Multicultural Psychology : Understanding Our Diverse Communities

by Mio, Jeffery; Barker, Lori; Tumambing, Jaydee Santos

• ISBN13: 9780199766918
• ISBN10: 0199766916
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2011-12-07
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Multicultural Psychology: Understanding Our Diverse Communities, Third Edition, combines quantitative and qualitative research with anecdotal material to examine an array of multicultural issues and capture the richness of diverse cultures. The text focuses on such compelling topics as differences in worldviews, communication, racial and cultural identity development, racism, and immigration. Other issues covered in the text include gender, sexuality, age, and ability. The authors provide a strong, vivid, and personal voice to the text, richly populating it with anecdotes from themselves, their students, and other contributors, and using them as central points around which to build their case for multicultural issues based on science. FEATURES: -Providesnarrative, first person accountsby people of all ages and cultures to illustrate the points discussed in the text -Combinesquantitative and qualitative research with anecdotal materialto examine an array of multicultural issues and capture the richness of diverse cultures NEW TO THIS EDITION: -Addresses the election of the first ethnic minority President of the United States in history -Cites more than200 new publications not found in the previous edition -Includes more than fifty new reactions from students -Extended Chapter Seven contains Latino as well as Asian/Philipino identity development, and also includes a new section on "affliliative identities" -Other sections have been replaced or added, such as "The Four F Reactions" on exposure to cultural differences and culturally specific therapies

Table of Contents

About the Authors

Preface

What Is Multicultural Psychology?

What is Multicultural Psychology?

Narrow and Broad Definitions of Culture

Culture and Worldview

What Is Race?

Multicultural Psychology versus Cross-Cultural Psychology

Why Do We Need the Field of Multicultural Psychology?

Multiculturalism as the Fourth Force Understanding the Cultural Context of Behavior

The Biopsychosocial Model

The Basic Tenets of Multicultural Theory Historical Background

Dubious Beginnings We Begin to Define Ourselves

Gender Differences Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Issues

The Rise of Multiculturalism

Summary

Multicultural Issues Involving Research and Testing

Research Methods in Psychology

The General Research Model

The White Standard Internal versus External Validity

Quantitative Versus Qualitative Research

Quantitative Approaches Qualitative Approaches

Equivalence of Measures

Qualitative Approaches and Gender Qualitative Approaches and Older Populations

Experimental Designs Psychological Testing

Intelligence Testing

Intelligence, Context, and Older Adults Alternative Conceptions of Intelligence Personality and Diagnostic Testing

Summary

Cultural Differences in Worldviews

Different Perspectives for Looking at Cultures

Imposing a Worldview

Understanding Differences from Within

Male and Female Perspectives

Well-Meaning Clashes

Individualism Versus Collectivism

The Individual and Society

Guilt versus Shame Face

Giving and Social Support

Value Orientation and Worldviews

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Value Orientation

Model Derald Wing Sue's Worldview Model

Ethnic Minority Worldview

Worldview of Women

Worldview of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals

Summary

Cultural Differences in Communication

Cultural Rules Nonverbal Aspects of Language

Proxemics

Kinesics

Paralanguage

High Versus Low-Context Communication

Direct versus Indirect Communication

Ethnic Minority Patterns of Communication

African Americans

Latinos/as American-Indians

Communication Patterns of the Elderly

Gender Differences in Communication

Bilingual Communication

Cognitive Consequences of Bilingualism

Social Consequences of Bilingualism

Summary

Immigrants, Refugees, and the Acculturation Process

Immigrants and Refugees

Immigrants

Refugees

Common Experiences of Immigrants and Refugees

Language Barriers

Support Networks

Family Hierarchies

New Family Roles

Employment

Education

Acculturation

"Old" and "New" Immigrants

Models of Acculturation

Acculturation of Immigrants

Acculturation of Ethnic Minority Populations

The Migration Process

Ecological Context and Fit

Summary

Sterotyping, Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism

Categorizations of Race and Ethnicity

Stereotype Threat

The Development of Negative Stereotypes

Racism

Overt versus Covert Racism

The Response to Hurricane Katrina: A Case of Covert, Unintentional Racism?

Aversive Racism Racial

Microaggressions

White Privilege

Summary

Cultural Identity Development

A Model of Personal Identity

Racial Identity Development

African American Identity Development

White Identity Development

Chicano/Latino Identity Development

Brief Overview of Asian American/Pilipino

American Identity Development

Multiracial Identity Development

Gay/Lesbian Identity Development

Racial and Cultural Identity Development

Model Other Identities

A Critique of the Stage Models

Multiple Layering of Identities

Summary

Culture and Health

Health and Health Behaviors

Health Disparities Defined

Causes of Health Disparities

Racism

Poverty

Structural Barriers

Access to the Health Care System

Differential Treatment

Mistrust of the Health Care System

Why Should We Care?

Bringing About Change

Sickle Cell Anemia

A Case Study

Summary

Culture and Mental Health

Culture and Diagnosis

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

A Classification System

Culture and the Expression of Symptoms

Cultural Group Differences and Mental Health

The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Project (ECA)

National Comorbidity Survey (NCS)

The Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Studies (CPES)

Ethnic/Racial Groups Not Well Represented in the Large Epidemiological Studies

Critique of the Epidemiologic Studies

Conclusions from Existing Data

Gender Differences

Culture-Bound Syndromes

Eating Disorders: An American Culture-Bound Syndrome?

Culture and the Treatment of Mental Disorders

Underutilization of Mental Health Services

Barriers to Treatment

Culture-Bound Values as Barriers

Class-Bound Values as Barriers

Language as a Barrier

Experience with Racism

Culturally Sensitive Therapeutic Approaches

The Training of Mental Health Professionals: Multicultural Competence

Cultural Matching

Culture-Specific Therapies

Example of a Culture-Specific Approach: African-Centered Psychology

Treatment Issues and Strategies for Sexual Minorities

Summary

Where Do We Go From Here? Building Multicultural Competence

How to Increase Your Multicultural Competence

The Multicultural Competencies

Awareness of Your Own Cultural Attitudes

The Four F Reactions

Freeze

Flee

Fight

Fright

The Five D's of Difference

Distancing

Denial

Defensiveness

Devaluing

Discovery

The Three S's of Similarity

Simple

Safe

Sane

Examining Your Biases, Prejudices, and Stereotypes

Learning about Your Own Culture

Understanding Other Worldviews

Learning Key Historical Events

Becoming Aware of Sociopolitical Issues

Knowing Basic Values and Beliefs

Understanding Cultural Practices

Knowing the Dynamics of Racism, Discrimination, and Stereotyping

Development of Culturally Appropriate Interpersonal Skills

Education and Training

Experience and Practice

Saying "I Don't Know" and Asking Questions

Travel

Being an Ally

An Attitude of Discovery and Courage

Summary

Glossary

References

Credits

Index

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