stereotype Threat	149	(2)
The Development of Negative Stereotypes	151	(4)
Racism	155	(12)
Overt versus Covert Racism	158	(3)
Aversive Racism	161	(2)
White Privilege	163	(4)
Summary	167	(4)
Cultural Identity Development	171	(28)
A Model of Personal Identity	173	(1)
Racial Identity Development	174	(19)
African-American Identity Development	176	(2)
White Identity Development	178	(5)
Multiracial Identity Development	183	(3)
Homosexual Identity Development	186	(3)
Racial and Cultural Identity Development Model	189	(4)
A Critique of the Stage Models	193	(1)
Multiple Layering of Identities	194	(2)
Summary	196	(3)
Health Psychology and Health Disparities in Minority Groups	199	(26)
Health and Health Behaviors	202	(2)
Health Disparities	204	(5)
Differential Treatment	207	(2)
Why Should We Care?	209	(1)
Causes of Health Disparities	209	(8)
Racism	211	(1)
Poverty	212	(2)
Structural Barriers	214	(1)
Access to the Health Care System	215	(2)
Mistrust of the Health Care System	217	(1)
Bringing About Change	218	(3)
Sickle Cell Anemia--A Case Study	221	(1)
Summary	222	(3)
Culture and Mental Health	225	(38)
Culture and Diagnosis	228	(16)
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: A Classification System	228	(1)
Culture and the Expression of Symptoms	229	(2)
Cultural Group Differences and Mental Health	231	(1)
The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Project (ECA)	231	(2)
National Comorbidity Survey (NCS)	233	(2)
Minorities Not Well Represented in the Large Epidemiological Studies	235	(1)
Problems with the Epidemiologic Studies	235	(1)
Conclusions from Existing Data	236	(2)
Gender Differences	238	(2)
Culture-Bound Syndromes	240	(1)
Eating Disorders: An American Culture-Bound Syndrome?	241	(3)
Culture and the Treatment of Mental Disorders	244	(16)
Underutilization of Mental Health Services	244	(1)
Barriers to Treatment	245	(1)
Culture-Bound Values as Barriers	246	(3)
Class-Bound Values as Barriers	249	(1)
Language as a Barrier	250	(1)
Experience with Racism	250	(2)
Culturally Sensitive Therapeutic Approaches	252	(1)
The Training of Mental Health Professionals: Multicultural Competence	252	(2)
Cultural Matching	254	(3)
Culture-Specific Therapies	257	(1)
Treatment Issues and Strategies for Sexual Minorities	258	(2)
Summary	260	(3)
Where Do We Go From Here? Building Multicultural Competence	263	(30)
How to Increase Your Multicultural Competence: The Multicultural Competencies	265	(1)
Awareness of Your Own Cultural Attitudes	266	(14)
The Five D's of Difference	267	(1)
Distancing	268	(1)
Denial	269	(1)
Defensiveness	269	(2)
Devaluing	271	(2)
Discovery	273	(1)
The Three S's of Similarity	274	(1)
Simple	274	(1)
Safe	274	(1)
Sane	275	(1)
Examining Your Biases, Prejudices, and Stereotypes	276	(1)
Learning about Your Own Culture	276	(4)
Understanding Other Worldviews	280	(3)
Learning Key Historical Events	280	(1)
Becoming Aware of Sociopolitical Issues	280	(1)
Understanding Cultural Practices	281	(1)
Knowing the Dynamics of Racism, Discrimination, and Stereotyping	282	(1)
Development of Culturally Appropriate Interpersonal Skills	283	(6)
Education and Training	284	(1)
Experience and Practice	284	(1)
Saying ``I Don't Know'' and Asking Questions	285	(2)
Travel	287	(1)
Being an Ally	288	(1)
An Attitude of Discovery and Courage	288	(1)
Summary	289	(4)
Glossary	293	(8)
References	301	(30)
Credits	331	(2)
Index	333